Shin Ci gaba a Jiyya da Rigakafin Ya Kamo Laifi?
Kalmar HIV / AIDs tana amfani da ita don bayyana ma'anar rikici da cututtukan kwayar cutar ta mutum (HIV) da kuma wasu cututtukan da suka dace da cututtuka ko yanayin da zasu iya haifar da sakamakon rashin lafiya mai tsawo (AIDS ko kuma samun ciwon rashin lafiya).
Ana amfani dashi don samar da tsabta ga waɗanda basu iya fahimtar cewa kamuwa da cuta ba dole ba ne cewa rashin lafiya-ko, musamman musamman, rashin lafiya-kuma yana da mahimmanci.
Bayan haka, menene malamin kiwon lafiyar jama'a ba ya furta kalma "HIV ne kwayar cutar da take cutar AIDS" ko kuma ya tunatar da mutane cewa "HIV da AIDS ba daidai ba ne"? Ya zama mantra na ilmin HIV.
Amma menene AIDS ke nufi a yau, ba tare da yanayin da aka tsara na asibiti ba? Kuma me ya sa yake daya daga cikin ka'idodi guda kawai wanda aka ba da wata cuta ta daban daban?
Babu shakka, ba zamu yi haka ba tare da ciwon daji ko cututtukan da aka yi da jima'i kamar syphilis. Haka kuma ba muyi ba tare da ciwo mai ci gaba da ciwon kamuwa da ciwon ƙwayoyin C ko inganta cututtuka irin su Parkinson ko Alzheimer. Wadannan duka an ba da su ne kawai ta hanyar mataki domin su samar wa masu likita horo hanya mafi mahimmanci don magani.
Canji Canji, Canza Canji
Gaskiyar ita ce, kwayar cutar HIV tana da cututtuka fiye da shekaru 35 da suka wuce kuma cewa AIDS yana nufin wani abu mai banbanci fiye da yadda ya dawo a 1982 lokacin da aka fara yin jeri.
Yau, mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV suna iya zama cikakke, lafiyayyu idan sun bayar da magani mai kyau. Kuma ko da mutum ya cigaba da zuwa asibiti game da cutar kanjamau, sakamakon ya zama mafi kyau ga abin da suka kasance kawai shekaru goma da suka gabata.
Gaskiyar ita ce: kalmar "AIDS" tana da nauyi. Yana ɗauke da nauyin nauyi tare da marasa lafiya da kuma jama'a waɗanda suka fi sau da yawa fiye da ba su san shi ba.
Misali, misali, a ce "John yana da kwayar cutar HIV" kuma wani ya ce "John yana da AIDS."
Kuma ba wai kawai zane-zane muke magana ba. Ko da daga ra'ayi game da aikin asibiti, kalmar ta kusan kusan bace ba daga tattaunawa, anachronism da wuya a yi amfani dasu a waje da ilimin kiwon lafiya na jama'a ko kuma labarai masu launi.
Shin a ƙarshe ne lokacin da za a janye kalmar nan "AIDS" da kuma kawai a kan cutar kamar HIV? Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa shi ne.
Tushen HIV / AIDS Classification
Babu shakka mutanen da za su tuna lokacin da "AIDS" ba kullum "AIDS ba ne," amma daya daga cikin sharuɗɗa da yawa sun haɗa da jama'a a cikin lafiyar jama'a.
A farkon kwanakin rikicin , mutane da yawa a cikin kafofin yada labarai sun dauka cewa "gay cancer" bayan da aka ruwaito farkon kamuwa da cututtuka a mazaunan gay a Southern California da New York. Da farko an sanya GRID (ko raunin rashin lafiyar gay), lokacin da aka yi gudun hijira lokacin da sauran al'ummomi suka fara gabatar da irin wannan yanayi.
A wani mataki, Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka (CDC) ta gabatar da kalmar "rashin lafiyar al'umma" da kuma, mafi rikicewa, "cututtuka 4-H" (Magana game da 'yan luwadi, hemophiliacs, masu amfani da heroin, da kuma Haiti wadanda har yanzu ba a sani ba).
Sai dai a cikin watan Satumbar 1982 CDC ya yanke shawara a kan kalmar "AIDS" don bayyana cutar tare da "babu wani dalilin da ya sa ya kawo juriya."
Ba zai zama ba har sai bayan shekara guda bayan da masana kimiyya a Amurka da Faransa zasu gano dalilin da ya sa cutar ta samu, sai a sake haifar da sukar kwayar cutar HIV a shekarar 1986. Daga baya, AIDS ya zama mai haɗuwa a cikin fahimtar jama'a an yanke shawarar cewa "HIV / AIDs" zai samar da mafi mahimmanci game da dalilin da kuma sakamakon "kamuwa da cutar" HIV.
Kalmar ta zauna tare da mu har yau.
Bayan Medicine: Muhimmancin Tsarin Kwayar cutar Kanjamau
Baya ga maganin jiyya da kulawa da cutar, an yi amfani da rarraba cutar AIDS a farkon annoba a matsayin hanyar da za ta iya magance rashin lafiyar gwamnati ga marasa lafiya wanda, a lokacin irin wannan gwajin, yana da tsawon rai na tsawon watanni 18.
An yi la'akari da muhimmancin bambanci daga wannan bangare kamar yadda yawan mutuwar da aka kai a Amurka ya kai ga matsayi mafi girma daga shekara ta 1992 (mutuwar 234,255 daga cutar HIV 360 da 909 na cutar AIDS) kuma ya zama babban batu na takwas na mutuwa a cikin shekaru goma shekaru.
Amma duk wannan ya canza ne tun shekarar 1996 tare da gabatar da sababbin maganin cutar antiretroviral (HAART), wanda ya sake juyayi mace-mace ƙwarai da gaske. Yayinda rayuwar rai ta karu da ninki hudu a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, toshewar cutar AIDS ba zata iya kasancewa shaida kawai na rashin lafiya ba.
Lokaci da fahimtar cutar sun riga sun canza sau da yawa.
Yin gwagwarmaya da gwagwarmaya: HIV / AIDs kamar kayan aikin siyasa
Yayinda yawancin kasashe ke fuskantar amfani da sababbin kwayoyin cutar antiretroviral a ƙarshen shekarun 1990, kasashe masu tasowa-yawancin su a yankin Saharar Afrika-kawai sun fara farawa da annobar su.
Daga cikin su, Afirka ta Kudu ta tsaya takara a siyasa karkashin jagorancin shugaban kasar Thabo Mbeki ta hanyar tambayar ko cutar ta HIV ne, a gaskiya, dalilin cutar kanjamau, yawancin da ke nuna cewa kawai ƙaddamar da kimiyyar "yammacin".
A gaskiya ma, a lokacin bude taron na 13 na duniya na AIDS a Durban, Afirka ta Kudu, Mbeki ya ci gaba da nuna wa masu binciken kimiyya da wakilai masu yawa: "Ina ganin ba za mu iya zargi duk abin da ke faruwa ba. "
Wata rana daga baya ne mai bincike David Ho, a cikin gabatarwa ga wakilan taro, ya nuna alamar hoto na farko na kwayoyin cutar HIV kuma ya ce, "Ya ku mata da maza, wannan shine dalilin AIDS."
Duk da ambaliyar da ake yi na duniya, Mbeki mai ci gaba da nuna rashin amincewa zai iya magance cutar ne kawai kamar "HIV da AIDS," yana nuna cewa sun kasance ba tare da alaƙa ba. A sakamakon haka, 'yan asibiti na Afirka ta kudu sun nuna matukar damuwa game da amfani da "HIV / AIDs" a cikin dukkan littattafai da kuma jawabai a matsayin hanyar nuna rashin amincewa da rashin amincewar da gwamnatin ta ke yi a kwanakin baya.
Tun lokacin da Mbeki ya yi murabus daga ofishin a shekarar 2008, yunkuri a cikin manufofin gwamnati ya zama babbar, tare da kasar nan tana alfahari da mafi yawan tsarin antiretroviral a duniya.
Duk da haka duk da duk wadannan abubuwan da aka samu, an sake yin tasirin muhawarar da ake yi da kuma rashin shakku game da cutar HIV - ciki har da rashin lafiya da mutuwa - musamman maganin HIV da AIDS kamar yadda abu daya yake.
Dalili na kawar da kalmar "AIDS"
Duk da yake ba daidai ba ne ya bayar da shawarar cewa kawar da "AIDS" daga zance na jama'a zai iya canza waɗannan dabi'un, ba dole ba ne ya zo ba tare da wani tsari ba. Canji ya kasance abu daya da ya bayyana wannan annoba, yale mu ci gaba da yin tunani yadda muke kulawa da ganin cutar a hanyar da ta samar da mafi tsabta da yarda da zamantakewa.
Amfani da "cutar AIDS" a cikin shekarun 1980s, alal misali, ya ba da damar zuwa "wanda ya tsira daga cutar AIDS" a shekarun 1990, wanda hakan ya haifar da dangin PLWH (mutanen da ke zaune tare da cutar HIV), kalmar da muka fi karfin yau. Kuma ba wai kawai burge-bane ne wanda ya motsa wannan juyin halitta ba; shi ne sanarwa cewa ba wai kawai ya tsira daga cutar ba amma kana iya zama tare da shi, lafiya da lafiya, har shekaru da dama har ma da shekarun da suka gabata.
Ba wai kawai misali ba. Ka yi la'akari da haka:
- A cikin ilimin kimiyyar kwayar cutar HIV, an maye gurbin kallon HAART ta hanyar cART (hadewar maganin antiretroviral) lokacin da aka yanke shawarar cewa kwayoyi sun fi kawai "sosai aiki." Yau, mafi sauki ART (antiretroviral farfesa) ana amfani dashi a mafi yawan saitunan asibiti.
- A cikin annobar cutar, ba zamu yi amfani da "gay ko bisexual" ba yayin da ake magana da wannan yawan mutanen da ke cikin hadari. Maimakon haka, zamu yi amfani da "maza da suka yi jima'i da maza" (MSM) don su bayyana yadda ya kamata na kamuwa da cuta fiye da yadda mutum zai iya ko ba zai iya komawa kansa ba. Haka kuma ya shafi sharuddan "likitan shan magani da" karuwanci, "wanda yanzu an maye gurbinsu tare da" mai amfani da magunguna "da kuma" ma'aikaciyar jima'i. "
- A cikin rigakafin kwayar cutar HIV, kalmar "rashin jima'i" ta haifar da "jima'i ba tare da karewa ba" wanda aka maye gurbin "jima'i marar jima'i", kalmar da CDC ta amince a shekarar 2014 don nuna cigaban cigaba a cikin prephylaxis (PrEP) da sauran dabarun rigakafi.
Tare da kowace canji a cikin maganganu ya zo fiye da kawai ƙaddamar da ma'anar; sun yi aiki don cire hukunce-hukuncen hukunce-hukuncen shari'a da sauran abubuwan da za su iya ƙarawa ga jama'a ko kuma shakku.
Mutane da yawa sun fara jayayya cewa muna yin haka tare da "AIDS" - don ci gaba da zartar da cutar ta hanyar sanya shi a cikin yanayin mahallin kamuwa da cuta, wanda wanda yake da kyau kuma, kamar sauran cututtuka masu tasiri, zai iya cigaba da matakai idan bar ba tare da izini ba. Magance kalmar "AIDS" zai zama mataki na farko don cimma wannan.
Ko waɗannan canje-canje za su rungume su da jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a ba su da tabbas. Wasu za su yi jayayya da cewa musayar tattaunawa a yanzu, bayan sunyi aiki a cikin sanannun jama'a har tsawon shekaru 30, zai taimaka kawai don rage hanyoyin dabarun rigakafin ci gaba-kuma a lokacin da yawan ciwon kamuwa da cuta ke ci gaba da rikici a Amurka.
Abinda ya tabbata shi ne cewa mun wuce kwanakin lokacin da za mu yi amfani da "HIV ba hukuncin kisa ba" a matsayin sako na lafiyar jama'a, ko dai kai tsaye ko inuwa. Kuma wannan shi ne inda mahimmanci suke da muhimmanci. Ta hanyar rashin fahimtar gaskiyar maganganun kamar HIV / AIDs-inda aka samo, dalilin da yasa aka yi amfani da ita-muna riƙe shi daskarewa a cikin wannan mahallin. Kuma ' matsala.
Idan cikin shakka, tambayi kanka tambaya mai sauƙi: Mene ne AIDS ke nufi a gare ku?
Sources:
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). "Yanayin Labarai na yau da kullum game da ciwon rashin lafiya na kasa da kasa - Amurka." Rashin ƙuntatawa da Mutuwa na Bayani (Weekly Report) (MMWR). Satumba 24, 1982; 31 (37): 507-508,513-514.
CDC. "1993 Systemification System for HIV HIV / AIDS / HIV / AIDS / HIV / AIDS / HIV / AIDS / HIV / AIDS / HIV / AIDS / HIV / AIDS) MMWR. Disamba 18, 1992; 1 (RR-17).
AmfAR, Foundation for AIDS Research. "Shekaru talatin na HIV / AID: Sauko da annoba." Washington, DC
Gidauniyar Kaiser. "CDC Canjin Harshe daga ' Harkokin Jima'i ba tare da Tsare ' ba don ' Jima'i Mai Kariya ' ." Washington, DC; wallafa Fabrairu 25, 2014.