Abin da muka koya da kuma yadda suka ci gaba da bincike
Tun da farkon kwanakin cutar ta HIV, masana kimiyya sun lura da yawan mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV da basu ci gaba da cutar kanjamau ba, kuma sun iya ci gaba da kula da CD4 da kuma nauyin kyamarar cutar ba tare da magani ba, har sau da yawa.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kamar yadda ilimin ilimin HIV ya fara ci gaba da yawa, wasu maganin aikin likita sun bayyana cewa sun kasance daidai (ko kuma irin wannan tasirin) ga mutanen da ke da cutar HIV - ko da kuwa kamar "bayyanar" cutar gaba ɗaya daga jikinsu.
Abin da muka koya-kuma ci gaba da koyi - daga waɗannan mutane na iya zama rana ta ba masana kimiyya da abubuwan da ake buƙata don juyawa hanyar HIV ko kawar da cutar HIV gaba daya.
A nan ne taƙaitacciyar bayani game da kungiyoyi ko mutanen da suka "cutar" HIV kuma sun taimaka wajen bunkasa ilimin kimiyyar HIV:
Stephen Crohn, "Mutumin da ba zai iya magance cutar AIDS ba"
Stephen Crohn, wanda aka buga shi "jarumin da ba zai iya kama cutar AIDS ba" by jaridar Birtaniya ta Birtaniya, an gano cewa yana da wani anomaly da ake kira "delta 32" maye gurbin kan masu karɓar CCR5 na sel CD4, wanda maye gurbin hakan ya hana shi Kwayar HIV daga shigar da sassan kwayoyin. Crohn ya fara zuwa ga Dokta Bill Paxton na Cibiyar Nazarin Kanjamau ta AIDS Diamond a shekarar 1996 bayan gwaje-gwaje ya nuna ba alamun kamuwa da cuta ba duk da cewa ba su da ma'aurata masu yawa, dukansu sun mutu daga cutar AIDS. An gano maye gurbin yanzu a kasa da kashi 1 cikin dari na yawan jama'a.
Binciken abin da ake kira "CCR5-delta-32" ya haifar da bunkasa Selzentry (maraviroc) magunguna na CCR5 , da kuma hanyar da ake amfani dashi a kan hanyar da ake amfani dashi don "maganin warkar da cutar" HIV Timothy Timothy Brown a 2009 ( duba ƙasa ).
Haihuwar a 1946, Crohn ya kashe kansa a ranar 23 ga Agusta, 2013, yana da shekaru 66.
Timothy Ray Brown, "Patient Berlin"
Timothy Ray Brown, wanda aka fi sani da "Patient Berlin," shine mutum na farko da aka yi imani cewa an "warkar da shi" na HIV.
An haife shi a Amurka, An ba da Brown a kasusuwan karu a shekarar 2009 don magance cutar cutar sankarar ta. Doctors a asibitin Charité a Berlin, Jamus ta zaba wani mai bayarwa mai sutura wanda yake da nau'i biyu na maye gurbin CCR5-delta-32, wanda aka sani da shi don magance cutar HIV. An yi gwajin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi ba da daɗewa ba bayan da aka sassaukar da cewa kwayoyin cutar HIV sun ragu zuwa ga wanda zai bada shawarar kawar da kwayar cutar daga tsarinsa.
Yayin da Brown ya ci gaba da nuna alamun HIV, sauye-sauyen sassan cell din da likitoci a Brigham da asibitin mata suka kasa cimma irin wannan sakamakon, tare da marasa lafiya da ke fama da kwayar cutar bidiyo bayan watanni 10 da 13 na gwaje-gwajen da ba a iya gani ba. Wadannan marasa lafiya ba su canzawa tare da maye gurbin Delta 32, duk da haka.
"Donor 45"
A shekara ta 2010, an gano wani mutum dan Afirka mai ban dariya, wanda aka sani da sunan "Donor 45," wanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV mai zaman kansa mai suna VRC01 na masu bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon Nazarin Ciwon Magungunan Alka da Ciwo na NIAID (National Institute of Allergy and Disease Diseases).
Abin da ya fi ƙarfafa game da binciken shine gaskiyar cewa VRC01 na iya ɗaukar kashi 90 cikin dari na dukkanin kwayoyin cutar HIV, ta yadda za a hana rigakafi kamar yadda kwayar cutar ta canza.
Saboda yawan bambancin kwayoyin cutar HIV , mafi yawan kare hakkin kare dangi ba su iya cimma wannan aikin ba.
Sakamakon ya taimaka wajen fadada bincike a kan motsa jiki na kawar da kwayoyin cuta , wanda zai iya hana wata rana ta rage ko ci gaba da ciwo ba tare da amfani da kwayoyin cutar ba.
Binciken da aka yi a 2011 ya gano wasu kamuwa da cutar Ebola guda biyu da ke dauke da kwayoyin VRC01 irin su.
Ƙungiyar Visconti
A cikin Afrilu 2013, labarin wani jariri na Mississippi ya "warkewa" daga cikin labaran da aka kama a duniya. Yarinyar, wanda aka ba da maganin rigakafi a lokacin haihuwar haihuwa, an ruwaito cewa an kawar da kwayar cutar kuma an "warkar da shi" na HIV .
Yayinda jaririn zai fara samun ciwon kyamarar rigakafi a shekara ta 2014 , yana maida martani akan irin wannan magani, akwai wasu shawarwari cewa farkon safarar miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya amfani da shi ta wajen hana HIV daga ɓoyewa a cikin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na jiki.
Bayanan da aka rubuta a kan sheqa na jaririn Mississippi wani rahoto ne daga Faransa inda aka ce daga cikin mutane 70 daga cikin 70 a cikin binciken na Visconti na ci gaba da kulawa da cikakkun nauyin kamuwa da kwayar cutar ba tare da magani ba bayan da aka tsara su a cikin makonni goma na kamuwa da cuta.
A cikin kowane shari'ar, an dakatar da magani ba tare da kwanan nan ba daga mai haƙuri. Daga cikin iyawar 14 da za su iya kula da maganin cututtukan hoto (wasu don sama da shekaru bakwai), ƙididdigar CD4 ya karu daga ƙananan 500 zuwa 900 Kwayoyin / ML yayin da nauyin hoto na kwayoyi ya sauko daga 500,000 zuwa kasa da 50 Kwayoyin / ML. Bugu da ƙari, an gudanar da bincike don gano ko wasu dalilai, kwayoyin ko kwayoyin halitta, sun ba da gudunmawa ga sakamakon.
Binciken ya taimaka wajen karfafa jayayya don tsarin "gwajin da kuma biyan", inda magani na farko zai iya haɓaka zuwa mafi girma da sarrafawa. Ko dai aukuwa na farko za a iya kawar da kamuwa da cuta-kamar yadda wasu suka nuna tare da jaririn jaririn Mississippi-ya kasance a cikin shakka. Mafi yawancin hukumomi suna bayar da shawarar cewa "tsoma baki" yana da mafi dacewa lokaci, saboda lokuttan da suka shafi "maganin magani" a baya.
Farancin Faransanci na Yarda da Kwayar HIV
A cikin watan Yuli na shekarar 2015, masana kimiyya na Faransa sun sake sanar da wani shari'ar cutar HIV, wannan lokacin a wani yarinya mai shekaru 18 wanda ya iya magance cututtukan kwayoyin cututtuka na tsawon shekaru 12 ba tare da maganin cutar antiretroviral ba. Kamar jaririn Mississippi kafin ta, an ba da yarinyar ta hanyar hadewa a lokacin haihuwarta, wadda aka sanya ta a cikin shekaru biyar-sau da yawa tare da tasirin maganin cututtukan kwayoyin halitta saboda rashin lafiyar kwayar cutar HIV.
A cikin shekara ta biyar, iyayenta sun cire ta daga shirin bincike kuma sun kare farfadowa gaba daya. Lokacin da suka dawo a shekara guda, su da masu bincike sun yi mamakin ganin cewa yaron yana da wani nauyin hoto na musamman, abin da yarinyar ta iya kulawa tun lokacin da yake.
Neman bincike na gaba zai yi nufin gano hanyoyin, kwayoyin ko kuma wani abu, don irin wannan iko a duka matasan Faransanci da takwarorinta na ƙwararru a cikin ƙungiyar Visconti.
Sources:
Hütter, G .; Nowak, D .; Mossner, M .; et al. "Tsarin Mulki na CCR5 Delta32 / Delta32 Stem-Cell Transplantation." New England Journal of Medicine. Fabrairu 12, 2009; 360: 692-698.
Zhang, Z .; Wu, X. Longo, N. et al. "Zane-zane mai zurfi tare da samfurin samaniya na hanyar amsa laifuka na VRC01 kamar yadda mutum yayi a wani mutum mai kamu da cutar." Retrovirology. Satumba 13, 2012; 9 (2): O36.
Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Kwayoyin cuta (NIAID). "'Mississippi Baby' yanzu ta gano HIV, masu bincike sun gano." ScienceDaily. Yuli 10, 2014.
Sáez-Cirión, A .; Bacchus, C. Hocqueloux, L ;; et al. "Masu kula da maganin HIV-1 da maganin cutar HIV-1 tare da Tsare-tsaren Tsarin Tsaro na Tsayawa Da Tsayawa Bayan Tsayawa Bayan Kashewar Saurin Ƙaddamar Da Ciwon Nazarin Harkokin Cutar Kwayoyin Kwayoyin cuta na ANRS VISCONTI." PLoS Pathology. Maris 14, 2013; 0 (3): e1003211.
Frange, P .; Faye, A; Avettand-Fenoëll, et al. "Harshen cutar HIV-1 na shekaru fiye da 11 bayan katsewa daga farkon cutar antiretroviral a cikin yara da ke dauke da cutar." 8th taron kan IAS kan cutar HIV, Jiyya da Rigakafin; Yuli 20, 2015; Vancouver, British Columbia; Maganganu na baka MOAA0105LB.