Texas Yan Majalisa na Kashe Abstinence Ilimi Baya a cikin Haske
Ranar 31 ga Maris, 2015, majalisar dokokin Jihar Texas, ta za ~ i, ta} ir} iro wa] ansu ku] a] en dolar Amirka miliyan 3, daga shirin shirin maganin cutar HIV, don ci gaba da ilimi. Gwargwadon, yawanci ya rabu da ragowar jam'iyyun a cikin Jamhuriyar Republican, wanda ke da iko-kuma wani lokaci na musayar sirri daga tsayayya da 'yan Democrat.
Duk da yarda cewa Texas na da kashi uku mafi girma na cutar kanjamau a kasar, da kuma na biyar mafi girma a cikin yarinya ciki, Wakilin Republican Stuart Spitzer kare da ma'auni ta hanyar cewa "burin shi ne ga kowa da kowa zama abstinent har sai sun yi aure . "
Dan takarar Democrat Harold Dutton yayi la'akari da tambayar Spitzer a kan ayyukansa na abstinence, wanda Spitzer ya bayyana cewa yana "budurwa lokacin da ya auri yana da shekaru 29."
Babban haɗarin da aka yi a Texas House ya nuna mahimmancin yanayin muhawarar abstinence, wadda ta fi dacewa da kimiyya don faɗar bangaskiyar mutum da / ko halin kirki.
Wannan labari ne da aka buga a lokuta da dama yayin tarihin cutar HIV , a nan kuma a kasashen waje, kuma wanda ya fi sau da yawa ba tare da ƙare ba, idan wani ya shafi tasirin jima'i ko cutar HIV. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwaƙwalwar yakan sauƙaƙe kawai.
Binciken Bincike game da Ilimin Abstinence a cikin HIV / AIDS
An mayar da hankali sosai kan ilimin basirar rigakafi a farkon shekarun 2000, tare da kasashe da dama suna rungumi wani abu mai suna "ABC" (ko Abstinence / Be Faithful / Condomise) na kusantar cutar HIV. An kiyasta ma'auni a lokacin da shirye-shiryen maganin rigakafi na kasa ya kasance a cikin jariri a cikin kasashe masu tasowa, kuma kadan ne kawai marasa lafiya-marasa kasa da miliyan 3 daga 2005-suna kula da su.
A wasu ƙasashe kamar Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya yi tsayayya da amsawar kasa a karkashin tsarin da aka saba wa shugaban kasar Thabo Mbeki , to, ana ganin ABC sau ɗaya ne kawai na hanyar dabarun gwamnati - koda yake lamarin ya kamu da shi zuwa wani wuri inda kowanne daga cikin biyar Afrika ta Kudu sun kamu da cutar HIV.
A wannan lokacin ne Amurka, a karkashin shirin gaggawa na shugaban kasa don tallafawa AIDs (PEPFAR) , ya goyi bayan shirye-shiryen tsare-tsare, a wani mataki yana nuna kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na dukiyar rigakafi da umarnin auren auren auren.
Uganda ta kasance daya daga cikin kasashen Afirka don yunkurin shawo kan matsalar. Duk da cewa, babban nasarar da aka samu wajen magance cutar kanjamau a farkon shekarun 1980 / farkon shekarun 1990, kasar, karkashin shugaban kasar Yoweri Museveni, ta yi kokarin dakatar da ABC ta hanyar cire kwakwalwa daga tattaunawa.
Museveni kansa ya hukunta kundin roba a matsayin "bai dace ba" ga Ugandans, yayin da Hukumar kare hakkin bil'adama na Amurka ta bayar da rahoto game da kawar da cutar HIV / AIDs daga makarantar firamare, da kuma makarantun sakandare da suka bayyana jima'i kafin aure kamar "rashawa" kuma ya nuna cewa kwayar cutar HIV tana da sauƙi na iya shiga cikin kwamin roba.
Ƙididdigar cin hanci da rashawa ga Amurka - kuma shirye-shiryen aminci a ƙasashen Saharar Afrika sun haɗu a shekarar 2008, suna da kuɗi fiye da dala biliyan 1.3.
Rashin Imanin Abstinence da Addini
A shekara ta 2015, masu bincike daga Jami'ar Stanford sun gudanar da bincike don gano yanayin da ake ciki a cikin halayyar jima'i kafin da kuma bayan da aka fara aiwatar da umarnin rigakafin PEPFAR a shekara ta 2004.
Ya mayar da hankali kan kasashe 14 da suka fi mayar da hankali a ƙasashen Saharar Afirka inda majalisun majalisa suke buƙatar cewa kashi 33 cikin dari na kudaden tallafin PEPFAR za a kashe a kan ABC. Sakamakon haka shine idan aka kwatanta da kasashe guda takwas na Afirka inda aka ba da takunkumin PEPFAR ko umarnin rigakafi.
Ƙarin binciken ya iya gano canje-canje na shekara-shekara game da halin jima'i kamar yadda aka bayyana ta
- Adadin abokan hulɗa a cikin shekara ta baya ga maza da mata
- Shekaru na farko da za a yi hulɗa da maza da mata
- Matashi na matashi
Babu wani tasiri da aka samu, wanda ya jagoranci masu bincike ya bada shawarar "muhimmancin nazarin sauran kudaden tallafi ga PEPFAR don inganta rigakafin HIV a yankin Saharar Afirka."
Binciken 2006 game da manufofin Amurka da Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Jama'a a Jami'ar Columbia ta ba da shawarar cewa, tsarin ilimi ne kawai, kamar yadda aka bayyana ta hanyar kudade na kudade na tarayya, sun kasance "matsala ta zamantakewa, ta hanyar riƙe bayanai da kuma inganta tunanin da ba daidai ba ... (da kuma barazanar) 'yancin ɗan adam ga lafiyar, bayani, da rayuwa. "
Tattaunawa game da Ilimin Abstinence a Makarantu
An ruwaito a cikin watan Mayun shekarar 2015 cewa Makarantar Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Crane a Gabas Texas (a kudancin Odessa) ta gano asarar mutum guda 20 na chlamydia , kamuwa da kwayar cuta ta kwayoyin cuta, tsakanin ɗalibai. Wannan fashewa, wanda Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) da aka kira "damuwa," ya kuma bayyana cewa kashi 6 cikin 100 na daliban makarantar sakandare a gundumar - kusan daya daga cikin kowane 15-an magance su saboda kamuwa da cutar chlamydia.
Babbar jami'in kula da makarantar Jim Rumage ta gabatar da zargi a fili akan shirin ilimi , wanda ya nuna cewa "ba zai aiki ba" yayin da yake kara cewa "iyayen iyaye ne na ilmantar da 'ya'yansu akan ilimin jima'i."
A bayan haka, hukumar makaranta ta zaba ta kafa ilimin jima'i a cikin makarantar sakandare.
Abinda aka gani a cikin Makarantar Kwalejin Kayan Kaya ta Kaya ba wani abu ne ba. Binciken da ake yi na 2011 game da ilimin rashin ilimi na Jami'ar Georgia ya ce "mafi yawan karfi da aka karfafa a cikin dokar jihar, hakan ya fi girma da haihuwa da haihuwa."
Ya bambanta, ilimin jima'i da HIV / STD -wanda a cikin lokuta da dama sun haɗa da haɓaka a matsayin wani hali na halayya-hade da ƙananan yara masu ciki da kuma zubar da ciki a fadin jihohi, in ji masu bincike.
Wannan yana nuna cewa rashin daidaituwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tattaunawa ba dace bane amma tsarin shirye-shirye ne kawai, a cikin kalmomin mawallafa, "inganta halayyar zubar da ciki ta hanyar motsa jiki, irin su ƙaunar auren aure, rikici, tsoron STDs, da kuma yada labarai da ba daidai ba. "
Ko Wakilin Spitzer ya tabbatar da cewa cinyewa har sai aure shi ne tsarin da zai dace da cutar rigakafin HIV / STD yana da kyau sosai. Tattaunawar Tattalin Arziki na Majalisar Dattijai zai iya yanke shawara game da sakamakon da aka yi, ko da yake wasu suna tsoron cewa Republican-sarrafa Senate zai taimaka wasu, idan ba duka ba, na Majalisar.
Ƙoƙarin da aka yi a cikin majalisa na majalisa na 84 na ƙaddamar da yawancin ka'idojin abstinence da aka ƙaddamar da matakan ƙaddamar da matakan ƙalubalanta, ciki har da:
- Bill 467 na gidan , wanda zai cire harshen da ya nuna cewa yin jima'i kafin aure ya haifar da cututtuka na zuciya da na jiki (FAILED).
- Dokar gidan gida 78 , wanda zai tabbatar da cewa ilimin jima'i ya zama tushen shaida kuma ya dace kuma yana da cikakkun bayanai game da daukar ciki da kuma rigakafin cututtuka da Cibiyar Abinci da Drugura ta Amurka (FAILED) ta amince.
- Dokar Sanata ta 88 , wadda za ta buƙaci ilimin kiwon lafiya na jama'a don hada bayanai game da hanyoyi na maganin hana haihuwa da kuma hana rigakafi da ƙari don inganta abstinence (FAILED).
- Sanata Bill 300 , wanda zai buƙaci gundumomi a makaranta don sanar da iyaye idan gundumar tana koyar da ilimin rashin ilimi-ko ilimi ko kuma ya hada da bayani game da maganin hana haihuwa a cikin tsarin ilimin jima'i (FAILED).
Sources:
ABC masu shaida News. "Texas Matakan Cutar Kasuwancin Jirgin Kwayoyin HIV ya haifar da Ilimin Abstinence." An buga Afrilu 1, 2015.
Daily Express Express. "Babu Jima'i-Ed a Jihar Texas na ba da labari ga cutar Chlamydia?" An buga Mayu 6, 2015.
Lo, N. Lowe, A; da Bendavid. E. "Hanyoyin Imfanonin PEPFAR da Kuhimmancin Gaskiya Bayan Rashin lafiyar Harkokin Kwayoyin cuta a Yankin Saharar Afirka." Taron kan Magunguna da Hanyoyin Ciki (CROI); Fabrairu 23-26, 2015; Seattle, Washington; m 160.
Santelli, J .; Ott, M .; Lyon, M .; et al. "Abstinence da abstinence-kawai ilimi: A review na manufofin Amurka da shirye-shiryen." Labaran Lafiya na Yara. Janairu 2006; 38 (1): 72-81.
Yakin da ke Texas don hana yarinya. "Majalisa ta Majalisar Dokoki ta 84". Samun shiga Yuni 27, 2016.