Fahimtar Rashin Gida na Hukumar Gida ta Amurka ta kare lafiyar Jama'a
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) Cibiyar kula da kiwon lafiya ta Amurka ce dake zaune a Atlanta, Georgia, wanda aikinsa na farko shi ne kare lafiyar jama'a da kuma tabbatar da maganin cututtuka.
CDC ta kasance ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya na Amurka (DHHS) kuma, ban da cututtukan cututtuka, yana gudanar da bincike mai yawa a kan irin waɗannan cututtuka irin su kiba, shan taba, da ciwon sukari.
Tarihin Brief na CDC
A shekara ta 1946, an kafa CDC (wanda aka sani da Cibiyar Cututtuka na Sadarwa) don magance matsalolin duniya game da cutar malaria, da kuma lokacin da masana kimiyya suka fara ganin rikici zuwa ga magungunan marasa lafiya. An yanke shawarar kafa ƙungiyar a Atlanta, wani yanki na Amurka inda aka la'akari da cutar cizon sauro.
Bayan da yawa daga cikin jiki, an sake raya hukumar ta Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka a 1980, bayan haka Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ta bi kalmomin "da kuma Rigakafin" a ƙarshen 1992.
Yau, CDC yana amfani da likitoci 15,000, masu bincike, masu gudanarwa, masu bincike da masu fasaha don tallafawa ayyukansa a Atlanta, da kuma ofisoshi da ma'aikata a kasashe 54 a duniya. Ana kuma san CDC na ɗaya daga cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Laboran Labora na Level 4 a duniya, wanda ke iya gina gidan kisa wanda ba shi da magani ko maganin alurar riga kafi.
Dokta Thomas R. Friedan ya nada shugaba na 16 na CDC ta Shugaba Barack Obama a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 2009.
CDC da cutar AIDS
A shekara ta 1981, CDC ya bayar da rahoto game da lokuta guda biyar na pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) wanda ya faru a tsakanin 'yan luwadi a Birnin Los Angeles, kuma ya kasance daga cikin na farko da ya yi tambaya ko waɗannan lokuta sun kasance sakamakon sakamakon rashin daidaito.
Ƙarin abubuwan da suka shafi PCP, Kaposi sarcoma , da kuma sauran cututtuka masu hikima (OIs) sun jagoranci CDC don kafa rundunar soja don gudanar da ilimin cutar cututtuka na cutar ciwon da aka sani da sunan GRID (ko kuma rashin lafiyar gay) kuma daga bisani aka sake sa sunan HIV ( ƙwayar cuta ta mutum) .
Don yin la'akari da sikelin fashewa, CDC da sauri ya kafa ma'anar ciwo, wanda ma'auni ya haɗa
- Kwanan kwayar cutar KS a cikin mutanen da ke da shekaru 60, ko sauran barazanar da ke tabbatar da rayuwa ko magunguna, kuma
- babu sanannun rashin lafiya ko kuma tarihin maganin immunosuppressive (misali, ciwon daji).
Wannan zai zama tushe ga yanayin da zai zama sanadin cutar AIDS . Sauyawa a 1985, 1987 da 1993 za su kara da jerin sunayen da zasu hada da yanayin da aka ƙayyade azaman cutar AIDS .
CDC, tare da Cibiyar Abinci da Drugura ta Amurka (FDA) da Cibiyoyin Kula da Lafiya na kasa (NIH), sun bayar da shawarwarin farko na rigakafi a 1983. A cikin shekaru takwas masu zuwa, CDC zai saki kusan 50 jerin shawarwari da jagororin don kulawa da rigakafin cutar HIV - aikin da ke ci gaba da aiki tare da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), Ƙungiyar Harkokin Tsaro na Amurka (USPSTF), da sauransu.
A shekara ta 1985, CDC ta shirya taron farko kan cutar kanjamau na duniya a Atlanta kamar yadda aka fara bayyana cututtukan HIV a sassa na tsakiya da kudancin Afirka. Yau, CDC na ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin duniya ta hanyar taimakawa da yawa daga binciken bincike na annoba da na kimiyya wanda Amurka da tsarin HIV / AIDs ke kafa.
Bugu da ƙari, CDC tana aiki ne a matsayin madadin fasaha a madadin shirin gaggawa na Shugaban Amurka na Ƙungiyar AIDs (PEPFAR) , tare da wasu kungiyoyi irin su Hukumar USAID ta Amurka. A cikin wannan damar, CDC yana da alhakin sarrafawa, saka idanu, da kuma kimanta shirye-shirye na HIV / AIDs da ke tallafawa PEPFAR a kasashe fiye da 75.
A shekarar 2011, DHHS Office of Inspector General (OIG) ya kaddamar da CDC saboda rashin gazawa a cikin kyauta da / ko sa ido akan asusun tallafin PEPFAR 30.
Sources:
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). "Tarihin Tarihin Tarihin CDC." Rashin ƙuntatawa da Mutuwa na Bayani (Weekly Report) (MMWR). Yuni 28, 1996; 45 (25); 526-530.
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). "CDC Laboratories: A ina ne mutane suka hadu da wasan." Morbidity da Atlanta, Georgia; nazarin karshe na Maris 19, 2014; samun damar shiga cikin labaran Afrilu 7, 2014.
Curran, J. da Jaffe, H. "AIDs: Early Years and CDC's Response." Rashin ƙuntatawa da Mutuwa na Bayani (Weekly Report) (MMWR). Oktoba, 7, 2011; 60 (04); 64-69.
Office of the Inspector General (OIG). "Binciken Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka na Cututtuka da Rigakafin shirin gaggawa na Shugaban kasa na Asusun tallafawa AIDs na shekara ta 2007 Ta hanyar 2009 (A-04-10-04006) .Uban Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam (DHHS); Washington, DC; Yuni 15, 2011.