Mene ne, menene haɗari, kuma yaya ake bambanta da hayaki mai amfani?
Mun ji mai yawa game da hayaki na hayaƙi-wanda ake kira smoke smoke taba (ETS) - duk da haka sababbin sharuddan kamar hayaki mai ban dariya da kuma hayaki na al'ada zai iya yin wannan rikice-rikice batun har ma ya fi rikitarwa. Mene ne waɗannan kalmomi suke nufi, kuma wace haɗari suke ɗaukar?
Bayani
Maƙarƙashiyar Shinge (SSM) an bayyana shi kamar hayaƙin da aka saki daga ƙarshen cigaba, cigare, ko bututu.
Maƙarƙashiyar shinge ya bambanta da wani lokaci mai suna hayaki na al'ada (MSM). Maƙarƙashiya mai amfani yana nufin hayaki wanda ake yiwa ƙwayarwa ta hanyar ƙuƙwalwa sa'an nan kuma ya shiga cikin yanayi. Lokacin da ake amfani da sharuɗɗan taba hayaki ko shan taba na biyu, sun haɗa da hawan hayaki da kuma hayaki na al'ada.
Halaye na Sidestream Smoke
Tun da kashi 85 cikin dari na hayaki na hayaƙi shine hayakiyar hayaki, duk mutanen da suke shan taba da wadanda ba a taba shan taba ba a kusa suna da irin wannan launi ga hayaki na taba taba.
Har ila yau, hayaƙi yana da haɗari na tsawon lokaci. Maganin hayaki yana cike da lokacin da wani ya fitar da taba, amma hayakiyar hayaki na iya ci gaba-shafi duka masu smokers da wadanda ba masu shan taba ba saboda sauraron lokacin da aka yi a cikin daki.
Akwai abubuwa da dama da ke tasirin adadin hayaki mai ban tsoro wanda mutum ya fallasa. Wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da:
- Air zafin jiki
- Humidity
- Samun iska daga cikin dakin, mota, ko wani wuri inda shan taba ke faruwa
- Yawan masu shan taba suna
Haɗuwa
An yi amfani da sunadarai masu yawa da aka gano a taba shan taba, wanda akalla 60 ake zaton ana haifar da ciwon daji. Wasu daga cikin sunadarin sunadaran da muke san suna a cikin hayaki mai haɗari sun hada da:
- Phenol
- Styrene
- Benzene - Benzene ne mai cututtukan kwayar cuta (wanda ke haifar da ciwon daji) wanda ake zaton zai haifar da leukemias da lymphomas. Hakanan zai iya lalata tsarin rigakafi, ƙaddamar da hadarin cututtuka.
- Hydrogen cyanide
- Formaldehyde - Formaldehyde an hade shi tare da allurar nasopharyngeal da kuma leukemias myeloid. Formaldehyde kuma zai iya kwantar da ƙwayar jiki, ƙananan siffofin gashi wanda ke sanya suturar respiratory zuwa kama da toxins kuma tura su a cikin bakin da za a haɗiye su. Wannan zai iya haifar da wasu abubuwa a cikin hayaki don samun damar shiga yankuna masu zurfi na huhu lokacin da zasu iya lalata.
- Nicotine - Nicotine da kanta ba ya bayyana ya haifar da ciwon daji amma zai iya aiki tare da sauran gubobi don haifar da canje-canje da suka haifar da ciwon daji. Nicotine na iya taimaka wajen cigaba da yaduwar ciwon daji .
- Carbon monoxide
Yawan waɗannan sunadarai a cikin iska na iya bambanta tsakanin hayakiyar hayaki da kuma hayaki na al'ada. Ɗaya daga cikin bambance-bambance yana haifar da ƙin taba wanda bai cika ba wanda zai haifar da haɗuwa mafi yawa daga sunadarai carbon monoxide, 2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl, da N-nitrosodimethylamine fiye da hayaki na al'ada wanda mahaukaci ya tashi.
- Mene ne kwayoyi a Cigarettes da Cigarette Smoke?
Hanyoyi akan Jiki
Mafi yawan bincike a wannan yanki an yi a kan ƙwayoyi, amma abubuwan da ke faruwa ga 'yan adam suna da ban mamaki. Maƙarƙashiya na shinge yana shafar tsarin kulawa mai kwakwalwa - wani ɓangare na tsarin tausayi wanda yake rikici da zuciya da rinjayar karfin jini da kuma zuciya.
Har ila yau yana lalata manyan hanyoyi ( bronchi ) da ƙananan hanyoyi ( alveoli ) na huhu.
Har ila yau hayaki na shayi yana samar da mafi yawan adadin leukocytes, waxannan su ne kwayoyin fararen jini a cikin tsarin da muke da shi wanda ke amsa abubuwan da ke cikin jiki kuma suna fama da cututtuka. Hawan hayaki na biyu (haɗa nau'o'in SSM da MSS) sun sami sakamako mai zurfi a cikin jarirai 150,000 zuwa 300,000 a jarirai da yara ƙanana da watanni 18, da kuma asibiti 7,500 zuwa 15,000 a kowace shekara.
An kuma gano hayaƙi na shinge don rage adadi (sassauci) na huhu. inhibit riba mai yawa a cikin dabbobi masu tasowa, da kuma ƙara yawan cututtuka na (da kuma tsananin) na numfashi kamar mura da sanyi.
Tsawancin lokaci na lalacewa daga hayaƙi mai ƙyatarwa ya haɗa da ci gaban atherogenesis - gina harsashi a cikin arteries wanda zai iya haifar da yanayi kamar ciwon zuciya da bugun jini. An kiyasta cewa hayaki na biyu (sake hada SSM da MSM) yana haifar da mutuwar mutane 46,000 a cikin wadanda basu shan taba a Amurka a kowace shekara. Hakanan zai iya haifar da jariran da aka fallasa a cikin utero (yayin da ke cikin mahaifa) zuwa cututtukan zuciya.
Maƙarƙashiya na asali yana haifar da maye gurbi a cikin ƙwayar mata.
Haɗari da Haɗari
Babu matakan tsaro na farfadowar hayaki. A gaskiya, Hukumar kare muhallin (EPA) ta ba da izinin shan taba a matsayin furotin A, wanda ke nufin akwai cikakkun bayanai don nuna cewa suna haifar da ciwon daji a cikin mutane.
Maƙarƙashiyar shinge shine damuwa ga kowa, amma wasu mutane suna fuskantar hatsari. Mace masu ciki da yara ƙanƙara suna da haɗari mai yawa, saboda duka waɗannan lokuta ne na sassaucin ƙwayar salula, amma har ma saboda jariran da ba a haife su da yara suna da tsawon lokaci su zauna tare da duk wani lalacewa ba.
Don mafi yawan cututtukan da ke haifar da ciwon daji, akwai lokacin jinkiri - lokaci na lokaci daga abin da yake dauke da cutar ga gawawwaki ya faru kuma lokacin ciwon daji ke tasowa. Idan yawancin lokaci na jarabaccen sinadaran yana da shekaru 30, wannan shine mafi damuwa ga dan shekaru biyu da shekaru 80.
Wani rukuni na mutane da ake samun haɗari sune wadanda ke da yanayin kiwon lafiya, musamman cututtukan zuciya da na huhu kamar su asma, COPD, ciwon huhu da huhu, da cututtuka na jijiyoyin jini.
Rashin haɗarin ciwon daji da ke dauke da hayaki na biyu tare da SSM an yi nazari ne a kwanan nan, amma mun san wasu abubuwa. Sakamakon hayaki na biyu yana kara yawan cutar kanjamau, kuma kimanin 3,000 lokuta na ciwon huhu na huhu a Amurka a kowace shekara suna da dangantaka da wannan bayyanar.
Hakanan hayaki yana iya kara yawan ciwon nono. A cikin nazarin daya an gano cewa daukan hayaki ga hayaki mai ban sha'awa yana da muhimmanci a matsayin taba shan taba (kasancewa smoker) lokacin da ya kamu da cutar shan nono. Yayinda ake kallon matan da ke dauke da hayaki a kan wutsiyar hayaki, haɗarin haɗarin bunkasa ciwon daji na rigakafi ya kasance kusan sau biyu kamar wadanda ba a bayyana su ba.
Sakamakon shan taba da ƙananan hayaki - Wanne ne mafi muni?
An yi muhawara akan ko hayaki mai haɗari na iya zama mafi hatsari fiye da hayaki na al'ada. Ɗaya daga cikin taƙaitaccen bayani (kimantawa da binciken da ba a yi ba daga Philip Morris Company) ya gano cewa:
- Maƙarƙashiyar shinge sau hudu ya fi tsari a cikin dukkanin kwayoyin halitta
- Shafin hayaki na sau sau sau sau 3 mai guba a kowace gram (ta nauyi)
- Maƙarƙashiya na asali ya kasance 2 zuwa 6 sau more tumorigenic (ciwon daji)
A cewar kungiyar Amurkan ta Amurka, hayakiyar hayaki na iya zama mafi haɗari ga dalilai guda biyu: Harkokin sunadarai sun fi girma (tun lokacin da suke cikewa a ƙananan zafin jiki,) kuma yana samar da karamin ƙananan ƙwayoyin waɗanda zasu iya sauƙi shigarwa da shiga cikin kyallen takarda a cikin jikin.
Cigar Smoke
Duk da yake wasu mutane suna tunanin cigaban cigaba kamar yadda ba su da hatsari ba zai iya zama mawuyacin haɗari ga wanda ba shi da fure ba da jimawa a kusa. Tun da cigaba yawanci ya fi tsayi, suna ba da haya mai yawa fiye da taba taba.
- Cigar shan taba da ciwon huhu
Lokacin da Smoke Clears
Bayan hayaki mai ban tsoro ya ɓacewa kuma ya rabu a cikin yanayi, shin haɗarin ya tafi? Alal misali, idan ka shiga dakin da wani yana shan shan taba ko makonni da suka gabata, akwai hatsari? Babu wanda ya san ainihin matsala, amma abin da aka tsara a yanzu shine "shan taba" wanda ya kasance da yawa masu bincike.
Yawancin barbashi mai guba da ke cikin hayaki mai ban tsoro (irin su arsenic da cyanide) sunyi zama a matsayin barbashi a yankin inda wani yana shan taba kuma ya kasance a kan saman tsawon lokaci. Wannan zai iya haifar da matsala a wasu hanyoyi. Ana iya tunawa da ƙwayar jikin ta fata (kamar lokacin da yarinyar ke motsawa) ko kuma barbashi a cikin iska kamar gas (a cikin tsari da ake kira kashe-gassing.)
Wataƙila hayakiyar hayaƙi ba ta da hatsari fiye da hayaki mai ban dariya, amma har sai mun san komai, guje wa hayaki na uku da kuma hayaki mai ban tsoro bazai zama mummunan ra'ayi ba.
Idan kina ko hayaki mai ƙauna, ka koyi game da shan taba da ciwon daji , da kuma tsara shirin da za a bar yau.
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