Mene ne pancytopenia, menene alamar cututtuka, menene ya sa shi, kuma yaya aka bi ta? Bari mu dubi wadannan tambayoyin.
Pancytopenia an bayyana shi matsayin ƙananan ƙananan matakan dukkanin kwayoyin jinin da kwayoyin halitta suka samar. Wannan ya haɗa da jinin jinin jini, kwayoyin fararen fata, da kuma takalma.
Sanyoyin Cutar da Aka Yi a Pancytopenia
Musamman, pancytopenia tana nufin rashi na:
- Kwayoyin Red blood (RBCs): RBCs sune kwayoyin da ke ɗaure da kuma ɗaukar oxygen zuwa kyallen jikin mutum.
- Kwayoyin Jinsin Fuka (WBCs): Akwai nau'in jini mai yawa (WBCs) wanda aka raguwa a cikin granulocytes (ciki har da neutrophils, eosinophils, da basophils), da kuma agranulocytes (ciki har da lymphocytes da monocytes). Wadannan kwayoyin suna da alhakin yaki da cututtuka a cikin sauran ayyuka.
- Platelets: Platelets ne alhakin jini clotting.
Bayyana ƙananan ƙwayoyin jini
- Ƙananan jinin jini shine ake kira anemia . Yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa akwai nau'o'i daban-daban na anemia. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin jini ne, amma kuma yana iya faruwa saboda rashin asarar jini, ƙananan hemoglobin, rashi na bitamin B12, da sauran abubuwan.
- Kadan ƙananan jini kwayoyin jini ana kiransa leukopenia (zaka iya ji na neutropenia, wanda ke nufin wani matakin ƙananan nau'in jini na jini wanda aka sani da neutrophils).
- Wani matakin ƙananan plalets ana kiransa thrombocytopenia, kamar maganin thrombocytopenia , da kuma chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia .
Hanyoyin Cutar Blood a cikin Rashin Gashi ko Hematopoiesis
Kwayoyin jini suna samo asali ne daga kwayar halitta guda daya a cikin kututtukan launin fata wanda aka sani da kwayar halitta mai hematopoietic (HSM) ko kuma kwayoyin ƙwayoyin tumatir (ma'anar cewa yana da "damar" don zama nau'i daban-daban na sel.
Wadannan kwayoyin sun rarraba kuma suna cigaba da ƙwarewa a cikin tsarin da ake kira hematopoiesis a cikin dukkanin jini a jiki.
Labaran Lab
Pannytopenia yawanci ana bincikarsa ta hanyar kallon cikakken jini (CBC). Sakamako zai nuna matakan nakasa duk nau'in jini wanda ya hada da:
- Sashin jini na jini ya fi kasa da miliyan 4.2 na sel a cikin mata ko ƙasa da kwayoyin halitta miliyan 4.7 / cc cikin maza (Wannan ma za'a iya bayyana shi ta hanyar matakin haemoglobin low).
- Kusan jini yana kimanin 4,000 Kwayoyin / cc (al'ada ne tsakanin 4,000 da 10,000 Kwayoyin / cc).
- Alamar plalet ta ƙidaya fiye da 150,000 Kwayoyin / cc (al'ada ne tsakanin 150,000 da 400,000 Kwayoyin / cc).
Dalilin
Pancytopenia zai iya haifar da wani abu wanda ya rikitar da samuwar kwayoyin jini a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa ko kuma samuwa a cikin jini (kamar idan an riƙe su a cikin rami).
Wannan na iya haifar da maye gurbin ƙasƙarar nama ta hanyar maye gurbi, maye gurbin kashi daga ɓarke, kamar lokacin chemotherapy, ko maye gurbin ƙwayar kashi daga wasu kwayoyin halitta wanda zai haifar da rushewar halittar jini kamar yadda zai iya faruwa tare da wasu cancers. Rushewa ko murkushe na iya faruwa daga kumburi , cututtuka, ko yanayin yanayin kai tsaye.
Yawancin waɗannan yanayi ana samun su daga baya a rayuwa, amma kaɗan an gaji kuma a yanzu daga haihuwa.
Akalla kashi 50 cikin 100 na lokacin babu wata hujja mai ma'ana - abin da likitoci suke magana a matsayin "idiopathic ." Wasu daga cikin abubuwan yiwuwar pancytopenia na iya hada da:
- Chemotherapy-haifar da ɓarna mai ɓarna
- Drug-induced: Drugs ban da kwayoyin cutar kumburiyo, daga maganin rigakafi zuwa magunguna da aka yi amfani da su don cututtukan zuciya, an kawo sunayen su a matsayin haddasawa.
- Cutar cututtuka irin su ciwon ƙwayar cuta da kwayoyin cutar HIV, da kuma cututtuka (sepsis).
- Anemia aplastic
- Sunenic sequestration (rike da jini a cikin rami don haka ba za su iya samun zuwa sauran jiki).
- Maganin ƙwayoyi da sunadarai irin su daukan hotuna zuwa arsenic ko benzene.
- Magunguna na jini a cikin kututtukan kasusuwan kamar su cutar sankarar bargo, lymphoma, myeloma, ko ciwon daji ga ƙwayar nama.
- Nada wasu ƙwayoyin ciwon daji zuwa gabar kasusuwa, musamman maƙaryacin nono, ciwon sutura, ciwon daji, ciwon daji, da melanoma. Tare da kasusuwa na kasusuwa sunadarai mafi yawan alamu shine anemia wanda thrombocytopenia ya bi.
- Myelodysplastic ciwo (wani "pre-cancerous" yanayin ƙashin kashi)
- Hannun kamfanoni irin su lupus
- Maganin radiation
- Raunin da aka samu, kamar Fanconi anemia, Diamond Blackfan anemia .
Mafi yawan abubuwan da ke faruwa
Nazarin binciken da aka gudanar a shekarar 2014 don gano ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da ke tattare da pancytopenia a cikin mutanen da ba a taɓa gano su da yanayin ba. Alal misali, babu wani daga cikin wadannan manya da suka karbi chemotherapy ko suna da dalilai masu kyau na pancytopenia. Daga cikin wadannan mutane:
- Fiye da kashi 60 cikin dari sun sami ciwon daji na jini. Yawanci yawancin cutar cutar sankarar murya ne, myelodysplasia, lymphoma non-Hodgkin, kwayar cutar sankarar rigakafi, da lymphocytic cutar sankarar bargo.
- Daga cikin wadanda ba su da ciwon jini kamar yadda ake haifar da panyar su, suna binciko cutar anemia, rubutun anemia megaloblastic, da HIV. anemia, da HIV.
Cutar cututtuka
Alamar cututtuka na pancytopenia na iya haɗawa da rauni, yaduwa, ko karar girma a ban da bayyanar cututtuka da suka shafi rashi na ƙwayoyin jini. Wasu daga cikin wadannan bayyanar cututtuka sun haɗa da:
- Kwayar cututtukan da ke danganta da anemia (ƙananan jinin jinin jini) ciki har da farfadowa, gajiya, hanzarin zuciya, da rashin ƙarfi.
- Kwayoyin cututtuka da suka shafi laukopenia ko neutropenia (ƙananan ƙananan ƙidaya) ciki har da zazzaɓi da alamun kamuwa da cuta irin su tari ko zafi tare da urination
- Kwayoyin cututtuka da suka shafi thrombocytopenia (ƙananan platelet) ciki har da raunin zuciya, da jini mai tsanani.
Bincike da Bayani
Bayan sake maimaita aikin aikin aikinka don tabbatar da cewa kana da pancytopenia, mataki na farko shine sauko ne na kasusuwan kwayar halitta.
Rahoton kasusuwan maniyyi na kasusuwa zai iya ba likitan ku mai yawa bayanai.
Jiyya
Makasudin magance pancytopenia shi ne gano da kuma bi da mahimman abu. Idan ba a sani dalili ba, ko idan an sa ran shi, irin su tare da chemotherapy, magani yana nufin rage minuttuka da suka danganci rashi na jini. Wasu jiyya da za a iya amfani da sun hada da:
- Magungunan da ke taimakawa kasusuwan. Don maganin neutropenia da kuma wasu ƙananan cututtuka, za a iya amfani da abubuwan ci gaba Leukine, Neupogen, ko Neulasta don ƙarfafa jigilar jini. Domin anemia ya haifar da cutar shan-jijiyo , akwai wasu magunguna da za a iya la'akari.
- Rigar jini
- Magungunan immunosppressive idan sun kasance saboda yanayin mutum.
- Bone marrow dashi ko kara cell dashi .
Faɗakarwa
Maganar pancytopenia ya dogara ne akan hanyarsa. Abin godiya muna da maganin yanzu kamar jini da abubuwan da ke motsawa don taimakawa tare da raƙuman ƙwayoyin jini yayin da aka ƙayyade yanayin da ake bi da shi.
Layin Ƙasa
Akwai matsaloli masu yawa na pancytopenia, amma duk suna kawo hadari. Tare da pancytopenia kowane nau'in jini ya rage, ko da yake raguwa a wasu na iya zama damuwa fiye da sauran.
Misali: Dan ci gaba da pancytopenia-ƙananan jinin jini, da jini mai launin jini, da kuma takaddun shaida-bayan da yayi maganin warkar da cutar chemotherapy.
> Sources:
> Devitt, K., Lunde, J., da M. Lewis. Sabon Farko Pancytopenia a cikin Adult: Wani Binciken Ƙwararrun Harkokin Kwayoyin Halitta da Harkokin Kasuwanci da Laboratory Associated. Cutar sankarar bargo da Lymphoma . 2014. 55 (5): 1099-105.
> Miano, M., da kuma C. Dufour. Binciken da Kula da Aplastic Anemia: A Review. Jaridar Duniya na Harkokin Halitta . 2015. 101 (6): 527-35.
> Sharma, R., da G. Nalepa. Bincike da Gudanar da Tarihin Panycytopenia. Ilimin yara a cikin Review . 2016. 37 (3): 101-113.
> Weinzierl, E., da D. Arber. Bone Marrow Evaluation a New-farko Pancytopenia. Harkokin Halittar Mutum . 2013. 44 (6): 1154-64.
> Weinzierl, E., da D. Arber. Binciken Bambanci da Bone Marrow Evaluation na New-farko Pancytopenia. American Journal of Clinical Pathology . 2013. 139 (1): 9-29.