A Review of Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Definition
Labaran thrombocytopenia (ITP), wanda ake kira tsabtacin thrombocytopenic, ya zama yanayin da yaduwar jikinka ta jiki ya rushe kuma ya lalata kayan da ke dauke da ƙananan plalet ( thrombocytopenia ). Ana buƙatar takalma don yayyafa jini kuma idan ba ku da isasshen, za ku iya samun jini.
Bayyanar cututtuka na ITP
Kwayoyin cututtuka na ITP suna da alaƙa da ƙara yawan jini na jini saboda ƙimar karamar karamcin ka.
Duk da haka, mutane da yawa tare da ITP ba su da alamun bayyanar.
Hanciyar nama
Buga daga gums
Jubar da jini a cikin fitsari
Cutar jini mai tsanani da aka sani da manorrhagia
Petechiae - ƙananan dige jago na iya yi kama da raguwa amma suna da ƙananan jini a karkashin fata
Rawanci mai sauƙi - ƙwaƙwalwa zai iya zama babba kuma yana iya ji a ƙarƙashin fata
Ruwan jini a cikin bakin da ake kira purpura
Dalilin ITP
Bugu da ƙari, adadin takalmanka yana saukewa a ITP saboda jikinka yana sa kwayoyin da ke haɗuwa da platelets kuma ya nuna su ga hallaka. A lokacin da waɗannan talifin ke gudana ta wurin kwayar halitta (kwayar da ke cikin ciki wanda tace jini), ya gane wadannan kwayoyin cutar kuma ya rushe plalets. Har ila yau, samar da takaddun shaida zai iya ragewa. ITP yana tasowa bayan wani abu mai ban sha'awa, wani lokacin ma likitanku bazai iya sanin abin da wannan taron ya kasance ba.
Kwayoyin cuta: A cikin yara, ITP ana haifar da shi ta hanyar kamuwa da cutar bidiyo. Kwayoyin da ke dauke da kwayar cutar ta ke faruwa a mako guda kafin ci gaban ITP. Duk da yake tsarin na rigakafi ya sa magunguna suyi yaki da kamuwa da kwayar cutar ta hanyar kwatsam kuma ya sanya magungunan da ke hade da plalets.
Imuniyoyin rigakafi: ITP an hade shi da gudanar da maganin rigakafin MMR (kyanda, mumps, rubella). Kullum yana faruwa a cikin makonni 6 na samun alurar. Yana da muhimmanci mu gane cewa wannan abu ne mai ban mamaki da 2.6 lokuta ga dukkan kwayoyin MMR 100,000. Wannan haɗari ya fi ƙananan haɗarin tasowa na ITP idan kuna da cutar kyanda ko kyamara. Ƙananan jini yana da wuya a cikin waɗannan lokuta kuma sama da kashi 90 cikin dari na mutane za su sami shirin ITP cikin watanni 6.
Mutuwar da ake amfani da shi na Autoimmune: An dauke shi zuwa kwayar cutar ta jiki kuma yana hade da wasu cututtuka irin su lupus da rheumatoid arthritis. ITP iya gabatar da farko daga cikin wadannan yanayin likita.
Sanin asali na ITP
Kamar sauran cututtuka na jini kamar anemia da neutropenia , an gano ITP a cikakken ƙididdigar jini (CBC). Babu gwajin gwaji don ITP. Yana da ganewar asali na cirewa, ma'anar wasu mawuyacin abu sun ɓace. Gaba ɗaya, kawai ƙididdigar platelet din an rage a ITP; yawan ƙwayar jinin jini da hemoglobin al'ada ne. Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya yana iya samun platelets da aka bincika a karkashin wani microscope (wanda ake kira jini) don tabbatar da cewa an rage adadi a cikin adadin amma ya bayyana al'ada. A tsakiyar aikin, zaka iya samun wasu gwaje-gwaje don gudanar da ciwon daji ko wasu dalilai na ƙididdigar ƙananan platelet, amma wannan ba a koyaushe ake buƙata ba. Idan ana tunanin ITP shine abu na biyu a kan cutar ta asibiti, zaka iya gwadawa musamman don wannan.
Jiyya na ITP
A halin yanzu, lura da ITP yana dogara ne akan kasancewar jini bayyanar cututtuka fiye da takamaiman adadi. Manufar farfadowa shine dakatar da zub da jini ko kuma kawo plalet ɗin ƙidaya zuwa ga wani "hadari".
Ko da yake ba fasaha ba ne, mutanen da ke tare da ITP ya kamata su guji shan aspirin ko kuma maganin bugunan maganin ibuprofen kamar yadda waɗannan magunguna suka rage aiki na platelets.
Gano: Idan ba ku da alamun bayyanar zub da jini a yanzu, likitanku zai iya zaɓi ya kula da ku ba tare da bada magunguna ba.
Steroids: Steroids kamar methylprednisolone ko prednisone ne mafi yawan magani da ake amfani dasu don bi da ITP a dukan duniya. Magungunan ƙwayar cuta na rage yawan lalata takalma a cikin rami. Tumatir suna da tasiri sosai amma yana iya ɗaukar fiye da mako daya don ƙara yawan adadi.
IVIG: Rashin ciwo mai rikici na globulin (IVIG) wani maganin da aka sabawa ga lTP. An yi amfani dashi ne da marasa lafiya tare da zub da jini wanda suke buƙatar gaggawar tashi a cikin adadi na platelet. Ana gudanar da shi azaman jigilar jini (IV) a cikin sa'o'i da yawa.
WinRho: WinRho wata magunguna ne na IV da za a iya amfani dashi don ƙara yawan adadi a cikin mutane tare da wasu nau'in jini. Yana da sauri sauri fiye da IVIG.
Transfusion na Platelet: Siffar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ba koyaushe yana taimaka wa mutane tare da ITP amma ana iya amfani da su a wasu yanayi kamar idan kana buƙatar ɗaukar aiki.
Idan ITP ya ci gaba kuma bai amsa maganin farko ba, likita na iya bayar da shawara ga sauran jiyya kamar:
Splenectomy : A cikin ITP an kwashe plalets a cikin rami. Ta hanyar cire tsimin, za a iya ƙara yawan rai na plalets. Amfanin da kasada ya kamata a auna su kafin su yanke shawara don cire lambun.
Rituximab : Rituximab wata magani ce da ake kira anticlonal antibody. Wannan magani yana taimakawa wajen halakar da jinin jini wanda ke haifar da kwayoyin cutar kankara, wanda ake kira B-sel. Fata shi ne cewa lokacin da jikinka ya samar da sababbin kwayoyin B, ba za su sake yin antibody ba akan platelet.
Thrombopoietin agonists: Wasu daga cikin sababbin jiyya su ne thrombopoietin (TPO) agonists. Wadannan magunguna ne eltrombopag (na baka) ko romiplostim (subcutaneous); suna ta da kasusuwan ka don yin karin tallan.
Bambance-bambance a yara da manya
Yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa tarihin tarihin ITP ya bambanta a cikin yara da manya. Fiye da kashi 80% na yara da aka gano tare da ITP zasu sami cikakkiyar ƙuduri. Matasan da manya zasu iya samun ci gaba ta hanyar ITP wanda ke da mahimmanci wanda zai iya zama ko kuma ba zai bukaci magani ba.
> Source:
> CE Neunert, DL Yee. Rashin lafiya na Platelets. A: CD Rudolph, AM Rudolph, GE Lister, LR First da AA Gershon eds. Rudolph ta Pediatrics . 22nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill Medical, 2011.