An Bayani game da cutar
An kwantar da cututtukan jini a matsayin ƙananan fiye da adadin jinin jini (RBCs) ko haemoglobin, sunadaran da suke dauke da abin da ke dauke da iskar oxygen zuwa jikinka. Wasu lokuta mutane suna kallon anemia a matsayin "jinin jini."
Ma'anar anemia ya canza cikin rayuwa saboda yawan adadin RBCs ko haemoglobin sun canza yayin da muka tsufa. Jariri suna farawa tare da high hemoglobin / RBCs, sun ƙidaya cewa kadan ya rage a farkon shekara ta rayuwa.
Hemoglobin yana ƙaruwa sosai a tsawon shekaru har zuwa lokacin haihuwa lokacin da ta kai ga jakar al'ada na al'ada. Saboda sauyawar sauye-sauye a al'amuran al'ada a cikin yara, ya fi dacewa don tuntuɓar likitan ɗanku game da yanayin sa na gaba da abin da zai haifar da anemia.
A cikin manya, hawan haemoglobin na al'ada ya kasance daga 14 zuwa 17.4 g / dL cikin maza da 12.3 zuwa 15.3 g / dL cikin mata. RBC ya ƙidaya maza daga 4.5 zuwa 5.9 miliyan sel da microliters da 4.1 zuwa 5.1 Million Kwayoyin da microliters a cikin mata.
Matakan da ke ƙasa da waɗannan jeri za a ɗauka anemia. Za a iya bayyana cutar ta hanyar hematocrit, wadda ta nuna yawancin jinin jinin idan aka kwatanta da sauran kwayoyin jini.
Sanadin cututtuka
Akwai tushen asali guda uku na anemia:
1) Rage samar da jini na jini, wanda zai iya zama saboda:
- Raunin bitamin ko ma'adanai da ake buƙatar yin jini / hemoglobin. Mafi yawan su ne ƙarfe , fure, da bitamin B12.
- Kwayar cutar koda: Lokacin da kodan basu yi aiki daidai ba, basu iya samar da hormone da ake kira erythropoietin, wanda ake buƙata don tayar da samfurin jini.
- Cutar sankarar bargo: Kwayoyin leukemic da yawa a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa zasu iya rage ikonsa na yin yaduwar jinin jini (da jini ko jini).
- Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy yana kashe kyawawan kwayoyin halitta kamar ciwon daji, amma kuma yana lalata kwayar jikinsu a cikin kututtukan kasusuwan da ke haifar da jinin jinin (da jini da jini mai launin fata), da haifar da anemia har sai kwayoyin sutura zasu iya ci gaba da yin aiki.
- Raunin yawan da aka yi wa lalacewa: Cutar da ke shafi samar da jini a cikin kututture na kasuwa zai iya haifar da anemia. Wadannan sun hada da anemia na aplasti da kuma samfurin Black Black anemia . Ba abin ban mamaki ba ne ga waɗannan cututtuka don haifar da rage yawan kwayoyin jinin jini da platelets.
- Kwayar cuta: Mutanen da suke da ciwo na tsawon lokaci (lupus, arthritis na rheumatoid, da dai sauransu) ko cututtuka (tarin fuka, HIV) na iya bunkasa anemia. Wannan anemia yana faruwa ne saboda jiki ba zai iya karɓar ƙarfe ba ko amfani da iron da aka adana shi cikin jiki.
2) Rawan jini, wanda zai iya zama saboda:
- Yau lokaci menstrual ( menorrhagia )
- Cutar daga ƙwayar gastrointestinal na biyu a kan abubuwa kamar ciwon daji na ciwon sukari, jigilar cututtuka / ciwon ciki, ko cututtukan ƙwayar zuciya
3) Ƙarin lalata kwayoyin jinin jini (hemolysis), wanda zai iya zama saboda:
- Abinda aka haifa wanda ya canza tsarin tsarin haemoglobin ko jini na jini, irin su cututtukan ciwon sikila , thalassemia , ko tsinkayyar spherocytosis .
- Hakanan nakasa mai kwakwalwa , yanayin da tsarin rigakafinka ya samu rikicewa da kuma kai hare-hare ba daidai ba (da kuma lalata) jikin jinin ka.
Cutar cututtuka na ciwo
Idan anemia ta kasance mai sauƙi, ba za ka iya shawo kan kowane irin alamu ba. Yayin da anemia ke damuwa, bayyanar cututtuka na iya bayyana / ya zama karin bayani. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- Wuci ko gajiya
- Rashin rauni
- Kyakkyawar kamuwa da fata
- Dizziness ko lightheadedness
- Rafin zuciya mai sauri, wanda ake kira tachycardia
- Rawancin numfashi
- Jaundice (wasu nau'i na anemia haifar da yellowing na fata)
Diagnosing Anemia
An fara gwada cutar ta farko tare da cikakken jini ( CBC ) , wanda aka gudanar da gwajin jini. Wani lokaci ana gwajin wannan gwagwarmaya saboda kuna da ciwon alamun anemia; Wani lokacin anemia an gano shi ba zato ba tsammani lokacin da aka kaddamar da CBC zuwa labs na yau da kullum.
Kamfaninka na kiwon lafiya yana neman karuwa a hematocrit ko haemoglobin (ko žasa da yawa, yawan jinin jini).
Bayan gwada ku tare da anemia, likitanku zaiyi aiki akan ƙayyade dalilin. Za a iya nuna alamar farko na abin da ke haifar da anemia daga CBC, yayin da yake bada rahoto ƙarin bayani game da jinin jini, irin su girman (ma'anar ƙwayar corpuscular), bambanci a girman (rarraba rarraba salula), da ƙaddarawa na haemoglobin a cikin kwayoyin jinin jini (ma'anar haɗin haemoglobin corpuscular).
Girman jinin jininku, musamman, na iya samar da kyakkyawan bayani game da mahimmin asalin anemia. Idan ana la'akari da su ƙananan (microcytic), akwai kyakkyawar dama cewa rashin ƙarfin baƙin ƙarfe shi ne laifi. Kwayoyin jinin jini wadanda suke al'ada (normocytic) na iya nuna anemia na ƙonewa. Yawancin jini mai jini (macrocytic) za'a iya haɗuwa da rashin tausayi a cikin fure ko bitamin B12.
Sauran gwaje-gwaje biyu da aka haɗa da su a farkon aikin-aikin anemia sune ƙididdigar jini da jini .
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Tsariyar launin jini ne kwayoyin jinin "jariri" da aka saki daga kasusuwa. Lokacin da kake da anemia, yatsun kasusuwan ya kamata a kara samar da reticulocytes. Hanyoyin jini yana ba da damar likita ya dubi launin jinin a ƙarƙashin microscope. Halin jini yana ba da ƙarin bayani game da lambar, girman, da kuma siffar jinin jinin, wanda zai iya nuna ainihin asalin anemia.
Mai baka sabis na farko zai iya mayar maka da likitan ilimin likitan jini , likita wanda ya kwarewa cikin cutar jini, don sanin dalilin da ke dauke da anemia. Kila zamu ƙara ƙarin aikin jinin don tabbatar da dalilin alamar anemia.
Jiyya na cututtuka
Kamar maganganun anemia, akwai magunguna masu yawa. Yin magani da kake buƙatar ya dogara ne akan hanyar anemia. Jiyya sun haɗa da:
- Ƙari kamar ƙarfe, fure, ko bitamin B12
- Rigar jini
- Chemotherapy (idan ana cutar anemia ta hanyar ciwon daji)
- Splenectomy (m cire daga cikin spleen) don wasu siffofin hemolytic anemia
- Erythropoietin injections (ga mutanen da ke dauke da ciwon jini da cutar ta cutar)
- Magungunan kwayar cutar (don anemia mai haɗari na autoimmune)
Wasu nau'i na anemia ba su da wata mahimmin magani kuma yana iya rayuwa. Idan anemia ta haifar da rashin lafiya na kullum, yin maganin yanayin da zai iya inganta lafiyar ku.
Kalma Daga
Bayan karantar da ka anemia, yana da kyau ka tambayi: Mene ne ya sa shi? Me zan yi game da shi? Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa wasu alamu suna da sauƙin ganewa da kuma bi da su, kuma wasu na iya ɗaukan lokaci mai tsawo. Kada ka yi watsi da yadda kake ji ko ka ƙi kanka ga bayyanar cututtuka. Kasancewa da gaskiya tare da likitan ku kuma kuyi aiki tare domin ku ji mafi kyau.
> Sources:
> Alamomin PW. Amfani da Abun Turawa a cikin Adult da Yaro. A cikin: Hoffman R, Benz Jr. EJ, Silberstein LE, Heslop HE, Weitz JI da kuma An J J. Harkokin Halitta: Mahimman ka'idoji da Ɗabi'a . 6th Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2013.
> Sandoval C. Gabatarwa ga yaron da anemia. A: UpToDate, Post TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA, Schrier SL. Samun kusanci ga marasa lafiya da ciwon anemia. A: UpToDate, Post TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.