Halin Hanya na Magnetic Reshenance (MRI) ya dade yana da amfani ga binciko matsalolin kwakwalwa, kashin baya, gidajen abinci, da kuma sauran gabobin da ke tsaye. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, godiya ga sababbin hanyoyin, MRI yana tabbatar da amfani sosai wajen kimanta kwayoyin da suke motsawa - zuciya da manyan jini.
Menene MRI?
MRI wata fasaha ce wadda take amfani da gaskiyar cewa wasu kwayoyin nukiliya (a cikin wannan akwati, wanda ya haɗa da kwayar halitta wanda ke haifar da tsakiya)
Lokacin da hydrogen nuclei ya tashi saboda amsawa a canje-canje a fadin filin lantarki, suna fitar da wutar lantarki. Gidan MRI yana gano wannan makamashi, kuma ya canza shi zuwa hoto.
Ana amfani da kwayoyin hydrogen ne saboda samfurori hydrogen suna cikin kwayoyin ruwa (H2O), sabili da haka sun kasance a kowane jikin a jikin. Hotunan da MRI ke dubawa sune daidai ne kuma cikakkun bayanai. Tare da na'urori na MRI na yanzu, wadannan hotunan suna haifar da surori 3-D.
Kuma da zarar an samu hotunan 3-D MRI wannan hoton za a iya "sliced" kuma an bincika dalla-dalla, kuma a cikin kowane jirgin sama, kusan kamar yin aikin bincike a kan kwamfutar kwamfuta.
Har ila yau, ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin halittun hydrogen tsakanin sassa daban-daban na nama - bambance-bambance ya haifar, alal misali, ta bambancin jini ko kuma yiwuwar nama - ya ba da makamashi mai yawa. Wadannan bambance-bambance makamashi zasu iya wakiltar su ta launuka daban-daban akan nuna MRI.
Don haka, alal misali, MRI yana samar da hanyar da za ta iya gano wuraren sashin zuciya da ke da jini (kamar yadda yake cikin cututtukan cututtukan jini - CAD ) ko kuma abin da ya lalace (kamar yadda yake a cikin infarction na katolika ).
Abin da Miayan Cardiac MRI Zai Yi A yau?
Na gode da ci gaba da fasaha, MRI ya zama mai amfani a cikin kimantawa da yanayin daji na jini.
Ayyukan ci gaba da suka fi dacewa da MRI na zuciya sunyi amfani da fasaha, wanda ya kawar da yawancin kayan motsi wanda cutar ta motsa jiki ta haifar; da kuma yin amfani da gadolinium, wakili mai bambanci da aka zubar a cikin jini, wanda ke taimaka MRI ya bambanta wasu hanyoyin sarrafa jiki a cikin zuciya da jini.
MRI yana da amfani a yau don kimanta yanayin da ya biyo baya:
Cututtukan cututtuka: Na gode da ainihin hotuna da za a iya samarwa, MRI ya sauya nazarin cututtukan cututtuka na aorta. Wadannan sun hada da anortysm aortic , dissection aortic , da haɗin gwiwa . MRI dubawa ya zama kayan aiki na yau da kullum da kuma kusan bawa wanda ba zai iya ba da taimako ga gyaran gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare na rashin lafiya ba.
Cututtuka na Myocardial: MRI zai iya taimakawa wajen kwatanta dabi'a da harkar cututtukan zuciya (myocardium), irin su cardiomyopathy . Zai iya taimakawa wajen tantance ko cutar ta zubar da cututtuka ta haifar da ischemia , flammation, fibrosis, ko wani tsari kamar amyloid ko sarcoid . MRI kuma zai iya taimakawa wajen kimanta irin yanayin da ake ciki na cardiomyopathy .
Ɗaya daga cikin amfani da MRI na zuciya wanda ke samun karfin zuciya shine a cikin kimantawa na "myocardium na hibernating," ƙwayar zuciya wadda ke dauke da cututtukan cututtukan jini wanda ya mutu, amma wanda yana da damar dawo da aikin bayan ya wuce aikin tiyata.
Abubuwa iri iri na kwayoyin halitta: MRI kuma iya ganowa kuma yayi kama da ƙwayar zuciyar zuciya. Kuma a cikin yara masu fama da cutar cututtuka, MRI zai iya taimakawa wajen ganewa da kuma warware matsaloli daban-daban, da kuma tsara yiwuwar magancewa.
Cututtuka da dama. MRI zai iya taimakawa wajen auna ƙaddamar da hadari , da kuma yin la'akari da pericarditis .
Abubuwan da ake amfani da shi na yau da kullum na MRI Cardiac
Yawancin aikace-aikace na MRI na zuciya suna nazarin da ya kamata ya inganta amfani da wannan fasaha har ma da kara.
Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- Gano ciwon ciwo na jijiyoyin jini (ACS) . MRI yana da damar taimakawa wajen tabbatar da ganewar asibiti na ACS lokacin da mutum yana da ciwo na kwakwalwa, don haka farfado zai iya farawa da sauri.
- Binciken maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin cuta. Amfani da MRI don ganin hotunan na jini yana yiwuwa, amma akwai iyakoki da dama da suka hana yin amfani da shi a yau. MRI yana da cikakkiyar ganewa a gano suturruka a cikin ɓangarorin da suka fi girma na suturar jijiyoyin jini, amma ko dai bacewa ko a kan maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin ƙananan sassa. Sabbin na'urorin fasaha suna cikin ci gaban da ya kamata inganta wannan sakamakon.
- Bincike da ciwon zuciya na zuciya X (cututtukan cututtuka na jijiyoyin jini) . An yi amfani da MRI don gano jini marar haɗari ga sassan zuciyar tsohuwar jiki, duk da rashin "CAD" na hali. Wannan binciken ya ba da shaida mai kyau cewa ciwon zuciya na x yana samuwa.
Menene Amfanin Amfanin MRI?
- MRI yana da yiwuwar maye gurbin akalla gwaje-gwaje na kwakwalwa huɗu: ƙwaƙwalwar echocardiogram , MUGA scan , thallium scan , da kuma catheterization zuciya cardiac .
- MRI ba ya haɗa da yad da marasa lafiya ga radiation (yiwuwar cutarwa).
- Hotunan da MRI ta samar sune cikakke, cikakkun bayanai da kuma ainihin - fiye da sauran gwaje-gwaje na hoto na zuciya.
Mene ne rashin amfani da MRI?
- Da yake sanya shi a cikin na'urar bincike ta MRI zai iya haifar da mahimmanci a cikin kashi 5% na marasa lafiya.
- Zai yi wuya a saka idanu ga marasa lafiya yayin da suke cikin hotunan MRI - alal misali, ECG yana da muhimmanci sosai - don haka wannan fasaha bai dace da marasa lafiya marasa lafiya ba.
- Marasa lafiya tare da wasu nau'o'in na'urorin lafiya kamar su masu haɗari , waɗanda ba su da ƙarancin wuta da wasu kayan kwakwalwa na wucin gadi bazai iya samun MRI lafiya ba. Duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an fara bunkasa aikin gyaran fuska wanda ya ba da izinin gyaran MRI.
- Hoton MRI ya zama gurbata ta ƙarfe, don haka hoton zai iya zama suboptimal a cikin marasa lafiya tare da shirye-shiryen bidiyo ko tsutsa, alal misali.
- Kayan fasahar MRI da ke da tsada da tsada. Don MRI ya zo ƙarƙashin amfani mai yawa, farashin zai sauko sosai.
Sources:
Lima, JA, Desai, MY. Fasaha na jijiyoyin kwakwalwa na jijiyoyin jini: aikace-aikace na yanzu da aikace-aikace. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 1164.
Kramer CM, Barkhausen J, Flamm SD, et al. Tsarin maganganu na kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa ta nakasassu na zuciya (CMR), al'umma don kare mutuncin jijiyoyin zuciya: kwamitocin kwamitocin aiki a kan ka'idodin daidaito. J Jigo na Cardiovasc Magnon 2008; 10:35.
Kwalejin Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwanci na Amirka na Takardun Shawarar Kwararru, Hundley WG, Bluemke DA, et al. ACCF / ACR / AHA / NASCI / SCMR 2010 kan takardun yarjejeniya akan magungunan kwakwalwa na zuciya: wani rahoto na Kwalejin Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Amirka game da Takardun Shaida. Yanayi 2010; 121: 2462.