Ra'ayin Rashin Muryar Na'ura Mai Ruwa Baza, Rage Hasarin Mutuwar Mutuwa
Cigar da aka yi amfani da shi - wanda ake kira dila-dillar defibrillator cardioverter (ICD) - wata na'urar kiwon lafiya ne wanda ke kulawa da ƙwaƙwalwar zuciyarka kuma yana ba da magani na ceton rayukan kai tsaye ba zato ba tsammani ya kamata ka zubar da zuciya mai kwakwalwa wanda aka sani da fibrillation ventricular da ventricular tachycardia . An bayar da shawarar ga ICDs ga mutanen da aka sani cewa suna da mummunan haɗari na mutuwa ta kwatsam daga kamawar zuciya .
Mene ne Yayi Yayi Yayi?
Yawancin ICDs sun ƙunshi wani nau'i mai mahimmanci, ƙananan wuta, wanda aka saka a cikin ƙananan fata, a ƙarƙashin murƙushewar murƙushe, kuma biyu ko uku "take jagoranci" (ma'ana) waɗanda suke haɗe da janareta. Ana amfani da wayoyi ta hanyar jini mai kusa da wuri kuma an sanya su zuwa wasu wurare a cikin zuciya.
Hoton a wannan shafin yana kwatanta girman girman jigilar ICD zuwa kwata.
Kwanan nan, an kirkiro ICD na kashin ciki, wanda aka sanya jigon jigilar jigilar halittar ta ƙarƙashin fata, kuma ba a cikin jini da zuciya ba. Wannan sabon nau'i mai banƙyama na ICD yana da amfani mai yawa, da wasu rashin amfani, idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun ICD. Wannan talifin yana magance kawai ICDs na al'ada, amma zaka iya karanta game da ICD a karkashin hanyar.
Kwamfutar ICD yana dauke da baturi, hade-haɗe, kwamfuta da sauran kayan lantarki masu mahimmanci. Masu jagoranci suna watsa sakonnin lantarki na ƙananan zuciya (sakonni wanda ke kula da zuciya) a cikin janareta, inda za'a bincikar su akai-akai.
Idan an gano cutar arrhythmia mai haɗari, ICD ta biyo baya ta hanyar tacewa ko kuma bata zuciyar ta hanyar kaiwa.
Me Yayi Cikin ICD?
Babban aiki na ICD shine ya hana mutuwa daga zuciya ta zuciya daga cututtukan zuciya da tachycardia ventricular ko ventricular fibrillation.
An ICD zai gano kwatsam na waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma a cikin 10 zuwa 20 seconds za ta atomatik da isar da wutar lantarki mai girma (wato, abin damuwa) zuwa zuciya, wanda ya dakatar da arrhythmia kuma ya ba da damar zuciya ta al'ada ya dawo.
ICDs suna da tasiri. Idan an gina shi yadda ya dace, ICD mai kyau zai dakatar da waɗannan maganganu na rayuwa fiye da 99% na lokaci.
Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da girgizar da ke hana dakatar da zuciya, ICDs na iya aiki a matsayin masu fashi. Pacemakers suna amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar wutar lantarki don tada zuciya don ta doke lokacin da zuciya ta ragu sosai. (Lura: yanayin ɓangaren na ICDs mai ƙuntatawa yana da iyakance - wannan yana daya daga cikin rashin amfani da waɗannan na'urori masu banƙyama.)
A wasu marasa lafiya, aikin aikin bugun jini na ICDs za'a iya amfani dashi don dakatar da jigilar tachycardia ventricular (amma ba ventricular fibrillation), saboda haka guje wa buƙatar yin bala'i. A ƙarshe, wasu ICDs na iya samar da magunguna na reshen ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya (CRT) , wanda zai iya inganta bayyanar cututtuka a cikin mutanen da suke da ciwon zuciya .
Duk ICDs "mai yiwuwa ne," wanda ke nufin cewa tare da na'ura mai tsarawa na musamman wanda yake magana da ICD ba tare da wata magana ba, likita zai iya sauya hanyar da na'urar ta ke yi a kowane lokaci ana bukatar gyarawa.
Amma yayin da ICDs na iya yin dukkan wadannan abubuwa daban-daban, ayyukansu shine ya hana mutuwar zuciya ta kwakwalwa a cikin mutanen da ke cikin haɗari ga ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya.
Ta yaya aka sanya ICD?
An yi amfani da tiyata don aiwatar da ICD a matsayin wanda ba shi da kishi, kuma yawancin likita ne yake yin amfani da ita, ta hanyar yin amfani da maganin rigakafi a gida, a cikin kwakwalwa na catheterization cardiac.
An sanya karamin ƙira a ƙarƙashin murƙushewa, kuma an saka masu jagora kuma a sanya su cikin zuciya ta amfani da flouroscopy (x-ray "bidiyon") a matsayin jagora. Sa'an nan kuma masu jagorancin suna haɗe da jigidar ICD; An sanya janareta a ƙarƙashin fata; kuma an rufe maɓallin.
Da zarar an gina ICD, likita na iya jarraba na'urar don tabbatar da cewa zai yi aiki kamar yadda aka tsara, idan kuma lokacin da aka kama zuciya ta zuciya. Ana yin hakan ta hanyar sa mai haƙuri ya zama barci mai zurfi tare da wani abu mai sassaucin ra'ayi, sa'an nan kuma ya haifar da arrhythmia kuma ya bar ICD ya gano da kuma dakatar da arrhythmia ta atomatik.
Tsarin shigarwa yana daukan kimanin awa daya ko haka, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta mai haƙuri zai iya koma gida a wannan rana.
Mene Ne Ya Biyo Kamar Kamar Cikin ICD?
Bayan an gina ICD, likita zai ga likitan a cikin hudu zuwa shida makonni don tabbatar da tsabtace shafin. Tsarin lokaci mai tsawo yana buƙatar ofisoshin ziyara sau biyu zuwa sau hudu a kowace shekara. A duk lokacin da aka ziyarta, ICI ba ta da "tambaya" ta hanyar amfani da mai shiryawa. Wannan tambayoyin ya ba likita bayani mai kyau akan yadda ICD ke aiki, matsayin batirin, matsayi na jagora kuma ko kuma sau nawa ICD yana buƙata don maganin farfadowa - duka farfadowa da farfadowa.
Yawancin ICD na zamani suna da damar aikawa irin wannan bayani ga likita daga gida, ta hanyar intanet. Wannan fasalin "layi na nesa" ya ba likita damar nazarin ICD ta mutum a duk lokacin da ake buƙata, ba tare da ya bukaci mai haƙuri ya zo ofishin ba.
Karin bayani akan ICDs:
Sources:
Russo AM, Stainback RF, Bailey SR, et al. ACCF / HRS / AHA / ASE / HFSA / SCAI / SCCT / SCMR 2013 sharuddan dacewa da magungunan cardioverter-defibrillators da magungunan ciwon zuciya na zuciya: rahotanni na Kwalejin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Amirka ya dace da amfani da ma'auni, Ƙungiyar Rhythm Society, Zuciya ta Amurka Ƙungiyar, Ƙungiyar Amincewa da Ƙasa ta Amirka, Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Zuciya na Amirka, Ƙungiyar Harkokin Tsarin Hoto da Tsarin Hoto da Lafiya, Ƙungiyar Tomography, da Ƙungiyar Jama'a ta Tsarin Hoto. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: 1318.