Bincike na Mahimmanci Kashe Hanyar zuwa Gudun Maimaitawa
Warkar da aikin aiki shine maganganun shaida wanda za'a iya kiyaye kwayar cutar ta HIV ba tare da yin amfani da magunguna ba. Yayinda yake tsayayya da maganin alurar rigakafi , wanda za'a iya kawar da kwayar cutar HIV daga jiki, magani yana aiki tare da layin gyarawa wanda kwayar cutar bata iya haifar da rashin lafiya ko da har yanzu cutar ta ci gaba da kasancewa.
An yi babban sha'awa sosai kuma kusan dukkanin rikici da ke kewaye da yiwuwar magani. Françoise Barré-Sinoussi , wanda ya gano cutar ta HIV, ya bayyana a shekara ta 2013 cewa ta amince da cewa za'a iya gano wannan magani "a cikin shekaru 30 masu zuwa." Ya bambanta, Robert Gallo (wanda aka ladafta shi da gano cutar HIV) ya ɗauki batun ba daidai ba kuma ya yi imanin cewa sassan ka'idar "ba za su iya aiki ba."
Yaya Cure Aiki zai iya aiki
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsaloli da ke fuskantar masu bincike shine kwayoyin halitta da kyallen jikin mutum (wanda ake kira tafkuna na latent ) inda HIV zai iya jurewa ko da fuskar murfin hoto. An ɓoye a cikin wadannan tafkin cellular shine lambar kwayoyin cutar HIV, wadda tsarin rigakafi bai iya ganowa ba.
Tun da kwayar cutar ba ta yin maimaitawar hankula ba ne-amma an dauki shi sosai yayin da mahalarta ke yin amfani da kwayoyin cutar ta hanyar maganin cutar antiretroviral (tun bayan aikin antiretrovirals ta hanyar katse wani mataki a cikin tsarin kwayar cutar, kuma ba mai masaukin) ba.
Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa da aka bincika don magance wannan:
- Cire tafkuna masu tsabta. Wasu masanan kimiyya sun nuna cewa, ta hanyar motsawa tafki, HIV za a iya sake haifuwa da kuma fitar da su daga wuraren da suka ɓoye. Yin hakan yana iya ba da damar ART da sauran ma'aikata masu tsaurin kai don kawar da sabon kwayar cutar, wata hanyar da ake kira "kick-kill". Yawancin magunguna suna da ikon cire wadannan tafkiyoyi masu mahimmanci amma kwanan wata, kawai sashi. Sabbin magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi suna fatan samun ingantawa a kan waɗannan sakamakon.
- Jaddada jiki don samar da kwayoyin "kisa". Akwai nau'o'in sunadaran rigakafi, da ake kira 'yan ta'adda, waɗanda jiki ke samarwa don amsawa ga kamuwa da cuta. Wasu daga cikin wadannan suna da ikon magance cutar HIV. Matsalar ita ce kwayar cutar ta HIV ta shafe da sauri da cewa babu wani nau'i mai yawa na "kisa" don magance dukkan matsalolin. Amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masanin kimiyya sun gano cewa wasu, mutane da yawa suna da kwarewa na musamman (neutralisation of antibodies) (BnAbs) wanda zai iya kashe mummunan bambance-bambancen HIV. Masana kimiyya suna binciko hanyoyin da za su karfafa wadannan halayen yanayi, dabarun wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen cika alkawalin "kick-kill"
Shaida a goyan baya ga Cure
Duk da yake bincike a cikin magani na aiki ya kasance a kan tebur har tsawon shekaru, abubuwa uku da suka dace sun ba da tabbacin da aka samo asali.
Babban daga cikinsu shi ne wanda ya yi imani da cewa za'a "warke" cutar HIV a shekara ta 2009. Timothaus Brown ( Masanin Berlin) wani dan Amurka mai cutar HIV ne wanda ke zaune a Berlin wanda aka ba shi gwajin gwagwarmayar kwayar cutar don cutar da cutar sankarar barci. Likitoci sun zaba wani mai bayarwa mai sassauci tare da nau'i biyu na maye gurbin kwayar halittar da ake kira CCR5-delta-32, wanda aka sani don magance cutar HIV a cikin yawancin mutane .
An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da aka yi kwanan nan bayan da aka sassaukar da cewa kwayoyin cutar HIV a cikin jini ta Brown sun ragu zuwa irin waɗannan matakan don nuna cewa an kawar da kwayar cutar. Binciken biopsies na baya bai tabbatar da shaidar HIV ba a cikin duk abin da Brown yake da shi, yana goyon bayan da'awar cewa mutumin ya warke. Duk da yake an yi la'akari da haɗarin mutuwa a matsayin maɗaukaki don gano ɓangare mai launi na kasusuwan a matsayin wani zaɓi na curative, wannan lamari ya kasance ya ba da hujjar cewa magani ne, a gaskiya, zai yiwu.
A halin yanzu, wasu masana kimiyya sun gudanar da bincike kan ma'aikatan gwaje-gwaje da ke da ikon kawar da kwayar cutar HIV daga tafkuna masu tarin yawa.
Ɗaya daga cikin binciken farko da aka gudanar a Jami'ar North Carolina a shekara ta 2009 ya nuna cewa wani nau'i na magungunan da ake kira histone deacetylase (HDAC) masu hanawa na iya maganin cutar HIV a magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi da suka dace da jin dadi.
Duk da yake binciken da ya faru na baya ya nuna cewa yin amfani da wani wakili guda daya na HDAC zai iya ba da damar sake dawowa, akwai wasu shaidun da za su nuna cewa hadewa na HDAC ko sababbin nau'o'in maganin maganin ciwon daji (wanda ake kira mahadar ingenol) zai iya ɗaukar rigar HIV daga ɓoyewarsu. dakunan tafki.
Hanyar Gaba
Kamar yadda yake da alamar cewa duk wani bincike zai iya zama alama, suna tada kamar yadda yawancin tambayoyi suke yi kamar yadda suke amsa amsoshi. Babban daga cikinsu:
- Shin za a kawar da kwayar cutar HIV daga tafkiyoyinta ya isa ya tabbatar da cewa kwayar cutar ba ta sake tanadar tafki a guda (ko wasu) ba?
- Yaya muhimmin mahimmanci na kawar da kwayoyin cuta ya zama magani na aikin da aka ba da cewa kwarewar wani mai cutar guda ɗaya irin wannan shine ilimin tauhidi a mafi kyau?
- Yaya za mu iya kasancewa cewa wannan baturar kwayar cutar ba zai faru ba kamar yadda ya faru da jaririn jaririn Mississippi da kuma sauran ƙoƙarin da ya kasa?
Duk da yake mun bayyana cewa hanya ne mai kyau, yana da muhimmanci a duba binciken tare da tsaro mai tsaro. Ko da yake masana kimiyya na ci gaba da buɗe asirin da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, babu wani daga cikin wadannan ci gaba ko da ya nuna cewa dokokin game da rigakafin da maganin HIV sun canza.
Idan wani abu, aka ba da shaida cewa ganowa da kuma safarawa da wuri sune mahimmanci don maganin warkar da su, to lallai yana da muhimmanci don kasancewa a hankali shine, watakila, ya fi muhimmanci fiye da kowane lokaci.
Sources:
> Hütter, G .; Nowak, D .; Mossner, M .; et al. "Tsarin Mulki na CCR5 Delta32 / Delta32 Stem-Cell Transplantation." New England Journal of Medicine. Fabrairu 12, 2009; 360: 692-698.
> Archim, N. Espeseth, A; Margolis, D .; et al. "Magana game da kwayar cutar HIV da ke da kwayar cutar HIV mai dauke da cutar mai suna Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid." Cibiyar Nazari na Human Research na Human Retroviruses. Fabrairun 2009; 25 (2): 207-212.
> Sáez-Cirión, A; Bacchus, C. Hocqueloux, L ;; et al. "Masu kula da maganin HIV-1 da maganin cutar HIV-1 tare da Tsare-tsaren Tsarin Tsaro na Tsayawa Da Tsayawa Bayan Tsayawa Bayan Kashewar Saurin Ƙaddamar Da Ciwon Nazarin Harkokin Cutar Kwayoyin Kwayoyin cuta na ANRS VISCONTI." PLoS Pathology. Maris 14, 2013; 0 (3): e1003211.
> Jiang, G .; Mendes, E .; Kaiser, P .; et al. "Magance da aka yi da maganin kututtukan HIV da Ingenol-3-Angelate, PEP005, NF-kB da aka ƙaddamar a cikin Haɗuwa tare da JQ1 An yi amfani da p-TEFb Activation." PLoS Pathogens. Yuli 30 2015; DOI: 10.1371 / journal.ppat.1005066.