Masana kimiyya "horar da" ba sa kwayoyin halitta don yin tasiri
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu bincike sun fi mayar da hankali ga hanyoyin da ba su dace da maganin rigakafi ba don magance cutar HIV , inda tsarin jiki na jikin kansa ya kai ga kare lafiyar cutar. A yawancin mutane, ikon jiki na kare kansa ya wanzu a tsawon lokaci kamar yadda ake kira "killer", wanda ake kira CD, + T-cell , ya rasa haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwar su na gane cutar ta hanzari.
Don magance matsaloli, kwayar cutar HIV tana da ikon yin hanzari da sauri a cikin abin da ake kira jiragen ruwa na latse-wuraren da suke ɓoyewa na cellular-inda za ta ci gaba da ci gaba har tsawon shekaru har ma da shekarun da suka gabata har ma a kan hanyar maganin cutar antiretroviral (ART).
Don kawar da kwayar cutar HIV daga jiki, masana kimiyya ba wai kawai su saki kwayar cutar HIV ba daga waɗannan wurare amma su kashe su tare da wasu mazabar kullun ko kuma ta hanyar haifar da amsawa (ko duka biyu). Ko da yake masu binciken suna binciko sababbin hanyoyin da zasu iya haifar da cutar HIV a fili, har yanzu ba mu gano yadda za a kashe cutar ba idan an sake shi.
Masana kimiyya a Makarantar Kimiyya na Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, jagorancin babban jami'in binciken Robert Siciliano, MD, Ph.D., bai bayyana kawai dalilin da yasa wannan abu ya faru ba amma sun bada shawara kan wata hanyar da zata iya bude kofa don samar da maganin alurar rigakafin da zai iya kawar da lingering kyamaran hoto.
Misali na 'T-Cells Killer' 'Kwalejin'
A cikin binciken su, Siciliano da ƙungiyar sun bayar da rahoton cewa sabon cutar HIV ne sau da yawa ana maye gurbinsa don kada a gane su a CD8 + T-cell. Sun yi imani da cewa ta hanyar "horo" wadannan kwayoyin karewa don su fi dacewa su kashe su kuma su kashe rayukan kwayar cutar ta CD4 + wadanda zasu iya wanke jiki na kwayar cutar HIV ko, a kalla, sarrafa iko cutar ba tare da amfani da magunguna ba.
Masu bincike sun fara ne ta hanyar daukar samfurin jini daga 25 marasa lafiya HIV, wadanda 10 suka fara ART a cikin watanni uku na kamuwa da cuta kuma wanda ya fara farawa a baya yayin da ake ci gaba da kamuwa da cuta lokacin da alamun farko da bayyanar cutar ta fara bayyana.
Ba abin mamaki bane, wadanda suka fara ART sun fara da cutar HIV ba tare da yaduwar cutar ba, yayin da wadanda suka fara daga baya sun kasance sunada maye gurbin su "sun tsere" wanda ya ba da damar gina jiki mai gina jiki don rufe kansa daga ganewa. Duk da haka, abin da Siciliano da masu bincike suka iya gano shi ne cewa duka marasa lafiya da cutar HIV sun ci gaba da kasancewa wani ɓangaren ƙwayar su na gina jiki. Ta hanyar ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin CD na CD8 + don gane wannan alamar "furotin", "masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa tantanin halitta zai iya ci gaba da magance cutar.
A cikin nazarin nazarin in vitro , masu binciken sun fara samo kwayoyin tarin T daga marasa lafiya kuma sun nuna su zuwa kwayar cutar HIV ko kuma hadewa da ƙwayoyin cututtukan da ke dauke da kwayoyin cutar ta kwayoyin cutar HIV. An samo samfurin din daga bisani daga kamuwa da kwayoyin T-CD4 + da kwayoyin cutar HIV dauke da kwayar cutar HIV da aka sani don samun maye gurbin. Bayan nazarin sakamakon, Siciliano da ƙungiyar sun gano cewa kwayoyin T-rayukan da aka fallasa ga kwayoyin cutar ta kwayar cutar da kwayoyin cutar HIV ba su iya kashe 63% na kwayoyin kamuwa da cutar yayin da wadanda ke nunawa kwayar cutar HIV sun iya kashe 23% kawai.
Sai masu binciken suka binciko samfurin a cikin ƙwayoyi masu juyayi (watau 'yan ƙwayar ƙwayayyen kwayar halitta da za su samu amsawar kare dan Adam) wanda kowanne ya kamu da kwayar cutar HIV. Lokacin da ƙananan ƙwayoyin suka fara ci gaba daga baya-mataki, cutar cututtuka kuma an yi musu allura tare da ɗaya ko wasu "samfurori" T-cell samfurori samfurori, sakamakon shine iri ɗaya. Dukkan wadanda suka karbi kwayar T-rayukan da aka yiwa kwayar cutar ta HIV kawai sun mutu. Wadanda suka karbi kwayoyin T wadanda aka fara amfani da su tare da kwayar cutar ta HIV da suka kamu da kwayar cutar ta haifar da zurfi, sau da yawa sun sauke nauyin kamuwa da kwayar cutar , tare da wasu ƙuntatawa zuwa cikakkun matakan da ba a iya gani ba.
Nazarin Johns Hopkins na samar da hujjoji mai mahimmanci wanda zai iya haifar da hanyar sabuwar sabuwar hanyar kawar da cutar HIV ko kulawa.
Sources:
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Buggert, M .; Tauriainen, J; Yamamoto, T; et al. "T-bet da Eomes An danganta su da dama ga Phenotype na CD8 T Cells a cikin HIV kamuwa da cuta." PLoS | Pathogens . Yuli 17, 2014; 10 (7): Doi: 10.1371 / journal.ppat.1004251.
Kitchen, S .; Jones, N. LaForge, S .; et al. "CD4 a kan CD8 (+) T kwayoyin T suna inganta aikin ingantaccen aiki kuma shine manufa ga cutar HIV." Ci gaba da Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta {asar Amirka. 2004; 101: 8727-8732.
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