A jinkirin fara amma yanzu gagarumin cigaba da kuma bege
Kowaneku yana da labarinka game da yadda MS ya kulla hanyarsa zuwa rayuwarka ko ƙaunataccen ka da kuma yadda wannan ya shafi dangantakarka, imani, da kuma jin daɗinka. Magungunan sclerosis ma yana da labarin kansa - wanda ya zama abin ƙyama kamar bayyanar cututtukan da ya haifar da hargitsi da yake shawo kan rayuwarmu.
Ta hanyar rarraba labarin labarin sclerosis, za ku iya sa zuciya ga yadda muka fahimci wannan cuta mai tsanani-musamman a cikin shekaru 20 da suka wuce-har ma ya ba ku haske game da abin da zai iya zuwa.
Labarun Farko na Ƙwararrun Sclerosis
Daya daga cikin rahotanni na farko na sclerosis da aka rubuta a cikin tarihin Vatican a karni na 14. A cikin tarihin, an kwatanta alamomi na Saint Ludwina na Schiedam bayan da ta samu raguwa tun daga lokacin da yake da shekaru 16.
Ta karɓa daga ɓangaren lokaci amma ya ci gaba da samun ciwon rauni na rauni, matsalolin hangen nesa, da rashin daidaituwa. Abin sha'awa shine, firist na Ikklesiya ya nuna cewa wannan rashin lafiya ya fito ne daga Allah, don haka Lissafin Lissafi ya ba ta manufa ta jimre wa bayyanar cututtuka saboda kare wasu.
Bayan kimanin shekaru 300 daga baya, bayanan da aka ba da shawara game da MS an same su a cikin mujallar Sir Augustus Frederick d'Este, jikan Sarki George III na Ingila. Ya rubuta game da tsarin cututtuka na sake komawa baya wanda ya sami damuwa da cutar ta jiki kamar yadda matsalolin hangen nesa (wanda ya yi la'akari da shi neuritis ), hangen nesa guda biyu, rauni na rauni, da matsalolin daji da kuma mafitsara.
Ya kuma bayyana wani ci gaba mai tsanani, wanda ya bar shi kwanciya har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1848 a shekara 54.
A shekara ta 1824, Dokta Charles-Prosper Ollivier d'Angers ya ruwaito bayanin farko na asibiti na MS. A cikin aikinsa na rubuce, ya bayyana wani ɗan shekara 17 mai shekaru 17 wanda ya fuskanci matsalolin matsalolin tafiya da kuma mafitsara da suka kara tsanantawa ta hanyar yin tasiri ga wani wuri mai zafi-yanzu da ake kira Uhthoff .
Magungunan Sclerosis Mafi Girma ne
A shekara ta 1868, Jean-Martin Charcot, wani likitan ne daga Paris, ya yi nazari kan wata matashi tare da rawar jiki, maganganu masu ruɗi, da kuma hankalin ido (mai suna nystagmus ). Lokacin da matar ta mutu, sai ya binciki kwakwalwarsa a autopsy kuma ya bayyana " plaques " na sclerosis mai yawa, wanda aka sani da tsoka.
Bayan haka, a cikin jerin laccoci, Charcot ya bayyana kuma ya bayyana magungunan sclerosis da kuma kimiyya a baya da shi-yadda satar da ke kewaye da filaye na jijiya ya lalace. Duk da haka, duk da haka, "abin da ya sa" baya bayan MS ko yadda za a bi da shi.
Yanzu mun sani cewa tsarin rigakafi shine mai laifi a lalacewar myelin a cikin MS. Duk da haka, a lokacin Charcot, mutane ba su san MS ba wata cuta ne wanda ba a magance cutar ba ko kuma tsarin rigakafi ya wanzu.
Kodayake MS sun ji kunya da masana kimiyya da likitoci, an gane shi a matsayin cututtuka daban-daban a shekara ta 1878. A wannan lokacin, masana kimiyya sun fara lura da wasu nau'ikan MS wadanda suke da siffofin mahimmanci yau, kamar:
- MS yafi kowa a cikin mata fiye da maza.
- MS wata cuta mai sauƙi (ma'ana mutane tare da MS suna da alamun bayyanar cututtuka).
- Yanayin (baya ga kwayoyin halitta) yana taka rawar gani ko ko mutum ya haɓaka MS.
- MS yafi kowa a cikin mutanen da ke zaune a arewacin arewa.
Duk da yake an ci gaba da ingantaccen fahimtar MS, har yanzu akwai rashin ci gaba a cikin maganin MS. A gaskiya ma, kana iya mamakin koyon wasu hanyoyin gwajin gwajin da aka yi amfani dasu don magance mutanen da ke da MS (wanda basu aiki):
- jini bar
- hanyoyi zuwa temples
- nama nama
- arsenic
- wutar lantarki
- injections na zinariya da azurfa
An gano Misalin Dabba na MS na MS
Rashin magunguna na MS wanda yafi ƙarfafa masana kimiyya da bincike game da MS ya ci gaba. Sa'an nan kuma Ƙungiyar Bincike a Nashin Ƙunƙwasawa da Matuci (ARNMD) da aka kafa a shekarar 1921, ya ba da damar yin nazari da bincike a kan MS don bunkasa daga shekaru 50 da suka gabata.
Wani babban bincike ya faru a 1935 lokacin da Dokta Thomas Rivers a birnin New York ya samo samfurin dabba na MS, wanda ake kira gwajin gwaji mai kwakwalwa ta mutum (EAE). Ya yi haka ta hanyar maganin dabbobi tare da maganin da ke da lafiya da kuma samar da wata cuta ta hanyar rigakafi a kan abin da ke da nasaba.
Hanyoyin EAE sun zama babban ginshiƙan a cikin bincike na MS. A gaskiya ma, an fara gwada jiyya a EAE kafin a jarraba su. Wannan samfurin dabba kuma ya haifar da ra'ayin cewa MS wani cuta ne wanda ba a magance cutar ba-ko da yake wannan jigilar ba za a ƙirƙira shi ba har zuwa 1950.
Shawara da bincike a Multiple Sclerosis
A 1945, wata mace mai suna Sylvia Lawry ta gabatar da wani talla a New York Times (dan'uwana Biliyaminu yana da MS) yana furtawa "Magungunan sclerosis: wanda zai sami damar dawowa daga gare shi, sai a yi magana da haƙuri."
Yawancin amsoshin sunyi wahayi zuwa gare ta don fara ƙungiyoyi na masanan injuna 11 da sauran masu bada shawara da abokai, wanda ake kira MS Society. Dokar Lawry ta ha] a hannu da {ungiyar {asashen Waje na {asa ta {asa, ta haifar da kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon Kwayoyin Tsaro ta {asa da kuma Tashi a 1950.
Tare da samuwar wadannan kungiyoyin masu tasiri, bincike kan MS ya bunƙasa. Ga wasu binciken da ra'ayoyin binciken da suka samo asali a tsakiyar shekarun 1900:
- da abun da ke ciki na myelin da kuma rawar da yake cikin sigina
- dangantakar dake tsakanin tsarin kwayar cutar mutum da ƙwaƙwalwar su da kuma kashin baya (kuma MS shine cutar marar lafiya)
- da gano magungunan oligoclonal a cikin ruwa na asali na mutane tare da MS
- ra'ayin cewa cutar zata iya faɗakarwa ko kuma shiga cikin ci gaban MS
- da gano kwayoyin da aka danganta da MS
- Tsarin sharuɗɗa don gano zancen MS
Duk da haka, a wannan lokacin, ba a yi nazari kan kwayoyin MS ba a kimiyyar, ma'ana an samo su daga ra'ayi kuma ba bayanai daga nazarin ba. Alal misali, yawancin masana a wancan lokacin sunyi imanin cewa MS ya samo daga matsala ta jirgin jini, saboda haka mutane da MS sun bi da jini.
Nazarin Kimiyya na Farko ta MS
A ƙarshe, a shekarar 1969, an gudanar da bincike na farko a kan mutane tare da MS. A cikin binciken, mahalarta suna fama da mummunan aikin MS wanda aka samu ko ACTH ko placebo. ACTH wani nau'in hormone ne wanda glandon gwanin ya sake fitar da shi (ƙananan gland a cikin kwakwalwa). Yana kara samar da steroid, wanda ke aiki don kawar da tsarin rigakafin mutum
Sakamakon ya nuna cewa kungiyar da suka karbi ACTH tare da waɗanda suka karbi wuribo sun dawo da sauri daga hare-haren MS. Wannan binciken ya kasance mafi girma a bayyana cewa steroid zai iya rage mummunan wani MS sake dawowa . Da aka ce, magunguna ba su rage jinkirin MS ba.
Hoto na Multiple Sclerosis
Ayyukan bidiyon kayan aikin nan da nan ya bunkasa da ƙyale likitoci su fi kallon aikin cutar MS. Wadannan sun hada da farko na CAT a ƙarshen 1970s, sannan kuma bayanan mai yiwuwa , kuma daga ƙarshe, MRI sunyi amfani dashi a farkon shekarun 1980 don kallon kwakwalwar mutum da MS. Cibiyar fasahar ta MRI ta ci gaba da bunkasa gaba ɗaya kuma ta sake canza duka ganewar asali na MS kuma ta ƙayyade yadda mutumin yake amsawa ga magani.
Jiyya na Multi Sclerosis
Tare da cigaba da ci gaba a cikin hoto ya zama nazari kan hanyoyin kwantar da hankalin MS. Wadannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, wanda aka sani da magungunan cututtukan cututtuka , an gano su don rage lambar da kuma rashin lafiya na MS-duk da cewa ba a warkewarta ba MS ko hana bayyanar cututtuka kamar matsalolin ko matsalolin da suka zo da mutane tare da MS. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin sun hada da:
- An amince da magani na farko da aka yi amfani da cutar, wanda aka kira Betaseron (interferon beta-1b) a 1993. Abonex (interferon beta-1a), Rebif (interferon beta-1a), da Copaxone (glatiramer acetate) suka biyo baya.
- A shekara ta 2006, an yarda da farfadowa na farko don MS da aka kira Tysabri (natalizumab) .
- A shekarar 2010, an yarda da maganin MS na farko, wanda ake kira Gilenya (fingolimod), wanda ya ba da wani zaɓi ga mutanen da basu iya jure wa magunguna da ake buƙatar da za a allura su ko ga mutanen da MS ya ci gaba da tsananta ba tare da maganin kutsawa.
- Wannan ya biyo bayan yarda da magungunan magunguna guda biyu, Aubagio (teriflunomide) a 2012 da Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) a shekarar 2013.
- A shekara ta 2014, an yarda da wani magani na gyaran cutar da ake kira Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) ga mutanen da ke da maganin rashin dacewa ga magunguna biyu ko fiye da sauran cututtuka.
- A 2016, Zinbryta (daclizumab), an yarda da wani magani mai inject .
- A shekara ta 2017, an yarda Ocrevus (ocrelizumab) don kulawa ba kawai sifofin MS kawai ba amma har ma na farko MS-farko na MS don yin wannan, wanda yake karfafawa.
Future of Multiple Sclerosis
Makomar MS ta kasance mai haske, kamar yadda masana ke ci gaba da kyautatawa - tunatar da ilimin su kuma kara fadada ra'ayoyin bincike. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan sassan bincike a halin yanzu yana faruwa shi ne nazarin gyaran gyare-gyaren myelin. Yayinda hanyoyin kwantar da hankali a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata sun tsara manufar rigakafi da kuma yadda za'a iya hana lalacewar myelin, masana yanzu suna duban yadda kwakwalwa zata iya dawo da myelin sau daya an lalata shi-wani labari na gaske akan warkar.
Sauran ayyukan bincike mai ban sha'awa sun haɗa da rawar abinci, kwayoyin kwayoyi, bitamin D, da maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta a cikin MS. Har ila yau an yi la'akari da yadda yadda hanyoyin magance juna, kamar yoga, zai iya taimakawa mutum ya kula da alamun su mafi kyau.
A} arshe, masana sun gano hanyoyin da za su taimaka wa mutanen da MS ke rayuwa mafi dacewa. Daga magungunan gyaran da ke taimakawa mutane su karfafa ƙarfin ƙwayar murya bayan sake dawowa don gudanar da shirye-shiryen da zasu taimaki mutane su gajiyar da rashin lafiyan MS , mutane da yawa tare da MS da kuma ƙaunatattun su suna iya rayuwa tare da wannan cututtuka - aikin ƙwarai a kan kansa.
Kalma Daga
Labarin MS za ta ci gaba, a matsayin mai karkatacciyar hanya, hanya mai zurfi ta fahimtar wannan cuta mai rikitarwa da kuma dukkanin abubuwan da ke tattare da su da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin asiri. Amma ci gaba da aka yi a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata ba shi da yawa. Kuma tare da wannan, akwai begen-fata da wadanda ke shafar MS kowace rana kuma sun san cewa magani zai zo wata rana, idan ba a garemu ba, sai dai ga waɗanda suke bayanmu.
> Sources:
> Birnbaum, MD George. 2013. Mashahurin Sclerosis: Jagorar likita ga Bincike da Kulawa, Edition na 2. New York, New York. Oxford University Press.
> Murray TJ. Tarihin ƙwayoyin sclerosis: yanayin canza yanayin cutar a cikin ƙarni. J Neurol Sci. 2009 Feb 1; 277 Sada 1: S3-8.
> Ƙungiyar MS Society ta kasa. 2016. Magunguna-gyaran cututtuka na MS .
> Rolak LA. 2016. Ƙungiyar MS ta kasa: Tarihin MS: Gaskiyar Bayanan.
> Rolak LA. MS: Gaskiyar Bayanan. Clin Med Res . 2003; 1 (1): 61-62.