Sashe na baya na idanu ido ta hanyar rike siffar ido, riƙe da ruwan tabarau a wuri, da kuma haifar da kwakwalwa ga kwakwalwa daga kwayoyin photoreceptor a baya na idanu.
Rashin kwance , choroid (jijiyar kwaskwarimar ido), kuma jijiyar ninkin yana dauke da sashi na sashi na baya, tare da wasu cututtukan HIV da ke haɗuwa a cikin waɗannan sassan kwayoyin halitta, yawanci a cikin cutar HIV.
Rashin lafiya na sashi na baya-da farko da aka nuna da canji-canji-galibi-ana ganin su a cikin 50% zuwa 70% na marasa lafiya da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV , kuma yana iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga maƙarar (mai suna retinopathy).
Sauran cututtukan da ke cikin kwayar cutar HIV sun hada da:
- Cytomegalovirus (kuma aka sani da CMV)
- Toxoplasmosis (a na kowa da sauƙi daukar kwayar cutar parasitic kamuwa da cuta)
- Cryptococcosis (wani nau'in kwayar cutar HIV da ke da alaka da cutar ta HIV)
- Tarin fuka (TB)
Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) wata cuta ce wadda take shafar fiye da rabin yawan yawan mutanen da ke girma, da wuya gabatarwa tare da cututtukan da ke cikin wadanda ke da kwarewar tsarin jiki (banda lokaci-lokaci, tare da alamun ƙididdigar kama- karya). Yayinda yake saukowa daga uwa har zuwa yaro, ana iya watsa shi a cikin girma ta hanyar jima'i. Saboda haka, yawancin CMV tsakanin maza da suka yi jima'i da maza yana da kashi 90%, kamar yadda yake tare da mutanen da ke fama da cutar HIV.
CMV na iya gabatarwa a idanun hanyoyi da dama, ko da yake ya fi sau da yawa yana tare da wani lokacin da ake lalata ƙura, wanda aka sani kawai a matsayin retinitis. Kwayar cutar mafi sau da yawa yakan faru a marasa lafiya wanda CD4 ya ƙidaya a ƙasa 50 sel / mL kuma ya nuna bayyanar cututtuka daga jinkayen floaters zuwa asarar gani ko ma makanta.
Da zarar an gano magungunan CMV a kan dakatarwa, zasu iya ci gaba sosai, sau da yawa a cikin makonni. Idan ba tare da maganin likita ba, to lallai raunuka zasu iya cigaba da ci gaba (ƙuƙasawa waje daga tsakiya), da rage girman kullun kuma wani lokaci yakan haifar da asarar hangen nesa. Duk da yake CMV retinitis sau da yawa gabatar da bilaterally (a duka idanun), shi kuma iya gabatar da unilaterally (a daya ido).
Valganciclovir an dauke da miyagun ƙwayoyi na zabi don magani na CMV retinitis, wacce aka ba da izini a matsayin sau biyu a kowace rana yayin lokacin shigarwa, sannan kuma sau ɗaya na yau da kullum don lokacin kiyayewa. Ganciclovir kuma za'a iya tsara shi amma an kawo shi cikin hanzari, maimakon magana, har tsawon kwanaki 21.
A madadin, intravitreal ganciclovir implants-a zahiri, minti na injectable sanduna kai tsaye zuwa shafin na kamuwa da cuta-an wani lokacin saka a cikin ido. Sau da yawa ana amfani dashi a cikin lokuta na CMV retinitis, yana ba da izinin maganin maganin ƙwayoyi masu yawa a ciwon sanyi (gel mai haske wanda ya cika sarari a tsakanin ruwan tabarau da maido).
Toxoplasma
Toxoplasma ita ce mafi yawan abin da ke faruwa na retinochoroiditis (kamuwa da cututtuka da / ko choroid) a yawancin jama'a, kuma na biyu mafi yawan mutane a cikin kwayar cutar HIV.
Sakamakon daji na protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii , cutar tana shafar mutane fiye da 200,000 a Amurka a kowace shekara, kuma yana yaduwa ko dai ta jiki ko ta hanyar cin nama nama. Mafi sau da yawa hade tare da cats (ko da yake shi ne a cikin mutane da yawa da jini jinin halittu), tuntube tare da cat feces an kuma gani ya zama babban dalilin T. gondii watsa.
Lokacin da toxoplasmosis ke bugawa a ido, yana nunawa da launin rawaya-fari zuwa launi mai launin launin fata tare da kumburi na ci mutumci. Ana iya yin amfani da takaddun shaida tare da gwajin ido, tare da gwajin cutar jini wanda ke haifar da tabbatarwa ta hanyar serological.
A wasu lokuta ana amfani da kwayoyin steroid a yau da kullum don magance matsalolin toxoplasma retinochoroiditis, yayin da mafi yawan lokutta masu tsanani sukan saba da haɗin pyrimethamine, folinic acid da sulfadiazine. Ga mutanen da ke da ciwon cutar HIV, za a iya buƙatar magani na yau da kullum, sau da yawa tare da yin amfani da trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, wanda ake haɗuwa tare da shi.
Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcosis wani kamuwa da cuta ne da ke haifar da hawan iska, ƙananan neoformans na Cryptococcal , wanda za'a iya nunawa tare da meningitis (wani lokacin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar murfin da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa da kashin baya). Yawancin haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta suna tasowa a matsayin gabatarwar na biyu a yayin da ake fama da mummunar cututtuka na ƙwayoyin cryptococcal , musamman ma lokacin da yake tare da sutura.
Kwayar cututtukan da za a iya kwashe shi zai iya zama ko ta hanyar tsarin kulawa ta tsakiya (CNS) ta hanyar jijiyar kariya ko kuma ta hanyar jini yayin da aka watsa cutar (watau, yada gaba da kamuwa da cutar).
A kan jarrabawa, ana iya gano ciwon raƙumar launuka da yawa a kan choroid da / ko retina. Idan ba a hana shi ba, lalata kamuwa da cutar zuwa ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta jiki zai iya haifar da asarar ido.
Aminiya ta jiki na meningitis cryptococcal ana karuwa ta hanyar amphotericin B da flucytosine na intravenous, dauke da lura da zabi. Ana amfani da magungunan Antifungal sau da yawa lokacin da ake zargi da gangan hannu.
Tarin fuka
Tarin fuka (TB) yana nuna rashin lafiya fiye da sauran cututtuka na kwayar cutar HIV amma ana ganin wani lokaci a cikin marasa lafiya na kwayar cutar HIV tare da TB. Yana nuna gabatarwa a matsayin nau'in ƙwayar halitta kamar ƙwayoyin katako da zai iya bayyana a ƙididdigar CD4 mafi girma (fiye da 150 kwayoyin / mL) fiye da sauran cututtuka na HIV da ke haɗuwa da cutar. Yin amfani da kwayoyi tare da magungunan TB da ake amfani da ita shine yawancin wajabtaccen tsari na aiki.
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