Wani antibody , wanda aka sani da shi ne immunoglobin, mai gina jiki Y ne ya ɓoye wasu nau'in jini wanda ke da ikon gane pathogens (magungunan cutar) irin su ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin cuta. Kwayoyin biyu na "Y" suna iya ɗauka a kan magunguna ko kamuwa da kwayar cutar a wani manufa mai mahimmanci da ake kira antigen (wanda aka sani da jigon jigilar antibody).
A yin hakan, antibody yana nuna alamar maganin gurgunta jiki, ta hanyar kashe shi ko hana shi daga shiga kwayar halitta mai lafiya, ko kuma ta hanyar nuna wasu sunadarai masu goyon bayan su kewaye da cinye mai haɗari a cikin tsarin da ake kira phagocytosis [daga Tsohon Helenanci don " don cinye "(phagein) da" cell "(kytos)].
Anyi amfani da kwayoyin halitta da jini mai tsabta wanda ake kira B-lymphocytes, ko kuma B-sel. A lokacin ɗaukar auren haihuwa (kafin haihuwa) da kuma yanayin haihuwa (sabuwar jariri) na rayuwa, kwayoyin cutar ta wuce daga uwa zuwa jariri ta hanyar da ake kira immunization mai guba. Daga can, yarinya zai fara samar da kwayoyin cutar kai tsaye, ko dai a mayar da martani ga wani maganin antigen (rigakafi na daidaitawa) ko kuma wani ɓangare na maganganun da ba'a samu ba.
Mutane suna iya samar da nau'in biliyan goma na kwayoyin cuta, kowannensu yana kare kan wani nau'in antigen. Shafin yanar gizo mai ɗaukar antigen a kan antibody da ake kira paratope yana samuwa a kan "Y" kuma yana kulle a kan shafin yanar gizon da ake kira antitope.
Babban haɓakawa na paratope yana ba da damar tsarin rigakafi don gane nau'ikan antigens.
HIV da kuma Antigens
Lokacin da kamuwa da kwayar cutar ta HIV ke faruwa, an samar da kwayoyin cutar HIV ta hanyar maganin antigens a cikin mako daya ko biyu na daukan hotuna. Ana haifar da maganin rigakafi don maganin antigens masu tsarya iri-iri: p24 antigen, wanda shine shine farkon wanda ya bayyana; da kuma gp120 da gp41 antigens, wanda aka samo su a farfajiyar cutar.
Da zarar sun kamu da kwayar cuta, kwayoyin cutar sun ci gaba da rayuwa kuma suna samar da samfurin gargajiya na gwajin cutar HIV (ciki har da sha'anin kasuwancin dake cikin gida ). Binciken haɗuwar ƙarni na hudu yanzu suna iya gano kwayoyin cutar ta HIV da kuma p24 antigen, samar da sauri, tabbatar da gaskiyar yanayin mutum na HIV.
Sources:
Janeway, C .; Travers, P .; Walport, M .; da Shlomchik, M. Immunobiology, Ɗaukaka 5th - The Immune System in Health and Disease. 2001; Garland Science; Birnin New York; ISBN-10: 0-8153-3642-X.
Cibiyar Abinci da Druggun Amurka (FDA). "Yuni 18, 2010, Wakilin Amincewa - CIKIN KASHI DA ABUBUWAN ABU / AB." Silver Spring, Maryland; bayar da Disamba 22, 2009.
Cibiyar Abinci da Druggun Amurka (FDA). "FDA ta amince da gwada gwajin gwajin farko don gane kwayoyin cutar HIV da 1 da kuma kwayoyin HIV-1/2." Silver Spring, Maryland; wani sakin watsa labaran da aka bayar a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 2013.