Tsarajen gwaje-gwaje na taimaka kai tsaye da kula da lafiyar kwayar cutar HIV
Idan kuna da kwayar cutar HIV, likitanku zai buƙaci roƙon jini na gwaje-gwajen jini don kulawa da kyau kuma dubawa:
- Jiharka na tsarin rigakafi ( CD4 count , CD8 count )
- matakin aikin kyamara a cikin jiki ( kwayar cutar ta HIV )
- yadda yaduwar hanta ke fuskanta tare da maganin cutar HIV ( binciken aikin hanta )
- yadda kodanku suke fuskanta tare da maganin cutar HIV ( gwagwarmayar kwarewa )
Tsakanin wadannan gwaje-gwaje wani gwajin ne wanda ake kira ƙididdigar jini (CBC). Wannan gwaji na yau da kullum yayi amfani da nauyin kwayoyin jikinku daban-daban domin yada kowane canje-canje wanda zai fada a waje da abin da za a yi la'akari da matsayin "al'ada".
Ta hanyar yin hakan, CBC na iya gano (kuma ya kamata ya hana) ci gaba da illa ga cututtuka, da kuma gano duk wani cuta da zai iya dangantaka da cutar HIV.
Jarabawar kanta tana ɗaukar matakan da dama ko fasali na jini, ciki har da jini mai tsabta, da jini mai launin jini, da kuma platelets. Ana gwajin gwaje-gwaje a kowane watanni 6-12, amma ana iya umurce su da yawa akai-akai a yayin rashin lafiya ko kuma idan ana la'akari da ƙididdigar sel ko mawuyaci ko "ɓata."
Menene Yarin Binciken Blood (WBC)?
Kwayoyin jinin jini , wanda aka fi sani da leukocytes, sune wani sashi na kwayoyin da aka samar a cikin karfin jini, wanda shine manufar farko shine yaki da kamuwa da cuta.
Wani ƙwayar jini na jini (WBC) an yi a matsayin ɓangare na CBC don auna waɗannan kwayoyin.
Matsayi mai girma ko maras kyau na WBC zai iya nuna ci gaban rashin lafiya ko rashin lafiya kuma likita zasu iya amfani da su don sanin ko waɗannan canje-canje suna da alaka da kamuwa da cuta, magungunan magani, ko wasu yanayi kamar damuwa, lalacewar nama, ko ma allergies .
A cikin mahallin kwayar cutar HIV, WBC mai mahimmanci yana nufin cewa jikinka yana fama da kamuwa da cuta, wanda alamunta zai iya zama ko kuma bazai bayyana ba. Wasu gwaje-gwaje za a iya amfani da su wajen nuna ainihin dalilin wadannan canje-canje.
Ya bambanta, ƙananan WBC ya nuna cewa wasu cututtuka, ko dai HIV ko halayen HIV ba su da nasaba da ƙwarewar kasusuwan da zai iya samar da kwayoyin jini. Lokacin da wannan yanayin (wanda ake kira cytopenia ko leukopenia) ya faru, jiki bai iya iya yin yaki da kamuwa da cuta ba.
Daga cikin kwayoyin jini mai mahimmanci shine CD na "mataimaki" T-cell da CD8 "Killer" T-sassan , wanda ya haifar da wani matsala na gaggawa amsawa da nufin kawar da cutar.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai kwayoyin da ake kira macrophages, kwayoyin dendritic, da kuma kwayoyin Langerhans waɗanda suka kasance wani ɓangare na jikin mutum (ginawa) ba shi da amsa. Wadannan kwayoyin suna aiki a matsayin tsaro na farko a duk lokacin da wani mai kamuwa da cuta ya yi ƙoƙari ya shiga jiki.
Mene ne Lambar Rashin Blood (RBC)?
Kwayoyin jinin jini , wanda aka fi sani da erythrocytes, suna da alhakin ɗauke da oxygen daga huhu zuwa gabobi daban-daban da kyallen jikin mutum.
Anyi amfani da kwayoyin jinin jini (RBC) a matsayin ɓangare na CBC don auna yawan adadin kwayoyin halitta a cikin samfurin jini.
Ana amfani da darajar RBC don kimanta hematocrit (yawan jini ya karu da jini), yayin da ƙarin matakan gwajin sunadarai a cikin kwayoyin jinin jini (mai suna haemoglobin) wanda ke da alhakin ɗauke da kwayoyin oxygen.
Ƙananan karatu na waɗannan dabi'un na iya nuna alamar anemia , yanayin da ba a samar da kwayoyin halitta da kyallen takarda don samar da iskar oxygen. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, mutum zai ji daɗi sosai ko kuma ya gaji, kyawawan lokuta, kuma yana iya duba kullun ko an wanke shi.
A cikin mahallin cutar HIV, an sani anemia yana daya daga cikin sakamakon illa na kwayoyin zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT).
Idan an gano cutar anemia yayin da mutum yake kan zidovudine, za'a iya yin ƙarin ƙarfin ƙarfe idan an dauke anemia m. A lokuta mafi tsanani ko lokuta, miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya buƙatar maye gurbin wani wakili mai dacewa .
Duk da yake zidovudine ba shi da amfani da ita a cikin jima'i na farko na kwayar cutar HIV, ya kasance wani zaɓi mai mahimmanci na miyagun ƙwayoyi ga wasu, musamman a yayin da ake ciki .)
Za a iya hade da cututtukan cututtuka tare da kamuwa da cuta mai mahimmanci ko wasu mawuyacin hali, da cutar HIV da kuma wadanda basu da HIV. A wasu lokuta, kamuwa da cutar HIV na iya rinjayar metabolism na mahimmancin bitamin, wanda rashinsa zai iya taimakawa ga anemia ta mutum.
Wasu lokuta masu tsanani na anemia sukan kasance tare da su tare da erythropoietin, maganin kwayoyin maganin kwayoyin cutar wanda zai iya haifar da kira na jinin jini, ko kuma yana iya buƙatar jinin jini mai dauke da jini don ingantawa wadannan kwayoyin halitta.
Menene Platelets?
Platelets, wanda ake kira thrombocytes, sune kwayoyin halitta marar launi waɗanda ke shiga cikin tsari na jini. Hannun ƙananan labarun zai iya haifar da zub da jini mai sauƙi ko kuma raunanawa a cikin mutumin da ya shafa. Hanyoyi masu tsanani zasu iya haifar da mummunar rai na jini.
Yanayin, wanda ake kira thrombocytopenia, yana da alaka da cutar HIV mai tsanani, musamman a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar ci gaba da basu da magani. Harkokin cutar HIV ya iya magance yanayin ta hanyar kawar da magungunan ƙwayar cuta masu alaka da kamuwa da cuta, wanda aka sani ya cika yawan lambobi.
Bugu da ƙari, wasu kwayoyin cutar HIV (musamman ma analogs na tsakiya) na iya haifar da ƙananan platelet, da kuma cututtuka masu haɗari da kwayar cutar ta HIV kamar su cytomegalovirus (CMV) da mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) .
Filatattun ƙididdigar ba su da tsayi sosai don haifar da matsalolin lafiya.
> Sources:
> Thachil, J. "Jigon jini cikakke ne a matsayin wata alama ce ta gano cutar HIV." British Journal of Medicine. 2010; 341: DOI 10.1136 / bmj.c4583.
> Das, G. da Baglioni, P. "Kamuwa na Yamma HIV." British Journal of Medicine. 2010; 341: c4583.