Manufofin Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) sune manufofi takwas da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kafa (UN) a shekara ta 2000, da nufin inganta yanayin rayuwar duniya, kiwon lafiya, ilimi, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da kuma yanayin ta 2015. Daga cikin abubuwan da aka lissafa kira don "dakatar da sakewa" yaduwar cutar HIV, tarin fuka, da kuma cizon sauro-musamman ma a yankunan da suka fi girma kamar su Saharar Afrika.
Domin cimma burin wadannan kungiyoyi, ciki har da Shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS), sun kafa makasudin makircewa don rage yawan ƙaddamar da cutar HIV da cutar ta duniya, amma da yawa daga cikin shingen zamantakewa wanda ke ci gaba da rikitar da kokarin kiwon lafiyar jama'a (ciki har da lalata cutar HIV , rikici tsakanin mata, da aikata laifin cutar HIV ).
Tun lokacin da aka kafa MDGs, akwai duka zargi da damuwa game da ci gaba da jagorancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, saboda rashin daidaitattun kudade a sakamakon sauye-sauye na duniya da kuma karuwar-maimakon yawan ƙididdigar sababbin cututtuka a cikin wani yawan mahimman jigogi, ciki har da Afirka ta Kudu da Uganda.
Goal # 1: Rage Hanyoyin Sanya HIV da 50%
Daga shekara ta 2001 zuwa 2011, cutar da cutar ta kamu da kashi 21 cikin dari. Duk da yake an ba da rahoton kafofin yada labaru ga rahoton UNAIDS a watan Satumbar 2013, inda aka kwatanta da kashi 33% cikin sababbin cututtuka, wannan lambar ya haɗa da manya da yara.
Daga hangen nesa da jima'i kadai-musamman a tsakanin mutanen da ke da shekaru 15-24-raguwar su ne kawai rabin abin da UNAIDS ta gani, tare da yawancin bayanan da ke nuna cewa kashi 25 cikin dari a cikin yankunan Saharar Afirka da wasu yankuna masu yawa.
Bugu da kari game da har yanzu shine ƙara yawan yawan cututtuka da aka ruwaito a gabashin Turai da tsakiyar Asiya, waɗanda suka ninka sau biyu tun daga shekara ta 2001 (wanda yafi yafi amfani da miyagun kwayoyi).
Hakazalika, rashin nasarar magance cututtuka na HIV a tsakanin maza da ke yin jima'i da maza (MSM) zai iya taimakawa wajen bunkasa ko tasowa a kasashe da dama da ba a raya ba.
Ya bambanta, an samu gagarumar nasara a cikin Caribbean, inda sabon kamuwa da cuta ya karu da kashi 43 cikin dari a wannan lokaci.
Goal # 2: Sanya Mutane 15 Miliyan Dubu Miliyan Dubu A Kwayoyin Kwayoyin cuta na Antiretroviral
Tun daga watan Janairun 2014, kusan mutane miliyan 3 a kasashe masu tasowa an saka su a kan maganin rigakafi (ART) . Ƙarin kulawar maganin kula da Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) a shekarar 2013-inda farfadowa za a iya farawa a CD4 kimanin 500 Kwayoyin / ML ko žasa-kawai zai kara yiwuwar samun damar ART.
Duk da wannan ci gaban, an rasa MDG a shekarar 2010, kawai 55% na mutane 14.4 miliyan da ake buƙatar ART suna karɓar shi. Bugu da ƙari, kawai kashi 28% na yara masu cancanta sun sami damar yin amfani da ART, ƙasa da rabi na mata a kan ART (63%).
A watan Yunin 2013, an samu mafi girma na ART a Latin Amurka da Caribbean (68%), tare da Yammacin Turai da tsakiyar Asiya wanda ke nuna rashin ƙarfi (19%).
Bisa ga halin da ake ciki a yau, yana yiwuwa ya kusanci kimanin miliyan 15 a kan ART ta karshen shekara ta 2015, musamman don sayen kwayoyin halitta ya yanke farashin wasu miyagun kwayoyi har zuwa $ 8 a kowace wata.
Duk da haka, sai dai idan yawancin kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta za a iya saukar da su ta hanyar 50% ta 2020, kamar yadda mutane da yawa suna fata, yanayin tattalin arziki na samar da ART ga yawan masu yawan kwayar cutar HIV zai kasance mai girma.
Goal # 3: Kashe Gidajen Iyaye Ta Yaye da Cutar HIV da Rage Mutuwar Mahaifiyar Mata da kashi 50%
A watan Yuni 2013, UNAIDS ta bayar da rahoton cewa kasashe bakwai na Afirka sun sami kashi 50 cikin dari na sabon cututtuka na HIV a tsakanin yara tun 2009. Mafi yawan nasarar shi ne saboda shirye-shiryen tsare-tsaren antiretroviral don hana yaduwar kananan yara (MTCT), tare da shirin 75% ɗaukar hoto a yawancin mahimman jihohi. A Afirka ta Kudu kawai, yawancin MTCT sun ragu zuwa kashi 5% mai ban mamaki, daga sama da 37% a shekarar 2000.
Hakazalika, ayyukan na MTCT a Botswana da Namibia yanzu sun wuce 90%, suna kusa da abin da za a dauka a duniya a cikin wannan yawan jama'a.
A game da mace-mace na yara, MDGs na kira ga ragewa a cikin cutar HIV da ke cikin iyayen mata zuwa mutuwar 38 a kowace 100. Yawancin bayanai sun nuna cewa wadannan burin za su iya samuwa, tare da kasashe kamar Afirka ta Kudu suna bayar da rahoton cewa ƙananan yara 60 ne suka kamu da cutar HIV a kowace shekara 100.
Duk da haka, akwai damuwa game da adadin yara masu karɓar ART. Yayinda ake karuwar yawancin 15% daga 2009 zuwa 2011, waɗannan lambobin da suka rage a baya ga maza da mata (21%).
Goal # 4: Halita yawan yawan Mutuwa da ke ɗauke da kwayar cutar HIV
Ma'aikatan MDG sun yi kira ga ragewa a cikin tarin fuka (TB) - mutuwar mutuwar tsakanin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV zuwa kasa da 250,000 a shekara ta 2015. Yayin da TB ya kasance mafi yawan dalilin mutuwar wannan jama'a, an samu cigaba da cigaba a yawancin asashe masu fifiko, tare da 17 na 44 rahotanni fiye da 50% rage a mutuwa a matsayin 2013.
Yawanci, an samu raguwar kashi 38% a cikin mutuwar TB, ya kara karfafa ta hanyar TB, mafi yawan kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta, da kuma yin amfani da magungunan maganin prophylactic don hana kamuwa da cuta a cikin ƙananan mutane.
Hanyoyin da aka samu na ART ya taimakawa wajen rage yawan kuɗin, musamman tare da aiwatar da "farfadowar lura" (DOT) a yawancin kasashe masu yawan gaske. Dabarun, ta hanyar yin amfani da kwayoyin cutar tarin fuka a kowace rana ta hanyar kulawa da kulawa, ya haifar da kyakkyawan kashi 85% a cikin wasu yankunan da suka fi wahala.
Duk da haka, akwai matsalolin da yawa suke hana ci gaba. Yau, sama da kashi ɗaya na uku na cibiyoyin TB ba su ba DOT ba, yayin da mafi yawancin ƙwayoyin TB masu yawan miyagun ƙwayoyi ba a bincikar su ko kuma basu bi da su ba bisa ka'idojin WHO. Mahimmanci shine gaskiyar cewa, daga kasashen da ke dauke da cutar HIV / TB, kawai Kenya da Malawi suna ba da ART ga fiye da kashi 50 cikin dari. Ana ci gaba da cigaba don tabbatar da rage yawan mace-mace na TB a cikin waɗannan yankuna.
Sources:
Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashen Duniya "Yayyana cutar HIV / AIDS, Malaria da sauran cututtuka." MDGmonitor. New York, New York.
Cibiyar Nazarin Dan Adam (HSRC). "Cibiyar Binciken Kasuwancin Afirka ta Kudu ta Afirka ta Kudu, Bincike da Rashin Lafiya, 2012." Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu; An wallafa Afrilu 1, 2014.
Shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya akan HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Rahoton Ci Gaban 2013 game da Shirin Duniya." Geneva, Switzerland; buga Yuni 2013.
Shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya akan HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Hukumar UNAIDS ta bayar da rahoton cewa, kashi 52 cikin 100 na cututtuka na kamuwa da cutar HIV a tsakanin yara, kuma haɓaka kashi 33% a tsakanin manya da yara tun 2001." Geneva, Switzerland; sanarwa da aka buga ranar 23 ga Satumba, 2013.
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO). "Jagororin da aka haɗu a kan amfani da kwayoyi masu maganin rigakafi don magance cutar ta HIV." Geneva, Switzerland; bayar da Yuni 30, 2013.
Shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya akan HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Afirka ta Kudu ta tanadi sayen maganin maganin rigakafi don bunkasa samun magani ga mutanen dake dauke da kwayar cutar HIV." Geneva, Switzerland; sanarwa da aka bayar ranar Nuwamba 30, 2012.
Friedan, T. da Sbarbaro, J. "Nasarawa don kula da maganin tarin fuka: muhimmancin kallon ido." Bulletin zuwa Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya. Geneva, Switzerland; Mayu 2007; 85 (5) 325-420.