Yanayin jima'i yana da lokaci wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin annobar cutar don bayyana yadda yawancin mutanen da aka gano suna da wasu sharuɗɗa (kamar HIV ). An kiyasta yawan adadin yawan ta hanyar gwada yawan mutanen da aka gano cewa suna da yanayin tare da yawan mutanen da ke cikin wannan ƙungiyar (alal misali, yawancin Afrika na Amirka da HIV dake zaune a Birnin New York).
Yawancin lokaci ana yawan bayyana shi a matsayin kashi (%).
A cikin kwayar cutar HIV, ma'aikatan lafiyar jama'a da masu tsara manufofi suna amfani da shi don nuna damuwa akan nauyin HIV a wasu yankuna da / ko ƙungiyoyin jama'a. Ƙungiyoyin jama'a na iya zamawa da lalata ta kabila, jinsi, shekaru, daidaitawar jima'i, matsayi na tattalin arziki, al'adar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, ko haɗuwa da kowane ko duk waɗannan ɗayan.
Hakan ya faru da yiwuwar yanayin tasowa a lokacin wani lokaci. An samo adadi ta hanyar kwatanta yawan adadin mutanen da aka ruwaito a lokacin wani lokaci tare da yawan mutanen da ke cikin wannan yawan. Adadin zai iya kwatanta rabo (misali 45 lokuta daga mutane 1,000) ko kashi (4.5%).
A cikin kwayar cutar HIV, ana iya amfani da abin da zai faru a kimanin yadda cutar HIV (ko cutar ta HIV) ke karuwa ko ragewa a cikin wani rukuni, yawanci a cikin shekara guda.
Haka kuma masu bincike zasu iya haifar da ƙaddara idan an canza wani abu (misali, damar samun magani, manufofin jama'a) na iya musanya haɗari a cikin kungiyoyin jama'a. Bugu da ƙari, ƙaddamar da hadarin ta hanyar bincike na tasiri ya ba da izini ga mafi kyawun hanya.
A mafi mahimmancin su, yawancin suna kwatanta nan da yanzu, yayin da haɗari ya bayyana abin da zai yiwu.
Misalai
Alal misali, mutane 5,600 ne a Afirka ta Kudu an kiyasta su kamu da kwayar cutar HIV a shekara ta 2009. Tare da yawan mutane miliyan 53, yawancin cutar HIV shine Afrika ta Kudu da aka ce shine 10.6%. Yayinda ake kallon musamman a cikin shekarun shekaru 15 zuwa 49 - suna dauke da yawancin shekarun da suka kamu da kwayar cutar HIV a duk duniya-yawancin adadi ya karu zuwa 17.3% (adadin da Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi amfani da shi don binciken bincike na kasa).
Ya bambanta, cutar HIV a tsakanin maza da suka yi jima'i da maza (MSM) a San Francisco a shekara ta 2006 ya kai 1.75%, bisa ga sababbin cututtuka 772 a yawancin mutane 44,138 MSM na MSM. Tare da gabatarwar m, sababbin manufofin kiwon lafiya na shekara ta 2010 (wanda ya haɗa da kulawar duniya akan ganewar asali ), rashin lafiyar da aka kaiwa zuwa 1.27% a 2011. Tawancen MSM na hawa a mafi yawan manyan biranen Amurka, canji ya zama muhimmi da kuma nuna alamar sababbin manufofi.
A Amurka
Daga hangen zaman gaba na duniya, yayin da yaduwar cutar HIV ta iya bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, akwai yawanci tsakanin ƙwayar cuta da kuma yadda yadda kasar ke kula da annobar a cikin iyakarta.
Alal misali, yayin da kimanin miliyoyin cututtukan Amurka a Amurka ke iya kwarewa idan aka kwatanta da lambobin da aka gani a cikin ci gaba, yaduwa da tasirin cutar suna nuna hoto mai ban mamaki.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa, Amurka ta kasance daga cikin mafi girma (0.6%) da kuma tasiri (15,3 a 100,000).
Yawan bambanci, yawancin yawan kuɗin da aka samu a mafi yawan kasashe masu karfin shiga shi ne kasa da kashi 0.3%, yayin da yawan lamarin ya zama ƙasa da rabi da ke gani a Amurka (6.3 cikin 100,000).
Ana sa ran cewa abubuwan da suka samu kwanan nan na iya sake warware matsalolin da ke cikin Amurka, kodayake ƙananan kulawa da kiyayewa a cikin mafi yawan marasa rinjaye ( Afrika ta Amirka , maza da suka yi jima'i da maza za su ci gaba da yin amfani da sababbin cututtuka.
Sources:
Shirin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya akan HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Rubutun Bayanin Cutar Ebola - Afirka ta Kudu." Geneva, Switzerland; 2009.
McFarland, W. "HIV / AIDS Epi-Update for San Francisco - Lambobi." San Francisco Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a. Nuwamba 29, 2006; Bayarwar Powerpoint.
Bajko, M. "Ciwon HIV ya ci gaba da koma baya a SF." Bayar da Yanki na Bay Area. An buga Maris 24, 2011.
Raymond, A ;; Hill, A. da kuma Pozniak, A. "Babban bambancin da ke tsakanin maganin cutar HIV da ke tsakanin kasashen Turai takwas da manyan kasashe masu samun kudin shiga - nazarin abubuwan da suka faru."; Majalissar Duniya a kan Drug Far a cikin HIV Kamuwa da cuta; Glasgow, Scotland; Nuwamba 2-6, 2014; m O237.