Maganin ƙwayar cuta na Macular, wanda ake kira ma'anar macular degeneration (ARMD ko AMD), shine babban dalilin makanta a Amurka. Halin na farko yana shafar mutane 65 da haihuwa. Wasu matsalolin macular da ke shafi ƙananan yara za a iya kira su a matsayin macular degeneration, amma wannan lokaci yana nufin ma'anar macular degeneration mai shekaru.
AMD tana rinjayar macula , sashi mai mahimmanci wanda ke da alhakin hangen nesa. Ana iya kula da AMD, ko da yake ba a warke ba.
Akwai manyan nau'o'i biyu da suka shafi shekarun macular degeneration :
- Dry (Non-Neovascular) AMD
Dry AMD, wanda ake kira dashi mai mahimmanci macular degeneration, shi ne mafi yawan al'ada, yana lissafin kimanin kashi 90 na dukkan lokuta AMD. A cikin AMD ta bushe, wani canji mai gani a cikin ƙwayoyin ido na pigmented yana faruwa, barin wurare na depigmentation, pigment clumping, da kuma drusen (rassan yellow a karkashin retina).
Dry AMD yana cigaba sosai sosai. Akwai matakai uku: farkon, matsakaici, da kuma ci gaba. Hanyar farko shine halin drusen da hangen nesa al'ada ko hasara mai zurfi. Rahoton hangen nesa na tsakiya na tsakiya, ƙarin drusen zai iya bayyana ko kara girma, kuma canji na canzawa yana bunkasa yayin ci gaban yanayin. Matsayi na asarar hangen nesa ya bambanta da AMD mai ɗorewa amma yana da ci gaba da ci gaba da makantar da doka. Maganin kwakwalwa na Macular da mikiya na iya bunkasa.
- Wet (Neovascular) AMD
Shafin Wet AMD na kimanin kashi 10 cikin 100 na dukiyoyin AMD. Mutanen da ke da nauyin AMD na iya cigaba da cigaba da karar rigar. Sabbin jini na girma (neovascularization) yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin dakalin. Kodayake wadannan tasoshin sun sababbin, sun kasance marasa rinjaye a yanayi. Jubar da jini da ruwa daga cikin sabon jini, sau da yawa yana dauke da macula kuma ya haifar da tarwatsawa na gani, wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewa ta jiki. Za a iya yaduwa, ta haifar da asarar hangen nesa, kuma, sau da yawa, makanta ta shari'a.
Sauran bincikar cutar macular degeneration sun hada da:
- Tsarin Macular Degeneration
Maganin macular degeneration shi ne yanayin ci gaba mai mahimmanci macular degeneration. A nan, akwai ƙididdigewa, ƙananan asarar ɓaɓɓuka na ƙwayoyin cututtuka na ƙwayar cututtuka (RPE). RPE, wanda ya ba da baya ga ido mai launi mai launin launin ja-orange, yana taimakawa wajen ciyar da hotunan ido, da igiyoyi da kwakwalwa. A sakamakon haka, duk abin da yake haifar da cututtuka a cikin RPE zai shafar maɗaura da igiyoyi a cikin sutura.
An kira shi "geographic" saboda manyan sassan RPE na ɓata suna kama da cibiyoyin da ke kewaye da teku mai tsabta. Wani lokaci ana bayyana shi a matsayin Rpo dropout. Yawancin lokaci, babu tsaran ruwa ko zub da jini, kuma asarar hangen nesa yana faruwa a hankali. Doctors suna nazarin farɗan kwayoyin cutar da kuma RPE magani. - Ƙungiyoyin Macular Degeneration
Juvenile macular dystrophy ko rashin karuwanci an gaji kuma yana rinjayar matasa da yara. Yawancin lokaci, yanayin yana da mahimmanci, yana nufin cewa yana tasowa lokacin da yaro ya karbi raguwa daga kowane iyaye. Yarar macular degeneration ba zai shafi hangen nesa ko hangen nesa ba. Mutanen da suka bunkasa ƙananan yara macular degeneration rasa hangen nesa kuma ba su makanta ba. Akwai manyan siffofin yara biyu macular degeneration: cutar Stargardt da Vitelliform macular dystrophy.
Cutar cututtuka
Rashin hangen nesa a cikin macular degeneration yana da hankali sosai don kada ku lura da shi a farkon. Babu yawan ciwo. Yayin da cutar ta ci gaba, hangen nesa za a iya damuwa kuma abubuwa zasu iya bayyana. Wasu mutane tare da AMD na iya kokawar haruffa a cikin kalmomi ko wahalar ganin ƙarami.
Yayin da yanayin ya ci gaba, akwai babban hasara ko kuma zurfin hangen nesa, yayin da hangen nesa ba ya canzawa. Wani lokaci, hangen nesa za a iya canzawa.
Alamun AMD zasu kasance kuma, ko da yake masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya sun fi kyau gano su.
Dalilin
Mafi yawan nau'o'in macular degeneration dangane da inganta shekaru.
Har ila yau, akwai wasu abubuwa masu haɗari da aka sani game da bunkasa shekaru masu yawa na macular degeneration:
- Shekaru
- Shan taba
- Tarihin iyali
- Hasken ido mai haske
- Hawan jini
- Hasken rana
- Kwayar jijiyoyin jini
- High cholesterol
- Kiba
- Halin mace
- Haske mai zurfi
Tsarinku na iya taimakawa ga ci gaban AMD, kuma binciken da ake ciki yanzu yana mayar da hankali kan kwayoyin da za su iya ƙara ko rage haɗarin AMD na bunkasa .
Sanin asali
An gane ganewar asali na AMD bayan duba ido na ido wanda wani mai dubawa ko masanin ophthalmologist yayi.
Za a auna matakan kusa da kusa. Wani gwajin da aka kira "Gidan Gidan Gida" yana yin don gano wuraren baƙanci, layi, ko rarraba a hangen nesa. Wani gwaji mai zurfi da aka ƙaddara zai ba da damar likita don ganin ra'ayi mai girma na macula.
Dole likitanku zai nemi alamun kamar:
- Drusen da canje-canje zuwa sel masu alade a cikin macula, saboda ƙuƙwalwar tarkace ta wayar salula
- Sabbin jini na karuwa (neovascularization): Rashin rashin isashshen oxygen a cikin kwakwalwa zai iya siffanta masu yin sulhu na sinadaran da suke haifar da hakan.
- Rawan jini ko jini wanda ya ragu cikin nama na baya (sabili da sababbin jini, waxanda suke da rauni kamar yadda suke farawa)
Idan ana tsammanin AMD, ana iya gwada gwaji-injection, furotorescein angiography (FA), na iya yin umurni. Wani gwajin gwaji, nazarin hade-haɗen coherence tomography (OCT), na iya yin aiki. Idan an gano AMD, mai kulawa ga likita mai zuwa zai zo gaba.
Jiyya
Babu magani da aka sani don macene degeneration. AmD magani yana mayar da hankali ga jinkirta ko rage yawan cigaba da cutar kuma ya bambanta dangane da matakanta.
Bisa ga binciken Nazarin Bincike na Age (AREDS), kayan abinci mai gina jiki da ke dauke da bitamin C da E, beta-carotene, da kuma zinc sun nuna jinkirta ko jinkirta cigaba da AMD ta bushe har zuwa AMD ta kashi 28 cikin dari a wasu mutane da yanayin .
Jiyya ga rigar AMD na mayar da hankali akan dakatar da lalata ruwa daga neovascularization. Anyi amfani da hanyoyi irin su photocoagulation da macular translocation tare da sakamako mai sauƙi. Anyi amfani da magungunan maganin ciwon maganin antitastial growth (anti-VEGF) don maganin maganin macular degeneration. Wadannan magunguna suna allurar rigakafi cikin ido kuma suyi aiki don dakatar da sababbin jini daga farawa.
Idan kuna da babban asarar hangen nesa saboda AMD, cibiyoyin kula da hankali da likita zasu iya bayar da shawarar samfurori ko gyara gida wanda zai iya mayar da hangen nesa da kuma inganta rayuwarku . Wasu daga cikin waɗannan na'urorin sun hada da gilashin karatun da aka yi da kyan gani ko ƙwararraki, ruwan tabarau na telescopic, na'urori masu ɗaukar hannu, masu girman kai, da kuma abubuwan da ke rufewa. Sauran shawarwari, irin su yin amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da ƙwararrun ƙididdiga, manyan ɗakunan littattafan, rubutun rubutun da na'urorin lantarki, zasu iya bunkasa yanayin rayuwarka tare da macene degeneration.
Ciyarwa
Rayuwa tare da asarar hangen nesa na macular degeneration na iya buƙatar yin salon gyaran rayuwa. Muhimmin al'amura na rayuwa waɗanda ake tasiri sun hada da tuki, karatun, da kuma gudanar da ayyuka masu inganci masu kyau wanda ke buƙatar cikakken hangen nesa, kamar zanen da kayan aiki. A wasu lokuta, ayyuka na iya buƙata a ɗauka. Amma a wasu, na'urori masu basira (kamar masu girma) da gyare-gyare zasu iya taimakawa kuma yale ka ka ci gaba.
Taimakon zamantakewa yana da taimako, ba kawai don taimakawa ka daidaita amma don taimaka maka tare da aikin yau da kullum idan an buƙata. Kuna iya la'akari da bincika kyauta kamar sufuri na jama'a.
Kalma Daga
Yana da muhimmanci a yi nazarin ido na yau da kullum a matsayin ɓangare na kiyaye lafiyarka na yau da kullum cikin rayuwarka, koda kuwa ba ka da asarar hangen nesa. Idan kimantawa sun nuna cewa kana da alamun macular degeneration, tabbatar da biye tare da likitan likitanka kamar yadda aka bada shawara kuma ka bi shawarar da za a dakatar da yanayin daga ci gaba, saboda wannan zai iya haifar da bambanci don hana hasara.
> Sources:
> Gheorghe A, Mahdi L, Musat O, Tsarin Maɗaukaki na Macular Degeneration. Rom J Ophthalmol. 2015 Apr-Jun; 59 (2): 74-7.
> Narayanan R, Kuppermann BD, Hot Topics a Dry AMD, Curr Pharm Des. 2017; 23 (4): 542-546. Doi: 10.2174 / 1381612822666161221154424.