Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kira ƙananan yara "daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin kiwon lafiya na karni na 21" - kuma ba zai tafi ba. Daga tsakanin 1990 zuwa 2012, adadin ƙananan yara ko babba da kananan yara (har zuwa shekaru biyar) sun karu a fadin duniya daga miliyan 31 zuwa miliyan 44 - da kashi 42 cikin 100 a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka wuce.
Idan halin da ake ciki yanzu ya ci gaba, zuwa shekara ta 2025, ana sa ran adadin ya kai ga yara miliyan 70 wadanda ba su yi bikin cika shekaru biyar ba.
Yanayin Matsala
Ba batun kawai ba ne a kasashe masu arziki a duniya. Har ila yau, ƙananan yara yana cike da yawa a kasashe masu ƙasƙanci da na tsakiya, musamman a cikin birane. A gaskiya ma, yawan karuwa a kasashe masu tasowa ya karu da kashi 30 cikin dari fiye da kasashe masu tasowa.
Daga cikin tsofaffi, yawancin kiba ya karu fiye da yadda yake da ita ga yara a ƙasashe da dama, sai dai a Australia, kamar yadda masu bincike a Jami'ar North Carolina suka yi a Chapel Hill. Amma yawan da yara suka zama karba ya karu-fiye da yadda ya ke da manya-a Brazil, China, Birtaniya, Amurka, da Australia, wanda ke nufin rashawar ganyayyaki tsakanin manya da yara yana raguwa a waɗannan ƙasashe.
Alal misali, a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, yawancin ƙudan zuma a cikin Amurka ya kai uku, kuma a yau daya daga cikin yara uku an dauke su da karba kuma daya daga cikin yara shida shi ne obese. A Turai, kasar Spain tana da mafi girma a cikin ƙwararren masanan, kuma Romania tana da mafi ƙasƙanci. Yawanci, kashi 24 cikin 100 na yara masu shekaru 6 zuwa 9, a Turai suna dauke da nauyi, da Cyprus, Girka, Spain, da kuma Ingila suna da wasu daga cikin yawan yara masu shekaru 10 zuwa 18, kamar yadda rahoto daga Harvard School of Public Health.
Ko da a Afrika, inda yunwa, nauyin nauyin, da rashin abinci mai gina jiki sun kasance damuwa mafi girma a tsakanin yara, yawan yaduwar ƙananan yara ya karu. A halin yanzu, a yawancin kasashen Asiya (sai dai Japan), yawan kashi 22 cikin 100 na yawan ƙananan kiba da kiba a tsakanin masu karatu tsakanin 1990 zuwa 2010.
Tushen Matsala
Lambar magunguna a bayan wannan yanayin duniya: Tsakanin matakan ƙananan ƙwayar yaro ya zama wani ɓangare daga matsawa ga karuwa da yawan abincin calorie-dense "wadanda suke da kitsen mai da sukari amma basu da yawa a cikin bitamin, ma'adanai da sauran micronutrients mai lafiya, da kuma tayi zuwa matakan rage yawan aikin jiki, "in ji Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. A yawancin sassan duniya, cinikayyar cinikayyar abinci da abincin giya ga yara yana taimakawa matsala, kuma yawancin yanayin rayuwarmu ya sa ya zama ƙasa da ƙananan yara za su shiga cikin ayyukan jiki da siffofin lafiya na aiki wasa.
Abin takaici, babu wani bayani mai sauƙi ga waɗannan tasirin. Kasashe daban-daban suna daukar matakai don magance matsalolin ƙananan yara a cikin hanyar al'ada. A halin yanzu, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kafa kwamiti mai girma a kan ƙaddamar da ƙananan yara tare da manufar tattara shawara daga masana a ko'ina cikin duniya da kuma bada shawarwari game da yadda za'a magance rikicin yanzu.
Tunda yana da matsala mai yawa, ana buƙatar warware matsalar, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa za a gwada kwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya, masana kimiyya, tattalin arziki, da sauran masana don yin la'akari da ra'ayoyi don maganin duniya.
Yawanci yana da matsala idan masana ba su zo tare da hanyoyin da za su iya kawowa ba don juyawa wannan yanayin. Bayan haka, ƙananan yara yana haifar da nau'o'in illa na jiki da kuma cututtuka masu mahimmanci, ma. Bugu da ƙari, yara mai yiwuwa su ci gaba da zama babba a matsayin manya, ta kafa su don maganin matsalolin kiwon lafiyar da kuma kyakkyawar rayuwa ta rayuwa, yayin da suka tsufa.
Wannan zai zama mummunan kaya ga tsara mai zuwa, a ko ina cikin duniya.
> Sources:
Harvard School of Public Health. Kiyaye Rigakafin Ƙari: Babba Yara.
Popkin BM, Conde W, Hou N, Monteiro C. Shin akwai lag a duniya a cikin nauyin juzu'i ga yara da aka kwatanta da manya? Kiba, Oktoba 2006; 14 (10): 1846-53.
Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya. Taswirar Duniya a kan Abinci, Ayyukan jiki, da Lafiya: Ƙananan yara da ƙananan yara.
Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya. Taswirar Duniya a kan Abinci, Ayyuka, da Lafiya: Facts da Figures a kan Ƙananan Yara.