Diarrhea

Ya hada da ƙwayoyin cuta, Kwayoyin cuta, da daidaitattu

Diarrhea zai iya zama fiye da kawai tushen matsala. A gaskiya ma, abu ne na biyu na mutuwa a yara a cikin kasashe masu tasowa da kuma babban mai bayar da gudummawar aiki don rashin aiki da kuma asarar yawan aiki a ma'aikatan Amurka.

Tsofaffi, yara ƙanana, da mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiyar su sun fi dacewa kuma suna fama da rashin lafiya kuma har ma da mutuwa saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali ko mai tsanani.

Cutar da Cutar Diarrhea

Kwayoyin cututtuka, kwayan cuta, da cututtuka na parasitic sune mawuyacin dalilin cututtuka, sau da yawa yada ta hanyar hanya mai laushi . Wannan shi ne lokacin da kamuwa da cutar ke bazuwa daga mutum daya zuwa na gaba (kamar ta hannun hannu), ta hanyar shigawa tare da wani abu mai lalata ko kayan aiki, ko inginging abincin ko abin sha.

Har ila yau, akwai magungunan cututtuka marasa cututtuka, wadanda ke da alaƙa da yanayin kiwon lafiya wanda ya shafi tsarin narkewa, rigakafi, ko endocrin (hormone). Daga cikinsu akwai cututtukan ciwon jiji (IBS) , cututtukan ciwon jini (IBD) , cututtukan Celiac , hyperthyroidism , da rashin haƙuri .

Sanadin cututtuka na cututtukan zai haifar da yanayin da aka sani da gastroenteritis , wanda zai iya haifar da tashin zuciya, vomiting, da ciwon ciki. Idan zawo tare da jini, ana kiransa dysentery.

Kwayoyin kofiyan bidiyo

Kwayoyin cuta ne mafi yawan dalilin cututtukan kuma ana danganta su da nau'ikan nau'i hudu:

• Norovirus , wanda aka fi sani da "jirgin ruwa na jirgin ruwa," shine mafi yawan abincin da aka samu na gastroenteritis a Amurka.
• Rotavirus shine mafi yawan dalilin cututtuka a yara a Amirka da kuma dalilin da ya sa yara ke mutuwa a cikin kasashe masu tasowa.
• Kwayoyin adenovirus 40 da 41 su ne subtypes da ke haɗuwa da zawo kuma suna cikin cikin fiye da nau'in adenovirus da aka sani ga mutum (wanda ya hada da ƙwayoyin sanyi).

• Astroviruses su ne sanadin cututtukan cututtuka a cikin tsofaffi, yara, da kuma mutanen da ke cikin tsarin kwakwalwa.

Kwayoyin cuta

Cututtuka na kwayar cutar ita ce babbar mahimmanci ga rashin lafiya da mutuwa a duk duniya. Ko da yake kasa da kowa a Amurka fiye da cututtukan cututtuka, cututtuka irinsu zai iya haifar da dysentery saboda ci gaban ulcers da ƙumburi a cikin hanji. Daga cikin mafi yawan sharuɗɗan:

• Salmonella enteritidis zai iya haifar da zawo, zazzabi, da kuma ƙwayar ciki a ciki cikin sa'o'i 12 zuwa 72 na cin abinci ko abin sha.
• Escherichia coli (musamman E. coli 0157) ana yadawa ta hanyar abincin da aka gurbata da kuma kayan kiwo da zai iya haifar da yanayin da ake kira hemoryrhagic colitis.
• Shigella na kowa ne a Amurka da kuma a duniya kuma yana iya haifar da cututtuka na jini, musamman ma a cikin shekarun makaranta.
• Campylobacter yana cikin mafi yawan kwayar cutar da ke dauke da kwayar cuta da zai iya haifar da cututtukan jini saboda m ƙonewa
• Kwayar cutar Vibrio tana hade da cin abinci mai cin abinci mai kyau ko sushi.
• Staphylococcus aureus na iya haifar da cututtuka masu fashewa saboda toxins da kwayoyin cutar ta fitar.
• Clostridium wuya ne na musamman a cikin cewa tashi daga cikin kamuwa da cuta yana da dangantaka da amfani kwayoyin. A yau ne mafi yawan sha'anin asibiti da aka samu cututtuka.

• Yersinia an gane shi ne kwayoyin da ke haifar da annobar annoba kuma mafi yawan samuwa a cikin kayayyakin kiwo.

Sakamakon lambobi

Sashin yanar gizo shine tushen farko na zazzabin parasitic duka a Amurka da kuma a fadin duniya. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta guda daya suna fitowa da yawa kuma suna daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar shan ruwa. Daga cikin uku mafi yawan sanadin cututtuka na parasitic zawo:

• Giardia lamblia ta wuce ta abinci mai gurɓata ko ta hanyar mutum-mutum-mutumin da zai iya haifar da cututtuka masu fashewa a cikin kwana biyu na kamuwa da cuta.
• Entamoeba histolytica yana da alaƙa da zane-zane da zane-zane kuma zai iya haifar da cututtukan jini kamar yadda microorganisms ya kai su zuwa ga bangon intestinal.

• Cryptosporidium da aka sani ya haifar da rashin lafiya da kuma ciwo na gastrointestinal kuma yana haɓaka da ci gaba da ɗakunan ruwa.

Sanin asali da Jiyya

Bisa ga irin irin lalacewa da aka samu-da kuma sauran alamun cututtuka da halaye (ciki har da tarihin tafiye-tafiye na mutum) - likita zai gudanar da jerin gwaje-gwajen don gano tushen rashin lafiya.

An yi amfani da al'ada da kyau don tantance cututtuka na kwayan cuta, yayin da haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin microscopic da antigen zasu iya taimakawa wajen gano saitunan cikin samfurori. Ana iya bincikar cututtuka na kwayar cutar ta hanyar gudanar da jarrabawar PCR akan tasirin mutum, jini, ko sauran ruhun jiki.

Jiyya na iya bambanta akan dalilin. Ana amfani da maganin cututtukan kwayoyi da antivirals don magance magungunan kwayan cuta da cututtukan cututtuka, yayin da za'a iya amfani da wasu magungunan antimicrobial idan abin ya faru shine protozoan.

Bugu da ƙari, za a iya tsara magungunan maganin anti-diarrheal tare da maganin rehydration na maganganu don hana ko yin hasara na ruwa. Hakanan za'a iya kwantar da ruwa a cikin intravenously (ta hanyar kwayar cutar) idan jinin yana da tsanani sosai. Magunguna masu jin dadi suna taimakawa wajen rage ciwo da zazzaɓi.

Rigakafin

Gwaran rigakafi yana da daraja ta magani idan ya zo don kaucewa cututtuka. Babban a cikin aikin rigakafi yana da tsabtace jiki da kuma wanke hannu a yau. Duk da yake mutane da yawa za su zuba jari a hannun hannu , ba tare da wankewa da ruwan zafi da sabulu ba zai saba yin abin zamba. Tsayawa da tsabtace jiki a gidan wanka, dakina, da kuma inda duk abincin ke cinye shi ma mahimmanci ne.

Lokacin dafa nama, nama, ko shellfish, ka tabbata cewa suna dafa shi da kyau kuma suna amfani da ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin abinci, idan an buƙata. Yi karin kulawa don wanke dukkan 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu kuma ku guje wa cin abincin shinkafa idan kuna da shakka game da asalinsa ko sabo. Za a tsabtace allon katako da kayan aiki a nan da nan bayan ya shiga cikin hulɗar da nama marar nama, kaji, ko abincin teku.

A ƙarshe, idan kuna tafiya a kasashen waje, tabbatar da cewa vaccinations ne na zamani. Idan shirye-shiryen ziyarci ƙasashe masu tasowa, ziyarci cibiyar kiwon lafiya ta tafiya da Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka na Cututtuka don koyon abin da ake buƙatar rigakafi da kuma nazarin duk wani bayani game da lafiyar ruwa da na gida.

> Sources:

> Buono, A .; Carson, R .; da Flores, M. "Rayayyun rayuwa na lafiyar, aikin aiki, da kuma karuwar kulawa tsakanin marasa lafiya da cututtukan jijiyoyin ƙwayar cutar tare da zawo." Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Lafiya. 2017; 15 (1): 35. DOI: 10.1186 / s12955-017-0611-2.

> Kasper, D .; Fauci, A; Hauser, S. et al. (2015) Ka'idodin Magungunan Hoto na Harrison. New York: McGraw Hill Education

> Lanata, C .; Fischer-Walker, C .; Olaschanga, et al. "Dalili na Duniya na Cutar Lafiya ta Diarrheal a Yara" Shekaru 5 na Ƙarshe. PLoS Daya . 2013. 8 (9): e72788. DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0072788.