Wani endoscopy shi ne hanyar likita da aka yi amfani dashi don duba abubuwan da ke ciki a cikin hanyar da ba ta da wata hanya. Wadannan ana kiran su "hanyoyi marasa rinjaye" tun lokacin da basu da hanyoyi masu banƙyama don kallon gabobin fiye da miki. Kafin mu sami hanyoyin magancewa, tilas ne wajibi ne mu sami irin wannan sakamako kamar yadda muka samu daga endoscopy. Wadannan hanyoyi kuma za'a iya yin ba tare da maganin rigakafi ba sau da yawa don yin aikin tiyata, sabili da haka yana dauke da ƙananan hadarin.
Tare da endoscopy, yawancin lokaci an saka shi zuwa cikin bakin, ta hanyar tazarar, ko kuma ta hanyar karamin ƙwayar da aka yi a cikin fata lokacin da yake kimantawa a cikin ɗakunan, kirji, ko ciki. Ƙaƙasasshen abu ne mai sauƙi tare da kyamara mai haske. Kamara ta sake dawo da hoton don hoton jikin jiki zai iya gani a kan saka idanu.
An yi amfani da karshen endoscopy lokacin da aka gani na gabobin ciki ya zama dole don yin ganewar asali, kuma endoscopy ya ba da damar yin ganewar asali tare da rashin hadari fiye da tiyata. Ana iya amfani da endoscopy don samun damar shiga gabobin cikin gida don magani.
Matsaloli
Matsalolin yiwuwar endoscopy sun hada da zub da jini, hawaye a cikin bango na kogon da aka shiga, da halayen zuwa magungunan ƙwayoyi.
Anesthesia
Ana amfani da endoscopy a mafi yawan lokuta a karkashin sedation daga magunguna na IV. Marasa lafiya sukan barci yayin aikin, amma barci yana da haske, kuma mafi yawan mutane tadawa jim kadan bayan an aiwatar da wannan irin wannan fitina a wasu lokutan ana kiransa "barci maraice." Tare da wasu hanyoyi, za a iya ba da izinin ci gaba.
Shiri
Shiryawa don endoscopy mafi sau da yawa yana buƙatar azumi (ba cin) tsawon 6 zuwa 8 hours kafin hanya. Domin endoscopy na colon (colonoscopy), za a iya amfani da laxative don tsaftace hanyoyi.
Types of Endoscopy
Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa na hanyoyin endoscopy, ciki har da:
Arthroscopy : Arthroscopy wata hanya ce wadda aka sanya wani ƙananan ƙwayar a cikin fata kuma an saka shi a cikin haɗin gwiwa.
Arthroscopy za a iya amfani dashi don gano asali da kuma bi da yanayin haɗin gwiwa, daga jere daga bincikar maganin ƙwayoyin maganin maganin maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar zuciya. Ba za a iya amfani da wannan hanya ba a kan dukkan kayan aiki, kuma ba mu da wata hanya ta yin dukkanin tiyata, kamar gyaran gyaran haɗin gwiwa, ta hanyar wannan hanyar.
Bronchoscopy : A cikin ƙwayar jiki, an saka wani bututu ta bakin da kuma shige ta hanyar trachea a cikin tubes na jiki (babbar hanyoyi na huhu). Bronchoscopy za a iya amfani dashi don ganin ciwon sukari da kuma yin biopsies. Ta hanyar ƙara duban dan tayi, ana iya amfani da shi a jikin kututtukan kwayoyin halitta wanda ke kusa amma ba a cikin hanyoyi masu hanzari (endotronchial ultrasound). Ana iya amfani dashi don magani, don dakatar da zub da jini daga tumo, ko don farawa cikin jirgin sama idan tarin yana haifar da ruguwa.
Colonoscopy : Kuna iya sane da mallaka daga maganin cutar kankara. A cikin ma'auni, an saka bututu a cikin dubun kuma ya ɗaga ta cikin haɗin. Ana iya amfani da shi wannan hanyar don gano asalin ciwon canji ko cire polyps wanda zai iya samun damar juya zuwa ciwon daji. Saboda haka, mallaka na katako sun rage haɗarin mutuwa daga ciwon daji guda biyu ta hanyar ganewa da wuri, gano magunguna lokacin da suke karami kuma ba su yadu ba, kuma ta hanyar rigakafi na farko, cire polyps wanda zai iya zama rikici.
Colposcopy : An shigar da sutura ta hanyar bude motsi domin ganin yadda zaku iya gani. An fi sau da yawa ne saboda wani abu marar amfani Pap ya ɗauka don neman shaida na dysplasia na mahaifa ko ciwon sankarar mahaifa.
Cystoscopy : A cystoscopy ba da damar likita don kallon cikin ciki na mafitsara don tantance yanayin da ya shafi daga cikin kwayar cutar cystitis zuwa ciwon daji. A cikin wannan hanya, an saka ƙaramin tube ta hanyar urethra (tube wanda zai fita daga mafitsara zuwa waje na jiki) da kuma cikin mafitsara. Kayan aiki na da kayan aiki na musamman a ƙarshen wanda ya ba likitoci damar daukar kwayar cutar ta kowane bangare masu nuna dasu.
ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography): A cikin ERCP, an saka wani bututu daga bakin da ciki da kuma cikin bile da kuma pancreatic ducts wanda zai kai cikin ƙananan hanji daga hanta da kuma pancreas. Wannan hanya za a iya amfani dasu don dawo da gallstones da suka rataye a cikin wadannan duwatsun, kazalika da ganin rayukan (irin su marasa lafiya na bile).
EGD (esophogealgastroduodenoscopy): A cikin EGD, likita ya sanya wani ƙananan tube a cikin bakin da kuma sauka ta ƙarshe ta hanyar esophagus, ciki, da kuma cikin duodenum (ɓangare na ƙananan hanji). EGD yana da matukar tasiri a bincikar yanayin da ke da wuyar ganewa, ciki har da matsaloli tare da mahaukaci irin su Barrett's esophagus, ulcers a cikin ciki da duodenum, kumburi, ciwon daji, cututtuka gastroesophageal disease, har ma da celiac cuta.
Laparoscopy : A cikin laparoscopy, an sanya kananan ƙananan ciki a ciki ciki kuma a kan ƙananan ciki wanda zai ba da damar yin amfani da shi a cikin kogin peritoneal (yankin yana gina gabobin ciki). Ana iya yin duka biyu don ganewar asali kuma a matsayin hanya na zalunta duk komai daga infertility don cire wani shafi.
Laryngoscopy: A laryngoscopy hanya ce da aka saka tube a cikin bakin don ganin rayukan larynx (akwatin murya). Wannan hanya zai iya gano ƙananan hauka a cikin muryar murya daga jinsin polyps zuwa laryngeal cancer.
Mediastinoscopy : A mediastinoscopy hanya ne wanda aka sanya ikon yin amfani da shi ta hanyar murfin kirji a cikin sarari tsakanin kwayoyin (matsakaici). Ana iya amfani da su don gano asali yanayin kamar lymphomas da sarcoidosis, amma an fi sau da yawa a matsayin wani ɓangare na maganin ciwon daji na huhu, don neman kwayoyin lymph a cikin mediastinum wanda cutar ta iya yada.
Proctoscopy: A proctoscopy yana da ikon yinsa wanda za a iya saka ta hanyar anus don kimanta ɗayan ɗayan (kashi 6 zuwa 8 inci na ciwon ko ciwon hanji ). Ana yin shi sau da yawa don kimanta zubar da jini.
Thoracoscopy: A koyaswaƙƙiya hanya ce wadda aka sanya kananan ƙwayoyin a cikin murfin katako don samun damar shiga cikin huhu. Bugu da ƙari da ake amfani dashi don yin amfani da kwayoyin halittu, wannan aikin yanzu ana amfani dasu don cire cutar warkaswa. Wannan hanya ana kiransa VATS ko bidiyo da aka taimaka wa magungunan thoracoscopic. Za'a iya aiwatar da tsarin VATS a cikin lokaci mai tsawo da gajeren lokaci kaɗan da kuma sakamako mai tsawo na tiyata. Ba duk likitocin likitoci ba, an horar da su a cikin wannan hanya, kuma ba dukkanin cututtukan huhu ba zasu iya kaiwa ta wannan hanya.
Sources:
Ƙasar Amirka ta Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kwayoyi. Cancer.Net. Updated 02 / 2-16. http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/diagnosing-cancer/tests-and-procedures/types-endoscopy