Definition
Glucose 6 Harshen Farin Hudu na Dehydrogenase (G6PD) shi ne rashin daidaituwa ta asali a cikin duniya. Kimanin mutane miliyan 400 suna fama da duniya. Akwai babban canji a cikin tsananin da aka dogara da maye gurbi.
G6PD wani enzyme ne da aka samo a cikin salin jinin da ake bukata don samar da makamashi zuwa tantanin halitta. Idan ba tare da wannan makamashi ba, jikin jiki (hemolysis) ya rushe jinin jini wanda zai haifar da anemia da jaundice (yellowing of skin).
Wane ne yake da ma'auni don rashin daidaituwa G6PD?
Ginin ga G6PD yana samuwa ne a kan ƙananan mazaunin X da suka fi dacewa ga raunin G6PD (matsalar X-linked). Gwargwadon G6PD yana kare mutane daga kamuwa da cutar cizon sauro don haka an fi yawan gani a yankunan da ke dauke da ciwon haɗari na ƙwayar cutar cizon sauro kamar su Afirka, yankin Rumunan, da Asiya. A {asar Amirka, kashi 10 cikin 100 na 'yan Afrika na Amirka suna da raunin G6PD.
Mene ne cututtuka?
Kwayar cututtuka na dogara ne akan abin da kuka gaji. Wasu mutane ba za a iya gano su ba yayin da babu alamun bayyanar. Wasu marasa lafiya da raunin G6PD suna da bayyanar cututtuka kawai idan aka bayyana su zuwa wasu magunguna ko abincin (duba jerin da ke ƙasa). Wasu mutane za a iya gano su a matsayin jarirai bayan shan jaundice mai tsanani (wanda ake kira hyperbilirubinemia). A wa] annan marasa lafiya da wa] anda ke da nau'ukan da suka fi tsanani ga raunin G6PD tare da halayen halayen na yau da kullum, alamu sun hada da:
- Pallor ko kodadde launi zuwa fata
- Rapid zuciya kudi
- Wuci ko gajiya
- Sukan ji damu ko m
- Rawan fata na fata (jaundice) ko idanu (screral icterus)
- Dark fitsari
Ta yaya ake gano Gwargwadon G6PD?
Binciken Gwarwar G6PD zai iya zama tricky. Na farko, ya likita dole ne a yi tsammanin cewa kana da nakasar jini (raunin jini). Hakanan yawancin jini ya tabbatar da wannan kuma ƙididdigar reticulocyte.
Sugar ƙwayoyin cuta ne marasa jinin jini wanda aka aiko daga kasusuwa na kasuwa a cikin amsa ga anemia. Ananawa tare da ƙaddarar reticulocyte mai daraja ya kasance daidai da anemia hemolytic. Sauran labs na iya haɗa da kididdigan bilirubin da za a daukaka. An cire Bilirubiin daga jinin jini yayin da aka rushe su da kuma haifar da jaundice a lokacin rikicin rikici.
Yayin da za a gane ƙayyadaddun ganewa, likitanka zai bukaci yin sararin samaniya daga jikin jini (AIHA). Kwalejin gwajin gwaji ta duniya (wanda ake kira gwajin gwagwarmayar Coombs) yayi nazarin ko akwai kwayoyin cutar zuwa kwayoyin jini ta jini wanda zai haifar da kai hari ta hanyar rigakafi. Kamar yadda a cikin mafi yawan lokuttan cutar anemia, jinin jinin (shafawar microscope na jini) yana da taimako sosai. A cikin raunin G6PD, ƙwayoyin maciji da ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwa suna na kowa. Wadannan suna haifar da canje-canje da suka faru a cikin jini jini kamar yadda aka lalace.
Idan an yi la'akari da raunin G6PD, za a iya kashe matakin G6PD. Gwargwadon matakin G6PD daidai ne da raunin G6PD. Abin baƙin ciki shine, a tsakiyar rikici mai rikici mai rikitarwa a matakin G6PD na yau da kullum ba ya rage rashi. Da yawa reticulocytes gabatar a lokacin hemolytic rikicin dauke da matakai na al'ada na G6PD haifar da ƙarya korau.
Idan an yi tsammanin gaske, dole ne a sake gwada gwajin lokacin da mai haƙuri ya kasance a matsayi na asali.
Ta yaya ake kula da G6PD?
Ka guje wa magunguna ko abincin da ke haifar da cututtukan jini (raunin jini). Wasu daga cikin waɗannan an rubuta su a kasa.
- Fava wake (kuma ake kira m wake)
- Moth bukukuwa (ko wasu kayayyakin dauke da naphthalene)
- Sulfa maganin maganin rigakafi kamar Bactrim / Septra, sulfadiazine
- Quinolone maganin rigakafi kamar ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
- Nitrofurantoin (kwayoyin halitta)
- Magunguna masu cutar malaria kamar primaquine
- Methylene blue
- Tarin magungunan TB kamar su dapsone da sulfoxone
- Magunguna maganin cututtuka kamar doxorubicin ko rasburicase
- Phenazopyridine
Ana amfani da karfin jini yayin da anemia mai tsanani kuma mai haƙuri yana da alamun bayyanar. Abin farin, yawancin marasa lafiya ba su buƙatar transfusion.