Duk da yiwuwar samun cututtuka na numfashi na sama da ƙananan cututtuka a kowace shekara, yawancin yara suna da matakan ƙarfi.
Wasu ba haka ba.
Kuma wadannan yara masu rigakafi suna fuskantar haɗari ga cututtuka, ciki har da cututtuka na rigakafi.
Yara da Firamare na Immunospression
Akwai akalla yanayi daban-daban na 250 wanda zai iya haifar da matsala na tsarin.
Wadannan ƙananan marasa lafiya, wadanda suke haifar da yanayin kwayoyin halitta kuma matsala ta farko shine tare da tsarin da ba a rigakafi ba, zai iya haɗawa da:
- Tashin hankalin antibody - Agammaglobulinemia na X, muni marar iyaka, rashin zazzabi IgA, da kuma IgG subclass rashi, da dai sauransu.
- Raunin salula - ƙwayar cutar rashin lafiya (SCID) mai tsanani, ciwo na DiGeorge, ciwo na Wiskott-Aldrich, da kuma ataxia-telangiectasia, etc.a
- Rashin rashin lafiya mai ciwon ciki - rashin lafiya na ciwon zuciya, rashin lafiya na IgE, lalacewar rikici, da raunin myeloperoxidase, da dai sauransu.
Yaya yawancin waɗannan yanayi?
Sun kasance mafi yawan fiye da yawancin mutane suna tunanin, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yana da muhimmanci a nemi alamun gargaɗin rashin rashin daidaituwa ta farko idan yaronka yana da rashin lafiya sosai, ciki har da:
- da ciwon cututtuka masu tsanani da suke buƙatar asibiti ko maganin rigakafi, maimakon karin maganin maganin rigakafi
- da ciwon cututtuka a wurare daban-daban ko kuma wadanda aka haifar da wani sabon abu, ko kwayoyin cuta, ko naman gwari, da dai sauransu.
- da ciwon ciwon haɗuwa da ba'a taɓa ganin su gaba daya ba
- da ciwon ciwon da ke ci gaba da dawowa
- tare da wasu 'yan uwa da matsaloli irin wannan tare da cututtuka masu tsanani
Wani bincike na 2007 a Amurka ya kiyasta cewa "yawan kuɗin da aka samu don cutar da cutar ta PID kamar 1 a 2,000 ga yara, 1 a cikin 1,200 ga dukan mutane, da kuma 1 a cikin gidaje 600." Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa yawan kuɗi zai iya zama mafi girma.
Secondary Immunosuppression
Bugu da ƙari ga marasa lafiya na farko, yara za su iya samun ƙananan marasa lafiya, wanda wani yanayin zai shafi tsarin rigakafin yara.
Wadannan matakan na biyu sun haɗa da:
- Cutar cututtuka , kamar HIV
- Hanyoyi na illa - daga chemotherapy don maganin yara tare da ciwon daji don magance cututtuka da kuma ƙaddamar da ciwo na nephrotic, yawancin yara suna cikin hadari don cututtuka domin magungunan da suka ɗauka ya sa ya fi ƙarfin jikinsu don yin yaki da cututtuka
- Yanayi na yau da kullum , ciki har da ciwon sukari, wadanda suke da hatsari da rashin lafiya , da kuma gazawar koda / dialysis
- Yaran da ke da cikakkun nauyin (ba wanda ya yi amfani da shi) ko kuma aikin aiki (wani ɓangaren da ba ya aiki da kyau) - ko cutar ta hanyar cututtuka ne, ko kuma spherocytosis wanda ke da nasaba, barazana na kwayan cuta cututtuka, musamman Hib, Neiserria meningitis, Streptococcus ciwon huhu, da dai sauransu.
- Mai gina jiki mai tsanani
Yaya yara da yawa suke tare da wadannan nau'o'in kulawar immunodeficien na biyu?
Duk da yake akwai ba a yi la'akari da cikakken kididdigar da aka yi game da yawancin rashin lafiya ba, za su hada da:
- Kimanin yara 10,000 da matasa da ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV
- Abun yara fiye da 15,700 da matasa wadanda aka gano da ciwon daji a kowace shekara, yawancin waɗanda aka magance su tare da maganin rigakafi
- Kusan yara 200,000 da matasa da ciwon sukari
- Kimanin yara 1,000 da aka haifa a Amurka a kowace shekara tare da ciwon sikila
Har ila yau, yara masu yawa tare da wasu yanayi sun kara yawan haɗarin cututtuka, ciki har da wadanda ke da lupus, cystic fibrosis, da Down syndrome, da dai sauransu.
Abin da Iyaye Ya Kamata Ya San Game da Immunosupression
Akwai misalai da yawa game da yara da rashin lafiya, musamman ma game da maganin alurar riga kafi. Alal misali, kawai saboda yara da ke yin maganin cutar shan magani suna iya samun maganin rigakafi, ba yana nufin cewa ya kamata su zama kamar yadda ba za su yi aiki ba.
Kuna buƙatar wani aiki, aiki na rigakafi don maganin alurar riga kafi don aiki yadda ya kamata. Dalilin da ya saba wa maganin rigakafin rai yayin da yarinyar ke samun chemotherapy ne saboda zai iya haifar da yaron ya kamu da cutar.
Sauran abubuwa da za su sani game da yara tare da rashin lafiya sun hada da cewa:
- Yaran da yawa da rashin kulawa na farko suna iya samun maganin alurar rigakafi da yawa, ciki har da maganin alurar rigakafi, dangane da irin rashin rashin daidaituwa. Sauran ba zai iya ba, ko maganin da suka karɓa bazai yi aiki ba sosai, saboda haka yana da muhimmanci "don ƙirƙirar 'kariya masu kare lafiyar' marasa lafiya da ke kewaye da marasa lafiya wadanda ke fama da cututtuka na rashin rashin daidaituwa na farko don kada su sami damar samun tsiraicin kamuwa da cuta kamar mura. "
- Yawancin yara masu fama da nakasa na biyu sun iya samun yawancin ko alurar rigakafin su kafin su zama marasa lafiya, amma sun rasa wannan kariya a yanzu saboda rashin daidaituwa.
- Labaran gwaje-gwaje na iya taimakawa wajen gane idan yarinya yana da matsala tare da tsarin rigakafi.
- Kuskuren rigakafi ba yakan zama matsala ga mafi yawan yara da matsaloli na tsarin ba da rigakafin kuma an bada shawarar cewa kullun lambobin sadarwa na yara tare da immunodeficiencies sun karbi duk maganin alurar riga kafi sai dai maganin rigakafi na maganin cutar shan inna. Kuma idan ba zasu hadu da mutumin da yake da matukar damuwa ba, irin su samun suturfan kwayar halitta da kuma kasancewa a cikin yanayi mai kariya, zasu iya samun rayayyen kwayar cutar ta mura.
Ko da yake mafi yawan mutane sun koyi game da rashin lafiya daga fina-finai da talabijin, waɗannan yara ba su zama cikin kumfa ba. Suna zuwa makaranta da kuma kulawa rana kuma suna ƙoƙari su yi rayuwa ta al'ada.
Kada mu manta cewa yana da wuya ga yara suyi rayuwa tare da immunodeficiencies.
Sources:
Cibiyar Cancer na Amurka. Ciwon daji a yara da matasa. Cancer Facts & Figures 2014.
CDC. Rahoton Bincike na HIV: Bincike kan cutar HIV da Ciwon AIDS a Amurka da kuma Yankunan Sanya, 2013.
JM Boyle. Yawan Jama'a na Tsarin Lafiya na Cutar Abun Cutar Ebola a Amurka. Jaridar Clinical Immunology. Satumba 2007, Volume 27, Issue 5, shafi na 497-502.
Kwamitin Shawarar Kwararrun Asibiti na Ƙungiyar Rashin Gida. Shawarwari don maganin rigakafi da kwayoyin cutar ta kwayoyin cuta a marasa lafiya da marasa lafiya da ƙananan lambobi. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
Ƙararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararru da Gida. Domin ƙananan cututtuka na Immunodeficiency, 5th Edition