Fahimtar Ƙananan Irin Ƙwayar Anana
Cold agglutinin cututtuka (CAD) wani nau'i ne mai ban sha'awa na anemia -wanda yake tasowa lokacin da kwayar cutar ta kai hari da kuma lalacewar jinin jininku. Babban abin da ya fi dacewa na AIHA shi ne saboda wani mutum mai dumi. Wannan yana nufin cewa antibody ya haɗa kai zuwa jikin jini a jikin dumi (jiki). Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, CAD na faruwa ne na biyu ga wani mai mai sanyi, ma'ana cewa antibody yana haɗuwa lokacin da ake nuna jinin jini a yanayin sanyi, yawanci a hannun, ƙafa, da kuma hanci.
Wadannan cututtukan suna haifar da jinin jinin ku don haɗawa, wanda ake kira agglutination. CAD yana faruwa fiye da mata, musamman a tsofaffi.
Mene ne alamun CAD?
- Wuci ko rauni
- Rawancin numfashi, musamman tare da aiki
- Acrocyanosis: ganowa mai laushi na yatsunsu, yatsun hannu, hanci, ko kunnuwa. Wannan zubar da ciki ya ɓace lokacin da mai tsanani ya ke yankin. Wannan na iya dangantaka da zafi. Ya kamata kada a dame shi da abin mamaki na Raynaud .
- Rash: CAD na iya haifar da livedo reticularis, ci gaban wani m, lace-kamar rash. Wani lokaci ana kiranta wannan fata.
Me ya sa CAD?
- Idiopathic: babu dalilin da aka gano
- Kamuwa da cuta: Dalili guda biyu mafi yawa shine maganin ciwon huhu na mycoplasma (cututtuka na numfashi) da cutar Epstein-Barr (EBV, cutar da ke haifar da mononucleosis). Hakanan za'a iya haifar shi da wasu cututtukan cututtuka, irin su cytomegalovirus (CMV), kyanda, mumps, ko rubella. Wadannan sharuɗɗa na CAD suna da iyakacin kansu kuma yawanci suna warware cikin mako ɗaya zuwa uku.
- Labaran cutar sankarar lymphocytic na yau da kullum
- Lymphoma: ciwon daji na ƙwayar lymph
Ta yaya aka gano CAD?
Idan anemia ta kasance mai sauƙi, za'a iya gano shi a hankali akan cikakken ƙididdigar jini (CBC) da aka samo don wasu dalilai. Bugu da ƙari ga anemia, CBC na iya bayyana macrocytosis, kara girman girman jini. Kwayoyin jinin jini ba ainihin manyan ba, amma yayin da kwayoyin jan jini suke haɗuwa tare, injin ya karanta shi a matsayin ƙwayoyin jini mai girma.
Binciken jini na jini (zane-zane na zub da jini) zai iya taimakawa wajen tantance idan an yi amfani da kwayoyin (kwaya tare). Misali da sauran ƙananan ƙwayoyin jini, an ƙaddamar da ƙwayar reticulocyte (ƙananan jini jini) a matsayin kututtukan kasusuwan ƙoƙarin maye gurbin jinin jinin da aka hallaka.
Saboda CAD na da maganin cutar anemia, cutar gwajin antiglobulin ta kai tsaye (DAT, ko gwajin gwagwarmaya ta kai tsaye) zai kasance tabbatacciya, yana nuna cewa akwai kwayoyin cutar jinin jini. Akwai gwaji na musamman don nemawar agglutinin sanyi don tabbatar da ganewar asali.
Saboda yawancin CAD na gaba da wani matsala, za'a iya ƙara ƙarin gwaji don sanin dalilin, don a iya bi da shi daidai.
Menene Jiyya ga Cold Agglutinin Cututtuka?
Idan anemia ta kasance mai sauƙi, ba a buƙaci magani na musamman. Idan anemia ya kasance mai tsanani da / ko kun kasance bayyanar cututtuka daga anemia (m zuciya, gajiya, rashin hankali) za ku buƙaci buƙatar jinin jini. Saboda yaduwar jini ba zai kawar da muminin sanyi ba, ana bukatar karfin jini ta hanyar zafi, don haka antibody ba ya haɗawa da kwayoyin jinin jini wanda aka canza.
Wani muhimmin sashi na kulawa da CAD shine kauce wa yanayin sanyi. Wannan ya fi sauƙi fiye da yadda yake cikin rayuwa ta ainihi. Wannan yana nufin mutanen da ke shan wahala tare da CAD sukan sa hatsi, safofin hannu, da safa ko da a cikin yanayin dumi, kamar yadda za'a iya nunawa a ɗakin dakuna ko yanayin. Bugu da ƙari, tufafi mai dumi, shan ruwan sanyi, ko kuma yin jigilar jikin jiki a cikin ruwan sanyi ya kamata a kauce masa.
Rituximab wata kwayar cuta ne mai ciwo (IV) wanda ke taimakawa wajen halakar da jini mai tsabta wadda take samar da kwayoyin cutar kan jini, wanda ake kira B-sel. Buri shine cewa lokacin da kwayoyin B ɗinku suka sake farfadowa, ba zasu sake yin antibody ba.
Wannan ana amfani dashi musamman ga marasa lafiya da cutar mai tsanani.
Magunguna irin su steroids da immunoglobulin intravenin (IVIG), waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don sauran cututtukan jini ba su da tasiri a CAD. Splenctomy (iya cirewa daga cikin ƙwaƙwalwa) zai iya zama magani mai mahimmanci ga anemia mai haɗarin ƙarancin mutum, amma a CAD mafi yawancin lalata jini ya faru a cikin hanta, yana sa shi rashin amfani.