Cutar Lafiya

An Bayyana Halin Cutar Lafiya

Cutar jini ya ƙunshi matsaloli a cikin jini ko ƙashin kashi. Bayan haihuwa, kullun kasusuwanmu (sashi mai kyau a tsakiyar ƙasusuwanmu) shine tushen tushen sabon jini. Sau da yawa, matsalolin da yaduwar kasusuwa na jini ya haifar da cutar jini. Cutar jini zai iya faruwa daga kowane ɓangaren hudu na jini:

1. Kwayoyin jinin jini - wanda zai taimaka wajen yaki da cututtuka.
2. Kwayoyin jinin jini-wanda ke dauke da oxygen zuwa kyallen takarda.

1. Platelets-wanda zai taimaka wajen dakatar da jini.
2. Plasma-wanda ke ɗauke da wasu abubuwan da aka hade ciki har da dalilai masu amfani (wanda zai taimaka wajen dakatar da zub da jini) da kuma abubuwan da suka haifar da kwayoyin halitta (wanda ya hana rikitan kwance).

> Duba wani maganganu da kwayoyin jinin jini a kusa.

Rahotan jini mai tsabta sune ake kira leukocytosis kuma ana kiran su leukopenia. Akwai nau'in jini guda biyar na jini, duk waɗanda zasu iya shafawa:

1. Granulocytes (wanda ake kira neutrophils ko tsauraran tsaka-tsaki)

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1. Lymphocytes
2. Monocytes
3. Eosinophils
4. Basophils

Yawancin yanayin kiwon lafiya sunyi daidai da ƙwarewar cutar jini amma sun bambanta ƙwarai. Gaba ɗaya, lokacin da likitoci suke magana akan wani abu a matsayin jini, suna nuna cewa ba zato ba ne (benign).

Wasu cututtuka na jini suna rayuwa a cikin sarari tsakanin mintaka da mummunan (cancerous) -ananan lokutan da ake magana da su a matsayin mahimmanci-kuma yana iya haifar da ciwon daji. Labaran cutar sankarar ba a haɗa shi ba a cikin lokaci mafi girma na cutar jini kamar yadda ciwon daji ne na jini / kasusuwa. Rashin lafiyar jini yafi yawan gani ne ta hanyar likitan jini-likitoci waɗanda suka kware a cikin ganewar asali da kuma kula da matsalolin da ke cikin jininka da / ko kullun kasusuwa.

Nau'in iri

• Neutropenia shine yawan ƙananan neutrophils, irin nau'in jini. Tsarin neutrophils wani ɓangare ne na tsarinka na rigakafin da ke yaki da cututtuka na kwayan cuta. Akwai dalilai masu yawa ciki har da neutropenia na autoimmune, Swachman Diamond Syndrome, da neutropenia cyclic.
• Sakamakon cututtuka daga adadin ƙwayar jini ko haemoglobin-sunadaran da ke dauke da oxygen. Ana iya haifar da cututtuka daga nauyin baƙin ƙarfe, ciwon sikila, ko thalassemia.
• Magunguna na polycythemia (PV) wani yanayin ne wanda yatsun karenka ya haifar da yawan kwayoyin jini. Wannan haɓaka zai iya haifar da hadarin halittar jini.
• Kwancen thrombocytopenic ba tare da wata hanya ba ne (ITP) wani yanayin ne wanda aka sanya alamar tallanka a matsayin "kasashen waje" kuma an hallaka su. Wannan zai haifar da ƙananan platelet ƙidaya da zub da jini.
• Thrombocytosis yana nufin karin yawan adadi. Abin farin cikin, mafi yawan lokutan, ƙididdigar platelet da aka haɓaka ya haifar da wani abu dabam (maganin thrombocytosis) wanda zai inganta idan yanayin da ya dace ya inganta. Ƙari game da, duk da haka, yanayin jinin yana da muhimmanci kamar thrombocythemia (ET) inda kullun kashinka ya zama babban lambobi na platelets wanda zai haifar da hadarin bunkasa jini.

• Hemophilia wani nau'i ne wanda ke haifar da rage yawan abubuwan da ke haifarwa (8, 9, da 11). Wannan yana haifar da zub da jini. Mutanen da ke dauke da hemophilia sukan kira "free bleeders" kyauta.
• Ruwan jini (wanda ake kira thrombosis) zai iya faruwa a ko'ina cikin jiki. A cikin kwakwalwa, an kira shi bugun jini; a cikin zuciya, an kira shi da ciwon zuciya (ko infarction na tsohuwar jiki). Cikakke mai zurfi (DVT) yana nufin jini a cikin makamai ko ƙafafu.

Cutar cututtuka

Hanyoyin cututtuka na cutar jini sun bambanta kamar yaduwar cutar. Wasu cututtukan jini suna haifar da wasu alamun alamun, yayin da wasu suna da alhakin ƙarin. Misali:

• Abun cutar zai iya haifar da gajiya, rashin ƙarfi na numfashi, ko ƙara yawan zuciya.
• Thrombocytopenia zai iya haifar da karawa da jini ko bakin jini.
• Hemophilia kuma zai iya haifar da zub da jini mai yawa amma an san shi musamman akan ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayar jikin mutum ba tare da ciwo mai tsanani ba.
• Ruwan jini a cikin hannaye ko kafafu na iya haifar da kumburi da zafi.

Sanin asali

Likitanka zai bincika ka da bayyanar cututtuka don ƙayyade mahimmancin ganewar asali.

Wannan zai gano aikin da ake buƙatar tabbatar da ganewar asali. Kamar yadda ka yi tsammani, mafi yawan lokaci ana buƙatar aikin jini. Wasu lokuta akwai cututtuka na jini a kan aikin da aka tsara don wasu dalilai kamar jarrabawa na shekara-shekara.

Kwalejin da aka fi amfani dashi don gano cutar jini shine cikakken jini (CBC). CBC na kallon nau'in jini guda biyu kuma ya ƙayyade idan an ƙara yawan ƙwayar jini ko ragewa ko kuma idan an kara yawan kwayar jini. Wannan bayanin zai iya haifar da ganewar asali ko sanar da cewa an buƙata aikin yin aiki. Za a iya haɗawa da CBC tare da CBC kuma ya ba likitanka (ko masanin pathologist) damar duba jini a karkashin microscope don samar da ƙarin bayani mai taimako.

Idan kana da zub da jini mai yawa, likitanka zai iya kallo gwajin jini wanda ake kira "coags". "Coags" ya hada da gwaje-gwaje biyu da ke duban tsarin haɗin gwiwar-lokaci na prothrombin (PT) da kuma lokaci na thromboplastin lokaci (PTT).

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Wadannan gwaje-gwajen sun bada cikakkun bayanai game da yadda yaduwar jinin ku ke. Idan PT ko PTT sun dadewa (yana nuna cewa za ku iya zubar da jini fiye da sauran mutane), za a yi karin aiki. Kwararka na iya yin umurni da tsari na kowane abu na coagulation ko tantance ayyukan da ke cikin plalets.

Ruwan jini yana da ɗan bambanci. Don tantance su, likitanku zai buƙatar hotunan game da yankin. A cikin makamai ko ƙafafu, an yi amfani da duban dan tayi don tantance yiwuwar yarinya. A cikin huhu ko kwakwalwa, CT (kwamfuta tomography) ko MRI (hotunan haɓaka mai kwakwalwa) ana amfani dasu da yawa.

Jiyya

Gwargwadon ƙaddara ya ƙayyade ta ƙayyadadden ƙwarewarku. Wasu cututtukan jini na yau da kullum ba su da magani musamman amma suna iya buƙatar magani a lokacin abubuwan da suka faru. Misali:

• Za'a iya magance cututtukan da aka lalacewa ta hanyar ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe tare da ƙarfin ƙarfe. Beta mai tsanani na cutar beta, wanda aka gada ta anemia, ana bi da shi tare da haɗin jini na kowane wata.
• Za a iya magance hemophilia tare da samfurori na maye gurbin matakan da za a iya amfani dasu don biyan mutum ko kuma, idan aka ba shi akai-akai, hana hanzarin (prophylaxis).

Yana da muhimmanci a tattauna da likitanka abin da mafi kyawun maganin ya kasance a gare ka da kuma ganewar asali.

Kalma Daga

Koyon ku ko ƙaunataccen mai yiwuwa yana da cutar jini zai iya zama abin ban tsoro. Wani lokaci wannan danniya ya karu yayin da ake kira cibiyar cibiyar ciwon daji don ganin likita. Wannan ba dole ba ne cewa likitanku yana zaton kuna da ciwon daji. Yawancin masu ilmin likita suna kuma horar da su akan ilimin halitta (ganewar asali da jiyya na ciwon daji) da kuma aiki a ɗakunan shan magani tare da masu ilimin likita. Da fatan, samun fahimtar yadda zubar da jini zai sauke wasu daga damuwa.

> Source:

> Kaushansky K, Lichtman MA, Prchal J, Levi MM, Latsa O, Burns L, Caligiuri M. (2016). Williams Hematology (9th ed.) Amurka. McGraw-Hill Education.