Idan kwakwalwa ta kasance kamfani ne, hypothalamus zai kasance kamar kamfanonin "Utilities". Yayin da yawancin bashi da hankali ke zuwa sassa na kwakwalwa da ke sadarwa, kirkiro, da aiki, hypothalamus yana da alhakin dumama, ruwa, da kuma sauran abubuwa masu mahimmanci da ke kiyaye dukkanin tsarin.
Ainihin aikin hypothalamus za a iya taƙaita shi tare da kalmar homeostasis, wanda ke nufin kiyaye al'amuran ciki na jiki kamar yadda ya kamata.
Wannan hypothalamus yana kiyaye mu daga kasancewar zafi, sanyi, damuwa, damuwa, da ƙishirwa, da sauransu.
Yayinda hypothalamus ke da alhakin kiyaye mu a cikin ƙasa mai kwari, akwai lokuta da wannan yanayin ya buƙaci canzawa. Lokacin da halin da ake ciki na barazanar rai, bazai buƙatar ka yi la'akari da yadda kake jin yunwa ba. Tsarin labarun, wanda yake da alaka da motsin rai, yana sadarwa tare da hypothalamus, wanda zai haifar da canji na jiki da ake danganta da wasu jihohi. Amygdala yana da dangantaka da hypothalamus ta hanyoyi biyu. Sauran yankuna na gwaira, irin su corrax orbitofrontal , insula, cingulate na baya da kuma cortices na lokaci suna sadarwa tare da hypothalamus.
Yankuna na Hypothalamus
Kamar sauran sauran kwakwalwa, wurare daban-daban na hypothalamus suna aiki daban-daban. Wadannan wurare za a iya bambanta ta hanyar haɗin kai ga sauran kwakwalwa.
Alal misali, hypothalamus yana rarraba cikin rabi ta fibers na wani ɓangaren kwayar fata wanda ake kira sashin, wanda ke gudana daga gaban hypothalamus zuwa baya. Sassan ɓangaren hypothalamus kusa da ciki cikin kwakwalwa (tsakiya na tsakiya) suna hulɗa da sashi na amygdala ta hanyar wani fili wanda ake kira filin wasa.
Amygdala yana taimakawa wajen nuna tsoro, kuma batun na tsakiya na hypothalamus yana da alamar amsawa ta "yakin-ko-jirgin", misali ta hanyar ƙayyade ci. Babu lokacin da za ku huta kuma kuyi idan kuna kusa da gudu don rayuwanku!
A gefen hypothalamus da ke kusa da kwakwalwa (ta gefen gefe) yana da kishiyar tasirin ci. Saboda wannan yanki yana da mahimmanci a cike da ci, ciwon daji a wannan yanki zai iya haifar da nauyin jikin jiki mai tsanani. Wannan yankin yana da mahimmanci a ƙishirwa, kamar yadda raunuka na ƙaddamarwa na gaba zai iya haifar da rage yawan abincin ruwa.
Ayyukan hypothalamus kuma suna raba daga gaban zuwa baya. Alal misali, sassa na baya na hypothalamus sun fi dacewa da kwantar da jiki ta hanyar ƙara yawan jini zuwa fata da kuma haifar da sutura. Komawar hypothalamus yana da hannu tare da kiyaye jikin jikin dumi.
Bugu da ƙari, hypothalamus yana da alhakin daidaita yanayin yanayinmu na wakefulness da barci. Tsakanin mahimmanci a gaban hypothalamus shine hidima na cikin gida, bari mu san lokacin lokacin kwanta. Wannan ɓangaren kwakwalwa yana haɗi da yankuna masu haske wanda ya daidaita yanayin mu na ciki zuwa hasken rana.
Yaya Hypothalamus "Magana" ga Jiki?
Harshen hypothalamus yana canza matsala ta jiki ta hanyar sadarwa tare da jiki ta hanyoyi biyu. Hanyar farko ita ce ta hanyar tsarin kulawa ta jiki . Na biyu shi ne ta hanyar tsarin endocrin, ma'ana zubar da kwayoyin hormones cikin jini.
Madabobi masu mahimmanci sun fito ne daga tsakiya na tsakiya na hypothalamus, amma kuma daga dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus kuma daga layi da na baya hypothalamus. Da farko, waɗannan zarutun masu kwakwalwa suna tafiya a cikin hanyar fararen fata da ake kira labaran asibitoci na tsakiya. Sai suka shiga cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa ta lantarki da kuma periaqueductal launin toka.
Hannun sunadaran ne a kan ƙwayar cuta a cikin kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa da kuma tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin jaka, kuma a kan juyayi a cikin ɓangaren halitta na tsakiya na thoracolumbar. Da yawa daga cikin kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa a cikin kwakwalwa suna karɓar bayanai daga hypothalamus, irin su solitarius nucleus, nuclei noradrenergic, racle nucleus, da kuma pontomedullary reticular formation.
Har ila yau, hypothalamus yana aiki tare da glandon kwakwalwa don sarrafa tsarin endocrin jiki. Pituitary yana da ikon zubar da kwayoyin hormones kai tsaye cikin jini. Wannan misali ne mai ban sha'awa na wani wuri inda yaduwar kwakwalwa ta kwakwalwa da aka tsara don ci gaba da ciwo daga kwance zuwa cikin kwakwalwa ba ya nan daga ginin kwakwalwa. Wasu kwayoyin hormones, irin su oxytocin da vasopressin, an yi su kai tsaye a cikin hypothalamus (a cikin dodon magunguna na tsakiya da misali,), kuma sun ɓoye kusa da baya na pituitary. Sashen waje na pituitary ya ƙunshi sel da suke yin jimloli. Wadannan hormones an kayyade su ne ta wasu ɓoye da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta wanda aka saukar da kwayar cutar jijiyoyin jiki a cikin ƙwayar kwalliya, inda aka saki su da jini. Duk waɗannan ɓoye na hormonal an kayyade su ta hanyar madauran maɓallin amsawa marasa ma'ana, ma'ana cewa kwakwalwa zai iya gano lokacin da matakan hormone suka yi tsawo kuma rage yawancin sakamakon.
Wannan na iya zama babban rikitarwa, kuma hakan ne. Amma aikin da ya dace na homeostasis ko da a fuskar wahala ya dace da shi!
Sources
Blumenfeld H, Neuroanatomy ta hanyar Cutar Clinical. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002.
Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Ka'idodi na Adams da Victor na Lafiya, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.