Duba kalma, gumi, ruwan sanyi, da sauransu
Kuna iya mamakin sanin cewa abun da ke jikin jikin mu yana da wuya. Dangane da ruwan jiki, tsari ya biyo baya . Ƙungiyarmu ta haɗa waɗannan ruwaye don saduwa da mu na jiki, da tunaninmu, da kuma bukatunmu na rayuwa.
Bari mu dubi abin da ake yi wa jiki guda takwas daga: (1) gumi, (2) CSF, (3) jini, (4) salula, (5) hawaye, (6) fitsari, (7) maniyyi, da kuma (8) madara nono.
Sweat
Sweating shi ne hanyar thermoregulation - hanyar da za mu kwantar da kanmu. Sweat evaporates daga surface mu fata da kuma sanyaya jikinmu.
Me yasa ba ku gumi ba? Me ya sa kake bugu da yawa? Akwai bambancin yadda mutane ke sha. Wasu mutane gumi ya ragu, kuma wasu mutane sunyi gumi. Abubuwan da za su iya shafar yadda kuke yaduwa sun hada da jinsin halitta, jinsi, yanayi, da kuma yanayin jiki.
Ga wasu cikakkun bayanai game da sukar:
- Maza sun fi zafi fiye da mata.
- Mutanen da ba su da siffar sutura fiye da mutanen da suke da karfin jiki.
- Matsayin hydration zai iya rinjayar yadda yawan gumi kake samarwa.
- Mutane da yawa suna yin gumi fiye da mutane masu wuta saboda suna da jiki mafi girma don kwantar da hankali.
Hyperhidrosis wata yanayin likita ne wanda mutum zai iya shawaɗa sosai, ko da a lokacin hutawa ko lokacin sanyi. Hyperhidrosis zai iya tashi na biyu zuwa wasu yanayi, irin su hyperthyroidism, cututtukan zuciya, ciwon daji, da kuma cututtukan carcinoid.
Hyperhidrosis wani abu ne mai dadi da kuma wani lokacin kunya. Idan kun yi zaton kuna da hyperhidrosis, don Allah saduwa da likitan ku. Akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓukan magani, irin su marasa lafiya, magunguna, Botox, da kuma tiyata don cire ƙuƙasasshen ƙura.
Nau'in gumi yana dogara da dalilai da dama, ciki har da cin abinci mai ruwa, zafi mai zafi, zafi, da aikin hormonal da kuma irin glandar gurasar (eccrine ko apocrine).
Gaba ɗaya, gumi yana ƙunshe da haka:
- Ruwa
- Sodium chloride (gishiri)
- Urea (kayan sharar gida)
- Albumin (furotin)
- Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, da kuma calcium)
Sweat da aka samar da gurasar eccrine , wadda ta fi girma, tana da ƙanshi. Duk da haka, gurasar da mai zurfi da ƙananan fata suka samo a cikin gwanin (axilla) da kuma buguwa yana da ƙanshi saboda yana dauke da kwayoyin halitta da aka samo daga kwayoyin halitta. Gishiri a gumi yana ba shi dandano mai dandano. PH na gumi yana tsakanin 4.5 da 7.5.
Abin sha'awa, bincike ya nuna cewa cin abinci zai iya shafar gumi da yawa, kuma. Mutane da suka cinye fiye da sodium suna da mafi girma taro na sodium a cikin gumi. Hakanan, mutanen da suka cinye kananan sodium suna samar da gumi wanda ya ƙunshi ƙasa da sodium.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), wanda ya wanke kwakwalwa da kashin baya, yana da ruwa marar lahani, wanda yake da ayyuka masu yawa. Na farko, yana samar da kayan gina jiki ga kwakwalwa da ƙwararre. Abu na biyu, yana kawar da kayan sharar gida daga tsarin kulawa na tsakiya. Kuma na uku, shi matashi ne kuma yana kare tsarin kulawa na tsakiya.
Kamfanin CSF ya samo shi ne daga plexus choroid. Ciwon ƙwayar choroid ne cibiyar sadarwa na sel da ke cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa kuma yana da wadata a cikin jini.
Ƙananan adadin CSF an samo shi daga shinge mai kwakwalwar jini. CSF ya ƙunshi bitamin da dama, ions (watau salts), da sunadarai ciki har da waɗannan:
- Sodium
- Chloride
- Bicarbonate
- Potassium (ƙananan yawa)
- Calcium (ƙananan yawa)
- Magnesium (ƙasa mai yawa)
- Ascorbic acid (bitamin)
- Folate (bitamin)
- Thiamine da pyridoxal monophosphates (bitamin)
- Leptin (furotin daga jini)
- Transthyretin (furotin da ƙwayar choroid ta haifar)
- Ra'ayin ci gaba mai insulin kamar IGF (wanda ƙwayar choroid ta haifar)
- Bayanin neutrotrophic da aka samu daga Brain ko BDNF (wanda ƙwayar choroid ta haifar)
Jinin jini
Jinin shi ne ruwa wanda yake motsawa ta cikin zuciya da kuma jini (tunanin jinji da sutura).
Yana dauke da abinci da oxygen a cikin jiki. Ya ƙunshi:
- Plasma: ruwa mai launin rawaya da yake samar da lokaci na jini
- Leukocytes: jinsin jinin jiki tare da ayyuka na rigakafi
- Erythrocytes: jan jini
- Platelets: Kwayoyin ba tare da tsakiya wanda ke cikin clotting ba
Kwayoyin jinin jini, kwayoyin launin jini, da kuma erythrocytes duk sun fito ne daga kasusuwa.
Plasma yana da yawa da aka yi da ruwa. Jimbin ruwan jiki ya kasu kashi uku na ruwa: (1) plasma; 2) ruwan jini na tsakiya, ko lymph; da kuma (3) ruwa mai ciki (ruwa a ciki).
An kuma yi plasma daga (1) ions ko salts (yawancin sodium, chloride, da bicarbonate); (2) kwayoyin acid; da kuma (3) sunadarai. Abin sha'awa shine, hada kwayar cutar plasma kamar sunadarai na tsakiya kamar lymph, tare da ƙwayar plasma da ke da ƙananan haɓakar sunadaran fiye da na lymph.
Saliva da sauran Mucal Secretions
Saliva ne ainihin nau'i na ƙulla. Mucus shine slime wanda ke rufe murfin mucous kuma anyi shi ne daga ɓoye na glandular, saltsin inganganic, leukocytes, da kuma fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka.
Saliva ya fito fili, alkaline, da kuma ɗan viscous. An shaye shi da kullun, sublingual, submaxillary, da glanding sublingual da kuma wasu karami mucous gland. Aiki-amylase enzyme salivary yana taimakawa wajen narkewar abinci. Bugu da ƙari kuma, salin yana shayar da abinci mai laushi.
Bugu da ƙari, α-amylase, wanda ya rushe sitaci cikin masarar sukari, saliva kuma ya ƙunshi globulin, magani albumin, mucin, leukoctyes, potassium thiocynatate, da kuma tarwatsa epithelial. Bugu da ƙari, dangane da ɗaukar hotuna, ana iya samun toxins a cikin ruwan.
Abinda ke ciki na saliva da sauran nau'o'in ƙwayoyin mucosal ya bambanta bisa ga bukatun takamaiman shafukan yanar gizo wadanda suka wanke ko kuma sunyi wanka. Wasu ayyukan da waɗannan ruwaye zasu taimaka wajen hada da wadannan:
- Abincin abinci
- Lalacewar kayan sharar gida
- Hanyoyin Gas
- Kariya daga sunadarai da mahimman ƙananan injuna
- Kariya daga microbes (kwayoyin cuta)
Saliva da sauran ɓoye mucosal raba mafi yawan sunadaran guda. Wadannan sunadarai suna hade da bambanci a cikin daban-daban na sirrin mucosal bisa ga ayyukansu. Wadannan sunadarai ne kawai wadanda suke da alaka da saliva su ne histatins da sunadarai masu wadataccen acidic (PRPs).
Histatins sun mallaki kayan antibacterial da antifungicidal. Suna kuma taimakawa wajen samar da takarda, ko fata mai laushi ko fim, wanda ke lalata bakin. Bugu da ƙari, histatins sune sunadarai masu kare kumburi waɗanda ke hana sakin histamine ta hanyar kwayoyin mast.
Magungunan Acidic PRAL a cikin saliva suna da arziki a cikin amino acid kamar proline, glycine, da acid glutamic. Wadannan sunadarai na iya taimakawa tare da alli da sauran gidajen-cuten ma'adinai a bakin. (Calcium babban sashi ne na hakora da ƙashi.) Acidic PRPs na iya shawo kan abubuwa masu guba da ke cikin abinci. Bayan bayanin kula, ana samun PRPs na asali ba kawai a cikin iska ba har ma a cikin ɓoye na al'ada da na ƙananan nassi kuma zai iya haifar da ƙarin ayyukan tsaro.
Sunadaran mafi yawanci ana samun su a cikin dukkan abubuwan sirri na mucosal da ke taimakawa ga ayyuka na kowa ga dukkan jikin mucosal kamar lubrication. Wadannan sunadarai sun fada kashi biyu:
Kashi na farko ya ƙunshi sunadarai waɗanda aka samo su ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta da aka samo a cikin dukkan glandan da ke ciki da kuma mucous: lisozyme (enzyme) da sIgA (wani antibody tare da aikin rigakafi).
Sashe na biyu ya ƙunshi sunadarai wadanda ba su da kama amma suna rarraba kwayoyin halitta da daidaitattun tsarin, irin su mucins, α-amylase (enzyme), kallikreins (enzymes), da cystatins. Mucins bayar da saliva da sauran nau'o'in halayen su, ko kauri.
A cikin takarda na 2011 da aka wallafa a Masana Kimiyya , Ali da mawallafin marubuta sun gano nau'in mucins 55 da ke cikin iska. Abu mai mahimmanci, mucins suna samar da ƙwayoyin glycosylated manyan (manyan kwayoyin-nauyi) tare da sauran sunadaran kamar sIgA da albumin. Wadannan ɗakunan suna taimakawa kare karewa, kula da viscoelasticity, kare kwayoyin da ke kan jikin mucosal, da kuma kawar da kwayoyin cuta.
Tekuna
Tekuna suna da nau'i na musamman. An samar da su daga lacrimal gland. Tekuna tana samar da fim mai kariya wanda ke lulluɗa idanu kuma ya fadi shi daga turbaya da sauran nau'ikan. Suna kuma yin oxygenate idanu kuma suna taimakawa tare da hasken haske ta hanyar tabarbarar da kuma a cikin ruwan tabarau a kan hanyarsa zuwa rami.
Tekuna yana dauke da ƙwayar mikiyar salts, ruwa, sunadarai, lipids, da mucins. Akwai nau'o'in sunadarai guda 1526 a cikin hawaye. Abin sha'awa, idan aka kwatanta da magani da plasma, hawaye ba su da hadari.
Ɗaya daga cikin muhimmin furotin dake cikin hawaye shine lyzyzyme enzyme, wanda ke kare idanu daga kamuwa da cutar kwayan cuta. Bugu da ƙari, sirri Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) shine ainihin immunoglobulin da aka samu a hawaye kuma yana aiki don kare su ido daga mamaye pathogens.
Urin
Yada kullun ya samar da urin. Yana da da kuma manyan sanya daga ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi ammoniya, cations (sodium, potassium, da sauransu) da kuma anions (chloride, bicarbonate, da sauransu). Urine yana ƙunshe da alamun ƙarfe mai nauyi, irin su jan ƙarfe, mercury, nickel, da zinc.
Semen
Tsanin mutum yana iya dakatar da maniyyi a cikin plasma mai gina jiki kuma ya hada da ɓoye daga Mafarin (bulbourethral) da kuma Gland, da gubar gurasa, da ampulla da epididymis, da kuma jikin jini. Abubuwan da ke tattare da wadannan glandan sunadaran sunadaran a cikin dukkanin maniyyi.
Sashi na farko na haɓakawa, wadda take kimanin kashi biyar cikin dari na jujjuyawan duka, ya fito ne daga Maɗaukaki da Ƙari. Sashi na biyu na ejaculate ya fito ne daga glandan prostate kuma ya kasance tsakanin kashi 15 da kashi 30 cikin dari. Daga gaba, ampulla da epididymis suna yin gudunmawa kadan zuwa ga ejaculate. A ƙarshe, jigilar kwayar cutar ta taimakawa sauran nau'in haɓaka, kuma waɗannan ɓoye sune mafi yawan ƙaramin maniyyi.
Saturan yana taimaka wa kwayoyin, sunadarai, da ions zuwa maniyyi:
- Citric acid
- Inositol (bitamin-kamar barasa)
- Zinc
- Calcium
- Magnesium
- Acid phosphatase (enzyme)
Zaman da ke tattare da allura, magnesium, da zinc a maniyyi ya bambanta tsakanin mazaje.
Zamanin kwayoyin cutar suna taimakawa da wadannan:
- Ascorbic acid
- Fructose
- Prostaglandins (hormone-kamar)
Kodayake mafi yawan fructose a cikin maniyyi, wanda shine sukari da ake amfani dashi don man fetur, an samo shi ne daga kwayoyin cutar ƙanƙara, wasu ɓoye na fructose suna ɓoyewa ta hanyar ampulla na lactus deferens. Aikin epididymis yana taimakawa L-carnitine da tsaka-tsakin alpha-glucosidase zuwa maniyyi.
Farji yana da yanayi mai guba sosai. Duk da haka, maniyyi yana da ƙarfin haɓaka, wanda ya ba shi damar kula da pH mai tsaka-tsaki kuma ya shiga cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar mahaifa, wanda ma yana da pH neutral. Ba daidai ba ne dalilin da yasa maruran yake da irin wannan tasiri. Masana sunyi tunanin cewa HCO3 / CO2 (bicarbonate / carbon dioxide), furotin, da kuma nauyin nauyin nau'i-nau'i, irin su citrate, phosphate inorganic, da pyruvate, duk suna taimakawa wajen yin amfani da kwarewa.
Samun osurlancin maniyyi yana da kyau saboda yawancin sukari (fructose) da salts ionic (magnesium, potassium, sodium, da sauransu).
Abubuwan halayen maniyyi na rukuni suna da bambanci sosai. A kan haɗuwa, mai yaduwa na farko ya jagoranci cikin kayan gelatinous. Coagulation dalilai suna ɓoye by vesal vesicles. Wannan kayan gelatinous kuma an canza shi zuwa ruwa bayan abubuwan da suka rage daga prostate sunyi tasiri.
Bugu da ƙari don samar da makamashi don maniyyi, fructose ma yana taimaka wajen samar da ƙwayoyin gina jiki a cikin kwayar jini. Bugu da ƙari kuma, bayan lokaci, fructose ya rushe ta hanyar da ake kira fructolysis da kuma samar da lactic acid. Maganin tsofaffi ya fi girma a lactic acid.
Ƙarar ejaculate yana da matukar sauya kuma yana dogara ne akan ko an gabatar da shi bayan fassarar ko lokacin da ake dasu. Abin sha'awa, har ma da yin amfani da robaron roba zai iya rinjayar ƙarar man. Wasu masu bincike sunyi kiyasin cewa ƙwayar man fetur na mita 3.4 m.
Dairy Milk
Mafarin nono ya ƙunshi dukan abincin da jariri ya buƙaci. Yana da ruwa mai haɗari wanda yake da wadataccen mai, sunadarai, carbohydrates, acid fat, amino acid, ma'adanai, bitamin, da abubuwa masu alama. Har ila yau ya ƙunshi nau'o'in halittu masu rai, irin su hormones, dalilai antimicrobial, enzymes digestive, dalilai na trophic, da kuma masu bunkasa masana'antu.
Saka ido
Fahimtar abin da aka yi daga cikin jiki da kuma simintin waɗannan ruwan da ke cikin jiki zai iya samun ilimin warkewa da bincike. Alal misali, a fannin maganin rigakafi, akwai damuwa wajen yin nazarin hawaye don masu kare rayuka don tantance cututtukan ido, glaucoma, retinopathies, ciwon daji, sclerosis da yawa, da sauransu.
> Sources
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> Owen DH da Katz DF. Binciken Hannun Jinsin Kasuwanci da Na Halitta na HumanSemen da Tsarin Halitta Mai Sauki. Jaridar Andrology. 2005; 26: 4.
> Schenkels, LCPM, Veerman, ECI, da Nieuw Amorongen AV. Hanyoyin Halitta na Halitta na Halittar Mutum a Mutum tare da Sauran Ƙananan Maɓuɓɓuga. M Bayani a cikin Binciken Halitta & Magunguna. 1995; 6: 161-175.
> Shires III G. Fluid da Gudanar da Electrolyte na M haƙuri. A: Brunicardi F, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Matthews JB, Pollock RE. eds. Ka'idodin Harkokin Tiyata na Schwartz, 10th . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
> Spector, R, Snodgrass SR, da Johanson CE. Binciken Daidaita game da Cerebrospinal Fluid Composition and Funcitions: Ziyarci Mutum Mutum. Gwajin ilimin kimiyya. 2015; 273: 57-68.