Mafi Sashin Halittar Mutum na Brain?
Lobes na gaba ne yankuna ne na kwakwalwa wanda ake tsammani ya sarrafa yawancin abubuwan da suke sanya mu mutum. A gaskiya ma, wannan yanki ya fi girma a cikin mutane fiye da sauran dabbobi. Har ila yau, yana da mafi tsawo ga balagaguwa, tare da ci gaba da girma zuwa matashi.
Ayyuka na lobes na frontal sun hada da riƙe da wani ra'ayi kuma barin wannan ra'ayi ya jagoranci halinmu na gaba.
Lobes na gaba zasu taimake mu mu saita makasudin da ayyuka don kanmu, don zaɓar tsakanin ayyuka masu dacewa, kawar da halayen da ba a yarda ba da kuma amsawa kuma ƙayyade dangantaka tsakanin abubuwa da ra'ayoyi.
Akwai manyan sassan biyu na frontbes lobes: da cortex da yankunan paralimbic. Cunkoso yana kunshe da jikin kwayoyin jikinsu da ke shimfiɗa tsaye a kan kwakwalwa. Wadannan kwayoyin suna sadarwa tare da juna ta hanyar dogon hanyoyin da ake kira waya kamar axons. Wasu gabobin sunyi zurfi cikin kwakwalwa, inda suke sadarwa tare da sassan kusa da ainihin kwakwalwa.
Daga cikin sassan da ke kusa da tsakiyar kwakwalwa shine yankunan paralimbi, wanda ake zaton zasu kasance da alaka da motsin zuciyarmu, ayyuka, da tafiyarwa. Wannan ya bambanta da yankunan da ake zaton su zama mafi haɗari, kuma wanda zai iya ba mu damar tunani. Tare, lalata da daidaitattun sifofi na lobes frontal ya ba mu damar yin ayyukan da ke tsakiyar abin da muke tunanin kanmu.
Ƙare Ayyuka
Ba kamar dabbobi ba wadanda suke amsawa ne kawai a kan abin da ke gaba da su, mutane suna da ikon tsarawa a gaba. Don yin wannan, muna buƙatar mu iya riƙe bayanai a zuciyarmu. In ba haka ba, zamu manta da abin da muke tunani akai akai. Wannan jigilar bayanai, ko da a fuskar fuska, yana faruwa a cikin yankin da ke cikin ƙananan ƙwayar cuta.
Ƙungiyar farko ta farko tana iya sarrafa bayanai don samar da tsari.
Gabatar da Ci gaba da Ayyuka
Tsarin da ke cikin tsakiya da na gaba na kwakwalwa (zane-zane na tsakiya) suna tunanin zubar da hali. Idan waɗannan yankunan sun lalace, mutum zai iya rasa duk wani dalili don yin aiki mafi sauki . An san wannan a matsayin mahaukaci ko mutinin mutinci a cikin mawuyacin hali.
Ayyukan Kulawa
Ƙa'idar orbitofrontal decodes da kuma tsammanin dabi'un sakamako na sigina, abubuwa, da zaɓuɓɓuka. Alal misali, wannan yankin zai iya taimaka mana mu gane ko wani abu zai iya cutar da shi ko cutar da mu a nan gaba. An yi la'akari da yadda ake amfani da man fetur na asibiti wanda zai iya ba da lada ga lada da kuma labarun orbitofrontal to azãba. Yankin kusa da baya na kwakwalwa (na baya) ya fi kwarewa - wannan shine bangare wanda zai iya fahimtar muhimmancin wani yanki na cakulan cakula a matsayin dadi da kyawawa. Sassan ɓangaren kobitofrontal dake kusa da kwakwalwa (anterior) yayi hulɗar da karin farashi da kuma alamu, kamar kudaden da za su iya sayen cakulan cakulan.
Anticipating da Kulawa Stimuli
Cote cornex na baya yana taimakawa wajen lura da sakonni na zuwa duka daga duniyar waje da tunaninmu da jiki.
Duk wani abu mai ban mamaki zai iya haifar da ƙarin aiki kafin a bada amsa. Alal misali, a cikin shahararren jarrabawar Stroop, an nuna jerin kalmomi mai launi. Trick shine cewa kalmar "ja" za a iya buga a cikin launi mai launi. An gaya wa wani wanda ya ɗauki gwaji na Stroop ya watsar da kalmar da aka rubuta kuma kawai ya ce launi. Wannan zaɓi mai kyau da kuma mayar da hankali ga wani ɓangare na waje na duniya yana buƙatar yin amfani da layi na baya.
Dokar motsin rai
Ƙungiyar orbitofrontal ta nuna yawan karuwar aiki yayin da wani ya ke sarrafa motsin zuciyar su. Wannan yana da alaka da aiki a amygdala.
Rashin lalacewa ga kamfanonin orbitofrontal yana haifar da lalata da rashin tunani, kamar yadda aka gani a sanannen shahararren Phineas Gage.
Amsawa ga Canji a Sallama
Sallama shine ma'auni na yadda mahimmin siginar da ke da muhimmanci a gare ku a wani lokaci. Alal misali, idan kuna jin yunwa, wani gilashin cakulan yana da kyau. Bayan cin rabin cake, nauyin wannan cake ya canza. Don sanin muhimmancin wani bayani, kwakwalwa dole ne ya haɗu da hanzari, sigina, da kuma alamar kwaminis. Cibiyar salyar ta haɗa da insula da kuma wani ɓangare na layin gaba wanda ya taimaka mana samar da ma'ana.
Sauyawa hankali
Mutane suna da ikon zaɓar abin da ya kamata mu kula. Wannan ya ce, dangane da yanayin, hankalinmu zai iya canzawa tsakanin abubuwa daban-daban a cikin mu.
Cibiyar sadarwa na kwakwalwa ta ƙunshi sassa na tsakiya da na baya da gyrus na gaba da na gurguwar jiki. Wannan yana taimaka mana daidaita batun da sauri, koda kuwa ta katse makasudin, kuma bari mu yanke shawara ko ya kamata mu ci gaba da mayar da hankalinmu akan sabon motsi ko komawa zuwa aikin da ke hannunsa.
Kwamfuta mai iko
Za'a iya ganin kwarewa na lobes na gaba don taimakawa ga abin da masu ilimin halitta suka kira "Gudanarwa." Wannan yana nuna mana iyawar mu don sarrafa mana amsawa a muhallinmu, maimakon kawai amsawa ga duk abin da yake gaban mu a wannan lokacin.
Babban iko yana ba mu damar tace abubuwan jan hankali a kusa da mu. Har ila yau, yana ba mu damar sarrafa abin da muke tunani, da kuma matsa mayar da hankalinmu a hanya don kada zuciyarmu ta damu. Gudanar da iko a kan halayyar yana ba mu damar tsara yadda muke bayyana wa wasu kuma mu motsa kanmu idan ba mu damu ba. A ƙarshe, ikon sarrafawa a kan hanyar mota yana ba mu damar motsa idanunmu ko kuma isa ga wani abu.
Sources
Giedd, Jay N .; Blumenthal, J; Jeffries, NO; Castellanos, FX; Liu, H; Zijdenbos, A; Paus, T; Evans, AC et al. (Oktoba 1999). "Ci gaban ƙwayar cuta a lokacin yaro da yaro: nazarin MRI mai tsawo". Yanayin Neuroscience 2 (10): 861-863.
RG Gross, M. Grossman; Gudanar da Sharuɗɗa, Ci gaba da Kwarewar Neurol ta Rayuwa 2010; 16 (4) p. 140-152.
Sollberger, M., Rankin, KP, & Miller, BL (2010). Social cognition. Ci gaba da Kwarewar Neurol ta Rayuwa Duka, 16 (4), 69-85.