Ciwon daji na koda yana dauke da wasu cututtuka daban-daban, kodayake kwayar cutar tafin ƙwayar halitta ta kasance mafi yawan yawanci. A tarihi, alamun cututtuka na ciwon flank (ciwo a gefe da ƙananan baya), wani ɓangare na ciki, da jini a cikin fitsari sune alamun bayyanar da aka fi sani, amma a yau ana zargin shi lokacin da mutumin ya taso anemia (ƙananan jinin jini) , ko a matsayin "haɗari" idan aka gwada gwaje-gwaje na hoto don wani yanayin.
A CT scan shine jarrabawar gwaji mafi yawan, ko da yake ana iya yin nazari na daukar hoto. Ciwon daji na ƙwayar abu ne mai mahimmanci a wannan tiyata za a iya yi ko da ciwon daji. Dukkanin maganin yaduwar cutar da kwayoyin rigakafi na iya amfani da su, tare da maganin ilimin chemotherapy da radiation suna taka muhimmiyar rawa fiye da wasu cancers.
Akwai ciwon daji daban-daban ciki har da:
- Magunin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar halitta: Carcinomas na ƙananan jini sun kasance mafi yawan al'amuran cutar ciwon koda da kuma asusun na 9 daga cikin 10 na cutar ciwon koda.
- Gwajin ƙwayar motsa jiki: Tarihin carcinomas na Transitional don kimanin kashi 7 na ciwon ƙwayar koda. Suna fitowa daga irin nau'in kwayoyin da ke cikin ciwon daji na ciwon magungunan ciwon magunguna, kuma ana daukar nauyin ƙwayar cell cellular rikitarwa fiye da ciwon daji fiye da ƙwayar jini.
- Maganar Wilm: Tumarin Wilm shine ciwon daji wanda ke tasowa a yayin yarinya, kuma a tsakanin yara masu ciwon yara, yana da mahimmanci.
- Sarcoma na Renal: Sarcoma na koda yana da ciwon daji wanda zai fara a cikin nau'in kaya na koda.
Wannan tattaunawa za ta mayar da hankali ne a kan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar halitta.
Koda Anatomy da Ayyuka
Sanin kadan game da jiki da kuma aikin koda zai iya taimaka maka ka fahimci bayyanar cututtuka, ka fahimci yadda ciwon daji a wannan yanki zai iya shafar jikinka.
Kodan ya ƙunshi gabobin ƙarfe biyu, kamar girman ƙwallon ƙwayar. Kowace ƙoda yana da baya a cikin gabobin ciki, a kowane gefen kashin baya, daidai da haka. Wasu mutane suna da koda daya kawai, saboda sakamakon lahani ko rashin lafiya. Suna iya zama da kyau tare da koda daya kawai, idan dai koda aikin ne.
Ayyuka na farko na kodan sune su tsaftace masu tsabta, cire kayan ma'adanai da gishiri, da kuma cire ruwa mai yawa daga jininmu; wanda duk an cire shi cikin fitsari. Kimanin kimanin lita 180 (kimanin lita 45) na jini ana tace ta cikin kodan mu a kowace rana, don samar da kusan 1 zuwa 2 quarts na fitsari. Sashin fitsari yana tafiya zuwa shambura, wanda ake kira 'ureters', kuma ana adana shi a cikin mafitsara har sai an yi amfani da shi (urination).
A cikin koda yana da fiye da miliyan nephrons, nau'in aikin aikin koda. Kowace nephron yana da glomerulus da tubule. Kwayar cututtuka (ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar halittar jini) ana zaton ta fito ne daga tubules na nephrons.
Cutar cututtuka
Abin baƙin cikin shine, cututtukan ciwon daji na koda ba zai nuna ba har sai cutar ta ci gaba. A gaskiya ma, yawancin ciwon ciwon cututtuka na karbaccen ƙwayar jinin jini ne ( anemia ). Lokacin da bayyanar cututtuka suka faru, wasu daga cikin waɗannan sun haɗa da:
- Blood a cikin fitsari , ko dai an gani bayan urination ko microscopically.
- A taro a gefen ciki (flank mass).
- Pain a gefe ko ƙananan baya (yankin flank).
- A zazzaɓi.
- Hawan jini.
- Rashin asarar rashin nauyi .
Dalilin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin cuta
Duk da yake ba mu san hakikanin ainihin mawuyacin hali, masu bincike sun gano wasu matsalolin haɗari ga ciwon daji . Wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da:
- Shekaru: Rashin ciwon ƙwayar ciwon ƙwayar yana ƙaruwa tare da shekaru, tare da yawancin carcinomas na ƙwayar halitta wanda ke faruwa akan shekaru 40. (A bambanta, ciwon Wilm ya fi kowa a cikin yara.)
- Yin jima'i: Shan ciwon daji yafi kowa a cikin maza fiye da mata.
- Race: Ciwon daji na ƙwayar cuta ne yafi kowa a cikin baƙi da Indiyawa.
- Shan taba: Mutanen da suke shan taba sun kara yawan ciwon daji.
- Zama: Wurin dakin aiki ya bayyana ga sunadarai da abubuwa irin su asbestos, benzene, da sauransu.
- Kiba .
- Tarihin iyali na ciwon daji ko wasu ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Wasu magunguna.
Binciken Cutar Cancer
Ana iya ɗaukar ganewar asibiti na ciwon ƙwayar cutar ta hanyar anemia, jini a cikin fitsari, bayyanar cututtukan jiki, da sauran gwajin gwagwarmayar jarraba, kuma ana yin sau da yawa tare da haɗuwa da gwajin hoto. Yawancin lokuta, binciken da aka samu akan binciken da ake yi a rediyo, irin su X-ray, CT scan ko MRI, a lokacin bincike kan wani yanayin zai iya haifar da likita don ɗaukar ciwon daji.
Tambaya na farko idan cutar shan ciwon koda ake zaton shine saurin dan tayi. Ana amfani da duban dan tayi taguwar motsa jiki don ƙirƙirar hoto, kuma zai iya rarrabe ƙwayar tumatir daga cysts. CT (rubutun kwamfuta) shine watakila gwaji mafi taimako kuma za a iya amfani dashi don ganowa da kuma magance ciwon daji. CT tana amfani da jerin radiyoyin x don ƙirƙirar hoto na uku a cikin jikin. Ana iya yin MRI (hotunan yanayi mai kwakwalwa) ga mutanen da basu iya samun CT (saboda rashin lafiyar su ga kayan haɗin CT ko aikin aikin koda mara kyau). MRI yana amfani da hotunan haɓaka fiye da hasken rana. MRI ma yana taimakawa idan an yi tunanin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin ɓoye kusa da kodan. Wasu lokuta ana duba PET ko yin amfani da kashi don taimakawa tare da yada kwayar cutar koda.
Ba kamar yawan ciwace-ciwacen daji ba, ba a saba amfani da biopsy ba don gano cutar kanji. A biopsy, lokacin da ake buƙata, ana iya yin shi a wasu hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma yana ba masu ilmin lissafi damar neman ci gaban kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji a ƙarƙashin microscope. Samfurori na ciwon daji ya taimaka sosai wajen jagorantar magani tare da maganin kwantar da hankali, amma ana samun su a lokacin tiyata don magance ciwon daji, maimakon a lokacin bincike.
Tsarin
Idan an samu ciwon daji, za a iya yin gwaje-gwaje da yawa don sanin idan cutar cancer ya yada zuwa kyallen takalma ko wasu gabobin. Wannan ake kira staging. An shirya ciwon ciwon koda ta hanyar auna girman girman ƙwayar cutar, da kuma duk wani shaida na yadawa zuwa kyamaran da ke kusa, ko yankuna masu nisa na jiki.
Jiyya na koda Cancer
Jiyya ga ciwon daji ya danganta ne da yanayin cutar, da sauran dalilai, kamar lafiyar lafiyarka, da wurin da ciwon daji ke cikin koda, da sauransu.
Yawancin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon ƙwayar koda za su sami irin aikin tiyata. Wadanda ke da ciwon ƙwayar cutar shan ƙwaƙwalwa shine 'yan takarar mafi kyawun aikin tiyata, amma ciwon daji ya kasance daya daga cikin ƙwayar cutar da zazzafan ƙwayar cutar ta hanyar ciwon ƙwayar cuta (mataki na 4). Duk da yake aikin tiyata shine jiyya na zabi ga mafi yawan cututtukan koda, wannan zai iya zama da wahala a cikin tsofaffi ko wadanda ke da magunguna masu tsanani. Ga wadanda basu yarda da tiyata ba, jiyya irin su cryosurgery (daskarewa da ciwon sukari), ko ragi na rediyo (ƙona ciwon), na iya zama zabin.
Yawancin magungunan maganin rigakafi sun yarda don amfani a wasu mutane da ciwon ciwon ƙwayar cutar. Wadannan kwayoyi suna kare kuma sun hana girma da yada kwayoyin m. Suna yin wannan ta hanyar tsangwama tare da hanyar da ta shafi ci gaban ciwon daji, ko kuma ta hana ci gaban karfin jini da ake buƙata don samar da ciwon daji (sun hana angiogenesis ). Hanyoyi masu illa na wadannan kwayoyi sun bambanta da wadanda suka kamu da cutar kanjamau, kuma akai-akai ana jure su.
Immunotherapy , wanda aka fi sani da ilimin kwayar halitta, shine sabon tsarin maganin ciwon daji, wanda ke aiki a hankali ta hanyar motsa jiki na jikin kansa don yaki da kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji. Akwai wasu nau'o'i daban-daban na wadannan kwayoyi da aka gano sunyi tasiri ga ciwon daji.
Bugu da ƙari da zaɓuɓɓukan maganin da aka yarda da su, akwai lokuta da yawa gwaje-gwajen gwaji na ci gaba, neman sababbin kogungunan maganin ciwon daji. Ba kamar ƙididdigar gwaji na gwaji ba, mutane da yawa sun ji, wasu daga cikin gwajin yanzu suna ba mutane damar yin amfani da jiyya wanda zai iya inganta sakamakonsu. Yana iya taimakawa mu tuna cewa duk wani magani da muke da shi a yanzu na ciwon daji an koya mana a gwaji, kuma a halin yanzu, magunguna guda biyu, da kuma lafiyar rayuwa daga, ciwon daji na ingantawa.
Ba a yi amfani da radiation a matsayin magani ga ciwon daji ba, amma ana iya amfani da shi "mai saurin gaske," don taimakawa rashin jin daɗi da cutar ta ke yaduwa. Chemotherapy yana da iyakacin tasiri akan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar halitta.
Kulawa mai kulawa, kulawa da kula da maganin cututtuka na ciwon daji da inganta rayuwar rayuwa, yana da mahimmanci, har ma ga mutanen da ke da kututtuka da wuri wanda za'a iya warkar da su.
Kalma Daga
Domin samun ciwon daji a cikin ƙananan matakan da zai yiwu, yana da muhimmanci ga mutane su fahimci yiwuwar bayyanar cututtuka, da kuma abubuwan haɗarin su. Lokacin da aka bincikar da su, akwai yanzu zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa don magani.
Wannan ya ce, duk wani nau'i na rigakafi yana cike da magani, kuma akwai abubuwa masu sauƙi waɗanda mutane zasu iya yi don rage haɗarinsu. Dakatar da shan taba ko ba su fara ba, saboda wannan abu ne mai hadarin gaske. Rashin ƙalubalanci yana karuwa lokacin da ka bar, don haka ba a yi latti ba, kuma akwai dalilai da yawa da za a dakatar da shan taba bayan an gano asibiti na ciwon daji ko da an gano ka da cutar. Yi amfani da lokaci don koyo game da duk wani sinadarai ko sauran abubuwa da aka nuna maka a aiki, kuma bi biyan kuɗakarwa. A ƙarshe, cin abinci mai kyau don kula da lafiyar lafiya yana da mahimmanci, kamar yadda kiba abu ne mai hadarin gaske don yawan ciwon daji, ba kawai ciwon daji ba.
> Sources:
> Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kwayoyi ta Amirka. Cancer.Net. Koda Cancer.
> Bast, R., Croce, C., Hait, W. et al. Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine. Wiley Blackwell, 2017.
> Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Ƙwararren ƙwayar cutar kanjamau (PDQ) -Shijin Harkokin Kasuwanci. Updated 04/05/18.