Jagoran Harkokin Lissafi na yanzu na Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amurka
Amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Truvada (tenofovir + emtricitabine) an nuna shi don rage yawan kwayar cutar HIV ta mutum ta hanyar 92%. Shirin, wanda aka sani da kwayar cutar HIV (preEP exposure) (PrEP) , ana dauke shi da hanyar da zata iya hana yaduwar cutar HIV zuwa marasa lafiya da kuma yiwuwar sake juya yawan kamuwa da cutar a cikin mutane masu haɗari.
A halin yanzu, daga dukkan kasashe masu karuwar samun kudin shiga a Arewacin Amirka da Turai, Amurka na da kashi biyu mafi yawan cututtuka na HIV (50,000 sabon cututtuka a kowace shekara) da kashi biyu mafi girma daga cutar HIV (0.6%, ko kimanin mutane miliyan 1.2) duk ƙasashe. Sai kawai Latvia, kasar da kasa da mutane miliyan biyu da 10,000 da aka kamu da cututtuka, yana da karuwar yawan kuɗi (0.7%).
A sakamakon wannan kididdigar, Hukumar Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amurka (USPHS) ta ba da umarnin aiwatar da ayyukan likita a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu, 2014, suna kiran yin amfani da shi na yau da kullum a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a cikin hadarin kamuwa da cuta, kamar haka:
Mazan jima'i maza da suke yin jima'i da maza (MSM) wadanda ba su da alaka da juna tare da wani mutum wanda ya kamu da kwayar cutar kanjamau, kuma sun bi daya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan ka'idoji:
- Hadawa a cikin jima'i na jima'i (karɓa ko sakawa) .
- Shin sun kamu da cutar (STI) a cikin watanni shida da suka gabata.
- Shin a cikin dangantaka mai haɗin gwiwa (haɗin gwiwa) tare da abokin tarayya HIV.
Mazan jima'i maza da suke yin jima'i da maza da mata (MSMW) wadanda ba su cikin dangantaka guda daya tare da abokin tarayya na gwajin cutar HIV ba, kuma sun sadu da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan ka'idoji:
- Hadawa a cikin jima'i na jima'i (karɓa ko sakawa).
- Shin sun kamu da cutar (STI) a cikin watanni shida da suka gabata.
- Shin a cikin dangantaka mai haɗin gwiwa (haɗin gwiwa) tare da abokin tarayya HIV.
Ma'aurata maza da mata wadanda ba su da alaka da juna tare da wani abokin tarayya na gwajin cutar HIV, da kuma haɗu da ɗaya ko fiye da haka:
- Yi amfani da kwaroron roba ba tare da ɗaya ko fiye da abokan tarayya ba tare da sanin yanayin HIV ba tare da hadarin kwayar cutar HIV (magunguna masu amfani da kwayoyi, MSMW).
- Shin a cikin dangantaka mai haɗin gwiwa (haɗin gwiwa) tare da abokin tarayya HIV.
Yi amfani da masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi (IDUs) waɗanda suka sadu sunyi amfani da kwayoyi a cikin watanni shida da suka gabata, kuma sun hadu da daya ko fiye da wadannan ka'idoji:
- Musayar maciji ko kuma rabawa a cikin watanni shida da suka gabata.
- An kasance a kan wani tsari, buprenorphine ko suboxone magani a cikin watanni shida da suka gabata.
- Shin kowane daga cikin halayen da aka ambata a sama wanda ya samo asali na sayen jima'i.
Bugu da ƙari, za a iya ƙaddamar da PREP a matsayin matsayi mai mahimmanci (marubuta) ma'aurata waɗanda ko dai suna so suyi ciki ko wanda ya riga ya zata. Dukkan lakabi na FDA da jagororin kula da maganin rigakafi na wannan hanya suna samar da wannan.
Mene ne idan ba a cikin jerin ba?
Daga karshe, dole ne a yi shawarar yanke shawarar PrEP a kan jimla'i, tare da manufar yin la'akari da hadarin mutum na kamuwa da cuta da kuma hanyoyin da za ta magance irin wannan hadarin.
Idan kun yi imani da cewa ku cancanci PrEP, yana da muhimmanci a yi aiki tare da mai horar da likita ko ma'aikacin kiwon lafiya don tabbatar da cewa kuna fahimtar amfanin da ƙuntataccen magani .
Dole ne a yi la'akari da PREP maimakon maye gurbin kwaroron roba ko amfani dashi a wurin zama tare da abokin tarayya mai cutar HIV.
Kwararren likita ne kawai zai iya tsarawa kuma yana buƙatar duka gwajin HIV kafin a fara farfajiya da kowane watanni uku bayan haka. Medicaid da mafi yawan tsare-tsaren inshora na Amurka sun kalubalanci shirin na PrEP, yayin da yake biya tallafin miyagun ƙwayoyi don waɗanda suka cancanci ta hanyar Truvada na Gilead don shirin Harkokin Taimako na Magunguna.
Sources:
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). "Shafin Farko (PreEP Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)." Atlanta, Jojiya; isa ga Nuwamba 6, 2014.
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO). "Yaduwar cutar HIV tsakanin tsofaffi 15 zuwa 49 - Bayanai da kasa." Geneva, Switzerland; isa ga Nuwamba 6, 2014.
Bankin Duniya Bankin. "Ƙungiyoyi da Ƙungiyoyi." Washington, DC; isa ga Nuwamba 6, 2014.
Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'ar Amirka (PHS). " Harkokin Cutar Gida na Rigakafin Rigakafin HIV a Amurka - 2014: Dokar Aiki na Clinical Practice." Washington, DC; wallafa Mayu 14, 2014; isa ga Nuwamba 6, 2014.
Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya (NIH). "Shawarwari don amfani da kwayoyi masu maganin rigakafi a cikin matan da ke dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau HIV / 1 a kan lafiyar mata da kuma magance matsalolin don rage cutar HIV a cikin Amurka." Bethesda, Maryland; isa ga Nuwamba 6, 2014.