Tabbatar da Ganyayyaki ga Amfani da YAKE
An nuna cewa yau da kullum amfani da miyagun kwayoyi, Truvada , zai iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV a cikin mawuyacin hali (watau, inda abokin tarayya yake da cutar HIV kuma tabbatacce shi ne cutar HIV). An yi amfani da tsarin, wanda aka sani da prephylaxis (ko PrEP) , don rage hadarin watsawa ta ko'ina daga kashi 62 zuwa kashi 75 idan an dauki shi tare da haɗin kai, wanda ba a katse ba.
Daga ra'ayi na ilimin lissafi, adadi suna ƙarfafa amfani da PrEP a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin rigakafin HIV. Duk da haka, daga yanayin hangen nesa, lambobin bazai kasance duk abin da ke tabbatarwa ba, tare da kalmomin "daidaituwa" da "marasa katsewa" suna nuna yiwuwar shinge ga waɗanda zasu iya yin rajista.
A gaskiya ma, bisa ga binciken masana'antu, mutane 1,774 ne kawai a Amurka sun cika takardu na Truvada domin PrEP tsakanin Janairu 2011 da Maris 2013. Yuli Yuli 2016, wannan adadi ya kai kusan 76,000. Har ila yau, har yanzu akwai adadi mai yawan gaske wanda aka kiyasta cewa an kashe kimanin 50,000 na kamuwa da cutar HIV a Amurka a kowace shekara.
Ƙididdiga suna kawo haske ga dama daga cikin batutuwan da suka sa matakan PrEP a cikin bincike, amma ba haka ba idan aka sanya shi a cikin ainihin duniya. Kuma ba kawai batun batun ilimin ilimi ko sanarwa ba (ko da yake waɗannan muhimman abubuwa ne). Babu shakka akwai wani abu da yake faruwa.
Imfanin farashin da biyan kuɗi
Aikin binciken da Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigaka da Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC) ya gudanar a 2012 ya tabbatar da cewa fiye da kashi uku na wadanda suka kamu da kwayar cuta a kan HIV-positive (ART) ba su iya kula da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi yau da kullum - kuma wannan ga yawan mutanen HIV ne ya danganta da kai tsaye zuwa tsawon lokaci da ingancin rayuwa.
Shin za mu iya tsammanin cewa matsalolin za su kasance da ƙasa ga mutanen da suka dauki ART ba don "tsira" ba, amma don maganin cutar HIV? Bayan haka, yayin da aka sani da kwaroron roba don samar da kariya mafi girma, kididdigar nuna cewa an yi amfani da su ne kawai a cikin uku daga cikin jima'i uku.
Saboda haka, yayin da wasu zasu iya tambaya, "Yaya wuya zai iya ɗaukar wani kwaya kadan a rana?", Yawancin bincike ya nuna cewa haɗin kai kullum zai zama babban damuwa don shawo kan. Yi la'akari da cewa magani na kullum don ciwon sukari ko cututtukan zuciya yana bukatar kusan kashi 70 bisa dari (ko kuma daidai da asarar da aka rasa tara a wata). Ya bambanta, PrEP yana buƙatar kusa da cikakken daidaituwa don cimma burin kare.
Yawancin bincike na baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da kalubale. A shekara ta 2013, nazarin VOICE-wanda yayi la'akari da amfani da PrEP tsakanin mata 5,029, matan Afrika masu hadarin - an bayyana banza idan aka nuna cewa kawai kashi 30 cikin dari ne kawai ke iya kula da maganin yau da kullum. Ana ganin irin wannan sakamako a cikin binciken FEM-PREEP, wanda aka dakatar da shi saboda rashin daidaituwa tsakanin wadanda ke shan yau da kullum Truvada.
Bisa la'akari da waɗannan nazarin da kuma wadanda ba a sa ran su ba na masu kula da su na PrEP, za a iya ba da hankali a kan ilimin da aka tsara, wanda aka ba da shawara game da batun PrEP a matsayin hanyar iyali yin aiki, maimakon kawai a cikin saitin HIV.
Masu tsara manufofin suna iya buƙatar tantance ko farashin PrEP, wanda aka kiyasta kimanin dala 12,000 a kowace shekara, na iya kasancewa mai iyakance ga waɗanda ke da alaƙa da inshora waɗanda ba su cika cikakken amfani da shi.
A cikin binciken 2013 game da likitocin cututtuka na Amurka da Kanada, kashi 74 cikin dari sun goyi bayan amfani da PrEP a kan yawan jama'a. Duk da haka, daga wannan rukuni, kawai 9% a zahiri ya ba da shi ga marasa lafiya.
Ana fatan cewa shawarwarin da CDC ya yi a watan Mayu na 2014, yana kira don yin amfani da PrEP a cikin mutane da ke dauke da mummunan kamuwa da cuta, zai kara yawan lakabi a cikin Ƙungiyoyi na Ƙungiyar ta CDC sun haɗa da:
- maza da suka yi jima'i da maza (MSM) wadanda basu amfani da kwaroron roba ba ;
- Mutane masu cutar kanjamau wadanda ke yin jima'i tare da mutum mai cutar HIV;
- injecting masu amfani da ƙwayoyi (IDUs), kuma;
- 'yan uwan da suke da jima'i tare da abokan haɗari.
Sources:
Rawlings K, Mera R, Pechonkina A, et al. "Matsayi na Truvada ga cutar HIV wadda ta rigaya ta dauka (PrEP) a Amurka: yin amfani da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi na farko." Cibiyar Interscience ta ICAAC 53rd game da Abimicrobial Agents da Chemotherapy; Denver, Colorado; Satumba 10-13, 2013; m H-663a.
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC). "CDC Fact Sheet | HIV a Amurka : Sashen Kulawa." Atlanta, Jojiya; aka buga Yuli 2012.
Anderson, J. "Amfani da robar katse da kuma kwayar cutar HIV tsakanin mambobin Amurka." Jaridar Amirka ta Lafiya ta Jama'a. Yuni 2003; 93 (6): 912-914.
Cibiyar gwaji ta Microbicides (MTN). "Maganar MTN game da yanke shawara don hana amfani da Tablet Tenofovir na Aral a VOICE, Babban Magungunan Ciwon Rigakafin HIV a cikin Mata." Rahoton watsa labarai ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2011.
Cibiyar Alka'antu ta Duniya da Kwayoyin cuta (NIAID). "Cibiyar Rigakafin Rigakafin HIV ta FEM da Harkokin Shirin NAIAID." Bethesda, Maryland; release release Afrilu 18, 2011.