Mapping of Replication na Viral Yana taimaka mana inganta HIV kwayoyi
Ƙin fahimtar yanayin rayuwa na HIV ya sa ya yiwu a samar da kwayoyi da muke amfani da mu don magance cutar. Yana ba mu damar gano yadda cutar ta kirkiro kanta, wanda hakan ya ba mu damar samar da hanyoyi don toshe (ko hana) wannan tsari.
Yaduwar rayuwa ta kwayar cutar HIV tana yawanci kashi kashi shida, daga haɗin ƙwayar cutar zuwa tantanin tantanin halitta zuwa budding na sabon kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV ( hoto ).
Cibiyar hoto mai hoto
Da zarar kwayar cutar HIV ta shiga cikin jiki (yawanci ta hanyar saduwa da jima'i, bayyanar jini, ko yarinyar-yarinya), yana neman fitaccen cell don ya haifa. Mai watsa shiri a cikin yanayin shine CD-T-cell din CD4 da aka yi amfani da shi don sigina wani tsaro.
Domin kamuwa da tantanin halitta, dole ne ya haɗa kanta ta hanyar tsarin kulle-da-kay. Makullin sunadaran sunadarai ne a kan cutar HIV wanda ke haɗawa da furotin da yawa a kan CD4 a cikin hanyar hanyar mahimmanci a cikin kulle. Wannan shi ne abin da aka sani da abin da aka adana hoto .
Abin da ke cikin kwayar cutar hoto an katange ta hanyar maganin magunguna wanda ake kira Selzentry (maraviroc) .
Ƙulla da Fusion
Da zarar an haɗa su zuwa tantanin halitta, kwayar cutar ta HIV ta shafar sunadarin sunadarai a cikin kwayar salula (cytoplasm) na T-cell. Wannan yana haifar da haɗakar tantanin halitta zuwa tantanin tarin kwayar HIV. Wannan shine matakin da aka sani game da ciwon kwayar cutar .Ya zama wanda aka yi amfani da ita, cutar ta iya shiga cikin tantanin halitta.
Wani magungunan injectable mai suna Fuzeon (infurvitide) yana iya tsangwama tare da ciwon hoto.
Bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri Uncoating
HIV yana amfani da kwayoyin halitta (RNA) don haɓaka ta hanyar hijarar mashin kwayar tantanin halitta. A yin hakan, yana iya ƙwace kwafin kansa. Shirin, wanda ake kira ciwon hoto mai ban sha'awa , yana buƙatar cewa an rufe rukuni mai kewaye kewaye da RNA. Idan ba tare da wannan mataki ba, baza'a iya canza RNA zuwa DNA ba (ginshiƙan ginin don sabuwar cutar).
Fassara da Translation
Da zarar a cikin tantanin halitta, dole ne a canza RNA guda ɗaya na kwayar cutar HIV zuwa DNA guda biyu. Yana yin wannan tare da taimakon enzyme da ake kira juya transcriptase .
Fassara bayanan yana amfani da gine-gine daga T-cell don fassara rubutun kwayoyin halitta a baya: daga RNA zuwa DNA. Da zarar DNA ta karu, na'ura ta kwayar halitta tana da coding da ake buƙata don maganin maganin hoto.
Drugs da ake kira maidocin maɓallin transcriptase iya ƙuntata wannan tsari gaba ɗaya. Magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi guda uku, magungunan ƙwayoyin juyawa masu juya baya (NRTIs), masu kwantar da hanzarin ƙwayoyin nucleotide (NtRTIs) da wadanda ba su da magungunan baya-bayanan transcriptase (NNRTIs), sun haɗa da imel na rashin lafiyar sunadaran da suka sanya kansu cikin DNA bunkasa. A yin hakan, nauyin DNA guda biyu ba zai iya cikawa ba, kuma an katange sabuntawa.
Retrovir (zidovudine), Ziagen (abacavir), Sustiva (efavirenz) da Viread (tenofovir) su ne kawai daga cikin magunguna wadanda aka saba amfani dasu don magance cutar HIV.
Haɗuwa
Domin HIV ya sace kayan aikin kwayoyin halitta, dole ne ya hada da sabon DNA da aka kafa a tsakiya na tantanin halitta. Drugs da ake kira hadewa masu hanawa suna da ikon hanawa haɗin haɗuwa ta hanyar kulle enzyme mai haɗin gwiwa da aka yi amfani da shi wajen canja wurin kwayoyin halitta.
Rajistar (ratelgraviv), Tivicay (dolutegravir), da Vitekta (elvitegravir) su uku ne da aka ba su hadewa.
Majalisar
Da zarar haɗuwa ya faru, HIV dole ne ya gina ginin gine-ginen gina jiki wanda yake amfani dashi don tara sabon cutar. Yana yin haka tare da protezy enzyme, wanda ya rage sinadarin gina jiki a cikin karami kaɗan sannan kuma ya hada guda zuwa sabon, ya zama kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV.
Kwayoyin da ake kira masu hana ingancin protease zai iya aiwatar da tsari ga taron . Tbese sun hada da kwayoyi kamar Prezista (darunavir) da Reyataz (atazanavir).
Maturation da Budding
Ɗaya daga cikinsu an haɗa su, suna tafiya cikin mataki na ƙarshe wanda yarinya ya fara daga cikin kwayar cutar mai kamuwa.
Da zarar an sake su zuwa cikin wurare masu kyauta, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna ci gaba da rufe sauran tantanin halitta kuma suna fara sake zagayowar sake zagayowar.
Babu kwayoyi da zasu iya hana maturation da budding tsari .