Ra'ayin cututtuka na cututtuka (STDs) a cikin jima'i a Amurka a kan tashi. Daga 2013 zuwa 2014 kadai, yawan adadin syphilis ya tashi daga 56,482 zuwa 63,450, yayin da cututtuka na gonorrheal sun karu da karuwa a shekara guda tun 2009.
Mafi mahimmanci, yawan lamarin chlamydia ya kusan ninki biyu a cikin shekaru goma, ya tashi daga 929,462 a 2004 zuwa 1,441,789 da 2014.
Yayinda yake sanannun cewa STD na iya kara yawan haɗarin mutum na samun ciwon HIV, mutane da yawa basu fahimci dalilin da yasa wannan ya kasance ko hanyoyin da STD zasu iya sauƙaƙe kamuwa da cuta-ko da a wasu abubuwa masu hadari kamar na jima'i . Gaskiyar cewa yawancin cututtuka masu wanzuwa har yanzu basu kasancewa ba kawai don ƙwayar cutar.
Yayinda yake a fili cewa cututtuka na ulcers kamar syphilis-wanda zai iya bayyana tare da budewa sosai a kan al'amuran - samar da hanya mai sauƙi don samun cutar, kashi 20% na lokuta ba su da wata wahala. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin syphilitic a cikin ɗaki ko ɗakun kwayoyi suna da cikakkiyar kuskure ko kuma ba a gane su ba, samar da wata taga ta rashin sauƙi na tsawon lokaci na kamuwa da cuta ta farko (kimanin 3-6 makonni).
Amma wannan yana nufin cewa cututtuka irin su syphilis sun kasance "mafi muni" fiye da sauran STDs idan yazo da kwayar cutar HIV? Bari mu dubi dalilai uku da yasa wannan bazai kasance batu ba.
Tsarin Harkokin Tsaro na 'Yan Sakamakon "HIV"
A duk lokacin da mai cututtuka (watau mai cutar) ya shiga jiki, tsarin rigakafi zai kunna aiki nan da nan, wanda ya haifar da wata halitta, mai amsawa mai kumburi. Kumburi yakan auku ne kawai saboda aikin haɗin kan an harba shi cikin babban taya, samar da plethora na kwayoyin rigakafi don warewa da kuma kashe pathogen.
A cikin ƙwayar cuta, kamar STD, kwayoyin karewa irin su CD4 da CD8 T-cell ne aka tattara su a gaba. Kwayoyin T-CD4 sunadaran "mataimaki" wadanda ke daɗaɗaɗɗen CD8 T-cell don tayar da pathogen.
Abin baƙin ciki shi ne cewa ainihin kwayoyin sunada nufin sigina harin-CD4-kwayoyin su ne waɗanda cutar HIV ta fi dacewa da shi don kamuwa da cutar. Sabili da haka, yayin da ake kai hare-haren da ake yi na hargitsi, ana samun ƙarin ƙwayoyin salula kuma mafi kusantar cutar HIV za ta iya shiga cikin kariya na kare lafiyar jiki.
Dalilin da yasa har ma kwayoyin cuta a ƙarƙashin murfin azzakari na iya ƙara yawan samuwa ga karuwar cutar HIV tun lokacin da kwayar halitta ta iya samar da wata amsa mai saurin gaske.
Saboda haka ko da ma STD ba zai iya daidaita rikici ba daga magungunan, gwargwadon zuciya ko bakin bakin ciki, ƙaddamarwa mai tsabta na kwayoyin halitta a shafin yanar gizo na kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta yana samar wa HIV wata damar da ta fi dacewa ta bunƙasa, musamman ma idan aka bar kamuwa da cuta.
Tsarin STD Yana Ƙarfafa Ciwon Siriya a Cikin Gida na Genital
Kamar yadda STD na iya ƙara haɓakar mutum ga HIV, STD na iya kara yawan haɗarin mutumin da ya wuce cutar zuwa wasu. Kumburi shine, sake, mahimmin hanyar, inda yaduwar kwayoyin jikinsu ke daukar nauyin kai tsaye ga shafin yanar gizo na kamuwa da cutar.
Lokacin da wannan ya faru, wani tsari da ake kira "yaduwar cutar HIV" zai iya faruwa. An bayyana wannan a matsayin tashin hanzari na cutar HIV, wanda har sai wannan ya kasance a ɓoye na ɓoye na sirri . A sakamakon wannan zubar, sababbin kwayoyin cutar HIV za su iya ninka da kuma haifar da ruwaye na jiki da maniyyi, ƙãra yawan lambobi fiye da abin da zai faru ba tare da STD ba.
A cewar wani bincike na 2008 na Jami'ar Cape Town ta Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Magungunan Iyaye, cutar ta HIV da aka zubar da jini a cikin suturta ta jiki tana kusan ninki biyu saboda sakamakon cutar da ke ciki ko kuma kamuwa da cuta.
Mafi mawuyacin haka, zai iya yin haka idan ana kula da mutum ga HIV ko a'a.
Bincike ya nuna cewa, a gaban wani kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar jima'i, mutumin da ke kan cutar kanjamau zai iya samun cutar ta ganowa a cikin ɓoye na al'ada koda kuwa an cire nauyin hoto na jini a jini.
Wasu STDs na iya haifar da kwayar cutar HIV ta "komawa"
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofi na maganin rigakafi (ART) ita ce ta kawar da kwayar cutar ta HIV gaba daya. A cikin haka, mutumin da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV ba zai iya cutar da wasu ba. A gaskiya ma, yawancin bincike sun nuna cewa mai kamuwa da kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ta HIV fiye da kashi 90 cikin 100 zai iya cutar da wani abokin tarayya mai cutar HIV wanda ya kamu da kwayar cutar HIV idan ya cika duka ART.
Duk da haka, idan mutumin nan ya sami ciwon hoto (watau dawo da cutar HIV), haɗarin watsawa zai iya karuwa a fili.
A cewar masu bincike tare da ANRS (Hukumar Labaran Cibiyar AIDS da Hepatitis Research), mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV suna da kimanin kusan 200% mafi haɗarin ciwon kyamaran jini idan sun hada da syphilis. A halin yanzu, kamuwa da cutar syphilis na farko ya haifar da akalla karuwar nauyin hoto mai sau biyar a cikin mutane masu fama da kwayar cutar HIV. Wannan ya haɗa da maza a ci gaba, ƙaunatacciyar ART, kuma yana faruwa ba tare da la'akari da shekarun haihuwa, jima'i ba, ko matsayi na asali (kamar yadda aka auna ta CD4 ).
Wannan yana nuna muhimmancin buƙatar kula da syphilis a cikin yawan mutane masu hadari, musamman maza da suka yi jima'i tare da maza (MSM) wadanda ke lissafin kashi 83% na sharuɗɗan syphilis a cikin maza da 30% na dukkanin sababbin kwayar cutar HIV a Amurka.
Yayin da babu wata ƙungiya tsakanin sauran STDs da kuma hadarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar ta hanyar bidiyo, ana ci gaba da hadarin watsawa a cikin mutane marasa lafiya ga HIV.
Sources:
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC). "Cututtuka da aka haɗu da jima'i - Takardun da aka ruwaito da kuma yawan kuɗin da aka ruwaito ta hanyar 100,000 Yawan, Amurka, 1941-2014." Atlanta, Jojiya; shafi na sabunta ranar 17 ga Yuli, 2015.
Johnson, L. da Lewis, D. "Sakamakon cutar cututtuka a kan cutar kanjamau HIV-1 a cikin sashin jikin jini: nazari na yau da kullum da kuma bincike-bincike." Kwayoyin cututtuka da aka yi da jima'i . Nuwamba 2008; 35 (11): 946-959.
Chun, H .; Masassaƙa, R .; Macalino, G .; et al. "Matsayi na Harkokin Cutar da Aka Haɗu da Jima'i a cikin Ciwon HIV-1: Cibiyar Nazarin Wallafe-wallafe." Labarai na Cututtukan Cututtuka da Jima'i. Mayu 28, 2012; Vol 2013; labarin ID 176459: 1-15.
Jarzebowski, W .; Caumes, E ;; Dupin, N. et al. "Sakamakon kamuwa da cutar syphilis a farkon cutar kyamarar plasma da CD4 a cikin kwayoyin cutar marasa lafiya na mutum-mutum: sakamakon daga ƙungiyar FHDH-ANRS CO4." Tsaro na Magungunan Hoto. Satumba 10, 2012; 172 (16): 1237-1243. .