Shin Genetics na tsufa Key to Ciwon daji?
Dukkan kwayoyin sunada radiyo ta hanyar da ake hada su, ninka, sa'annan suna shan apoptosis (mutuwar salula) lokacin da basu da aiki.
Yawancin lokaci yana taimakawa wajen yin la'akari da yin amfani da salula kamar yadda ake amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa. Bayan lokaci, kwayoyin halittar kwayoyin halitta ( DNA ) sun fara raguwa kuma tantanin halitta kanta ya zama kariya na asali.
Idan wannan ya faru, shirye-shiryen mutuwar kwayar halitta ya ba da damar sabon sautin ɗauka da kuma kiyaye tsarin da ke gudana.
Yawan lokutan tantanin salula zai iya raba shi ne wanda wani abu ne wanda aka sani da iyakar Hayflick. Wannan ya bayyana aikin da tsari na rarraba (wanda aka sani da mitosis) ya rakantar da kwayoyin halitta, musamman ma'anar DNA da ake kira telomere.
Tsarin Hayflick ya nuna cewa ƙananan tantanin halitta zai raba tsakanin 50 zuwa 70 sau kafin apoptosis.
Fahimtar Telomeres
Chromosomes suna da siffar zane a cikin tsakiya na tantanin halitta. Kowane chromosome an halicce shi da sunadarin gina jiki da kwayoyin kwayoyin DNA.
A kowane ɓangare na chromosome wani telomere ne wanda mutane za su kwatanta sau da yawa ga shafukan filastik a iyakar takalma. Telomeres yana da mahimmanci domin sun hana chromosomes daga ɓoyewa, jinginewa ga juna, ko yin fuska a cikin zobe.
A duk lokacin da kwayar halitta ta rarraba, DNA mai sau biyu ya raba domin don bayanan bayanan kwayar.
Lokacin da wannan ya faru, ana kirkiro coding DNA amma ba maɓallin telomere ba. Lokacin da kwafin ya cika kuma mitosis ya fara, wurin da aka ware shi daga baya shine a telomere.
Kamar yadda irin wannan, tare da kowane ƙarfin kwayar halitta, telomere ya fi guntu kuma ya fi guntu har sai ba zai iya cigaba da kasancewa mutunci ga chromosome ba.
Lokaci ne cewa apoptosis na faruwa.
Telomeres dangantaka da tsofaffi da ciwo
Masana kimiyya zasu iya amfani da tsawon wani telomere don tantance shekarun tantanin halitta kuma yawancin karin tambayoyin da ya bar. Yayin da ragowar kwayar halitta ta ragu, yana ci gaba da ci gaba da ɓarna da ake kira senescence , wanda muke maimaita a matsayin tsufa . Sashin siginar jiki yana bayyana dalilin da yasa kwayoyin jikinmu da sutura sun fara canzawa yayin da muke girma. A ƙarshe, dukkanin jikin mu "'yan Adam" ne kuma batun batun jikin mutum .
Duk, wato, amma daya. Kwayoyin cututtuka sune nau'in tantanin halitta wanda za a iya daukan gaske "m." Ba kamar sauran kwayoyin halitta ba, kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji ba su shan kwayar cutar kwayar cutar amma suna iya ci gaba da ninka ba tare da iyaka ba.
Wannan, cikin da na kanta, ya rushe ma'auni na yin amfani da salula a jiki. Idan an yarda da irin nau'in tantanin halitta don sake bugawa, ba zai iya maye gurbin dukkan sauran ba kuma ya rushe ayyuka masu mahimmanci. Wannan shi ne abin da ya faru da ciwon daji kuma me yasa wadannan kwayoyin "marasa mutuwa" na iya haifar da cutar da mutuwa.
An yi imani cewa ciwon daji yana faruwa ne saboda maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta zai iya haifar da samar da wani enzyme, wanda ake kira da telomerase , wanda ya hana telomeres daga ragewa.
Yayinda kowane tantanin halitta a cikin jiki yana da kayyadadden kwayoyin halitta don samar da telomerase, kawai wasu kwayoyin suna bukatar shi.
Kwayoyin Sperm, alal misali, suna buƙatar canzawa telomere don rage fiye da 50 kofe na kansu; in ba haka ba, ciki ba zai iya faruwa ba.
Idan ɓataccen kwayar cutar ta ba da gangan ya juya kayan aikin telomerase a kan, zai iya haifar da kwayoyin da ba'a iya ninka kuma samar da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi. An yi imanin cewa yayin da yawan rayuka na ci gaba da girma, chancesan wannan zai faru ba kawai zai zama mafi girma ba amma ƙarshe ya zama wanda ba zai yiwu ba.
> Source;
> Arai, Y; Martin-Ruiz, C. Takayama, M. et al. "Kumburi, amma ba Telomere Length, Tsammani Suyi Aiki A Matsayin Tsohon Tsohon Alkawari: Nazari na Tsare-Tsaren Semi-supercentenarians." e BioMedicine . 2015; 2 (10): 1549-48; DOI: 10.1016 / j.ebiom.2015.07.029 ..