Shin telomeres zai iya bayyana tsufa?
Sakamakon binciken telomeres ya canza hanyar da masu bincike suke nazarin tsawon lokaci da kuma tsarin tsufa. A gaskiya ma, masu binciken da suka gano magungunan sun sami kyautar Nobel a Physiology ko Medicine a shekarar 2009. Telomeres sune raguwa ne na "DNA jigon" wanda aka samo a ƙarshen chromosomes . Suna kare ka ainihin DNA a duk lokacin da kwayar halitta ta raba.
A duk lokacin da kwayar halitta ta raba, toshewar DNA, da kuma bayanin da ke cikin an kofe.
Saboda yadda sassan ke rabu, ba za'a iya kwafe shi ba tukuna na karshe na chromosome, telomere. Dole a yanke dan kadan. Ana tsammanin cewa, a matsayin rabban tantanin halitta, masu telomeres sun fi guntu kuma sun fi guntu a kowane lokaci har sai sun tafi. A wannan yanayin, DNA ba za a iya kwafe shi ba, kuma tantanin halitta yana da shekaru daban-daban kuma ba zai iya sake bugawa ba.
Abin da Bincike ke Magana game da Telomere Raguwa da Yara
A cikin nazarin yawan mutane, masu bincike sun gano cewa tsofaffi suna da ƙananan telomeres. A ƙarshe, kwayoyin da ke da ƙananan telomeres ba za su iya sake yin saiti ba. Wannan yana rinjayar ƙwayoyin da yawa da yawa a tsawon lokaci, yana haifar da lalacewar nama da kuma alamun tsoro na sake.
Yawancin kwayoyin halitta suna iya yin sauƙaƙan kusan sau 50 kafin masu telomeres ya zama takaice. Wasu masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa telomeres ana zaton "sirri ne ga tsawon lokaci" kuma akwai akwai yanayi wanda ba'a iya ragewa ba.
Alal misali, kwayoyin ciwon daji ba su mutu ba (wanda shine babbar matsalar) saboda suna aiki da enzyme da ake kira telomerase wadda ta kara da cewa zuwa ga telomeres lokacin da sel suka raba.
Dukkan kwayoyin jikinsu suna da ikon samar da telomerase, amma kawai wasu kwayoyin - ciki har da kwayoyin sutura, kwayoyin halitta, da jini mai tsabta - suna buƙatar samar da enzyme.
Wadannan kwayoyin suna buƙatar canzawa fiye da sau 50 a cikin rayuwa, don haka ta hanyar samar da telomerase ba su da tsangwama ta telomere.
Maganin telomeres ba kawai suna hade da shekaru ba, amma tare da cututtuka. A gaskiya ma, tsawon lokaci na telomere da aiki mai lalomerase mai zurfi suna hade da wasu cututtuka masu hana kariya. Wadannan sun hada da hauhawar jini, cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, insulin resistance, iri na 2 da ciwon sukari, ciwo, osteoporosis, da kuma kiba.
Shin yana faruwa ga kowa?
A'a. Kuma abin mamaki ne. Masu bincike a Sweden sun gano cewa wasu mutane ba sa dole ba su yi raguwa fiye da lokaci. A hakikanin gaskiya, sun gano cewa wasu kalomeres na mutane zasu iya yin tsayi. Wannan bambance-bambance a matakin mutum ba shi da tabbas ta hanyar nazarin da ya gabata wanda ya sami sakamako mai yawa a kan yawan mutane.
A cikin binciken, mutane 959 suka ba da jini sau biyu, shekaru 9 zuwa 11 baya. A matsakaici, samfurori na biyu sun fi kalomeres fiye da na farko. Duk da haka, kimanin kashi 33 cikin dari na waɗanda aka yi nazari sun kasance balaga ko ƙaruwa mai tsawo a tsawon shekaru 10.
Menene ma'anar wannan? Ba a sani ba. Yana iya zama cewa wa] annan mutanen suna da matsala mai mahimmanci na wayar salula; zai iya kasancewa suna da wata alama ce ta ciwon daji (masu bincike sun yi ƙoƙari su yi sarauta akan wannan), ko kuma yana iya zama ma'ana.
Abinda muka sani tabbas shine tsufa yafi rikitarwa fiye da kallon raguwa na telomeres.
Kalma Daga
Ka'idar telomere na ɗaya daga cikin tunanin da ya tsufa . Wannan matsala ne, kuma sabon binciken zai iya jure shi ko kuma zasu iya haifar da yin amfani da ka'idar don inganta sutura ga cututtuka da yanayi.
> Sources:
> Nordfjäll K, Svenson U, Norrback KF, Adolfsson R, Lenner P, Roos G. Mutum na jini jini telomere attrition rate ne telomere tsawon dogara. PLoS Genetics, Fabrairu 13, 2009 DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pgen.1000375