Ɗaya daga cikin wurare mai ban sha'awa na bincike mai zurfi a kan telomeres, wanda shine "matakai" a ƙarshen chromosomes, wanda ya ƙunshi DNA. Telomeres na taka muhimmiyar rawa a lafiyar mutum da kuma masana kimiyyar da suka gano sun lashe kyautar Nobel a Physiology ko Medicine a shekarar 2009.
Lokacin da kwayoyin suna kusa su rarraba, DNA dole ne a yi rikitarwa.
Abubuwan enzymes da ke aiwatar da tsarin aiwatarwa sun fara ne ta hanyar latsawa zuwa ƙarshen chromosome. Rashin ɓangaren chromosome wanda nau'in kayan aikin da aka dauka ba za'a iya kofe ba, sabili da haka tare da kowane ɓangaren tantanin halitta, ƙwayar chromosome zai zama ya fi guntu. Telomere raguwa yana nuna alamar tsufa. Telomeres sune sassan DNA a iyakar chromosomes wanda ya samar da wuri don kayan aiki don haɗawa, don haka za'a iya kofe DNA a cikin dukansa. Domin wani sabon tsari zai faru, dole ne a sami haɗin mai barin telomere don ya samar da wuri don yin amfani da maƙalafan enzymes don haɓaka, da ajiye jigilar maɓallin jigilar jigilar su da kuma samuwa don a kofe su. Idan telomere ya zama gajere, DNA an yi amfani da sabuntawa, kuma tantanin halitta ba zai iya raba. Sel suna da matakan da ke ciki don kula da telomeres. Telomerase enzyme ya sake gina telomeres, don ramawa ga ragewar da ke faruwa da kowane rarrabawar sel.
Ƙunƙasa mai raɗaɗɗen salula ya kai ga salon salula
Tsufa na sakonni, wanda ya haɗa da ragowar telomere da lalacewa na DNA, ya haifar da sukar jiki, wani sashi na kamarar kwayar halitta. Tantanin yana da rai, amma ba lafiya ba kuma ba zai iya rabawa ba. Kamar yadda yawancin kwayoyin jikinsu a cikin jiki zasu zama mai zurfi, ainihin abin da nama ya tsufa, aikinsa ya zama abin ƙyama.
Kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta ba su iya aiwatar da tsarin tafiyar da al'amuran al'ada ba, suna lalata iyawar nama don gyara lalacewar, da kuma abubuwan da ke ɓoyewa da ke da tasiri akan aikin da ke kewaye da kwayoyin halitta da kuma inganta cigaban ciwon daji.
An yi amfani da Telomeres mai tsauri zuwa cuta
Za'a iya auna tsayin telomere da kuma aikin telomerase a cikin jinin jini na mutane, wannan kuma ya ba masu bincike damar yin nazari akan abubuwan da jihohin cututtuka tare da dangantaka da waɗannan alamomin tsufa.
A cikin binciken mutum, raguwar telomere ko ƙananan aiki na telomerase an hade da wasu cututtuka na yau da kullum, wadanda suka haɗa da hauhawar jini, cututtukan zuciya, ciwon insulin, iri na 2, ciwon sukari, osteoporosis, da kiba.
Abincin Abinci da Salon Yanayin Yayi Matukar Telomere Length
Tsarin Telomere da kuma aikin telomerase suna shafi duka kwayoyin halitta da kuma tasirin muhalli, ciki har da cin abinci da zaɓin rayuwa. Matsayi mafi girma daga kayan lambu da amfani da 'ya'yan itace, yin amfani da fiber, bitamin da kuma ma'adinai, da kuma motsa jiki sune abubuwan da ke hade da telomeres da tsayi da kuma yawan ayyukan telomerase. Tsayawa da telomeres ya zama daya daga cikin hanyoyin da wadannan salon salon salon rayuwa suke bunkasa tsawon lokaci.
Sources:
Burton DG, Krizhanovsky V. Tsarin halittu da kuma sakamakon ilimin kwayoyin halitta. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014, 71: 4373-4386.
Cassidy A, De Vivo I, Liu Y, et al. Ƙungiyoyi tsakanin cin abinci, abubuwan rayuwa, da tsawon lokacin telomere a cikin mata. Am J Clin Nutr 2010, 91: 1273-1280.
Deng W, Cheung ST, Tsao SW, et al. Ayyukan Telomerase da ƙungiyarsa tare da damuwa na tunanin mutum, damuwa na tunanin mutum, abubuwan rayuwa da haɗin gwiwar: Binciken na yau da kullum. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016, 64: 150-163.
Hanyoyin rayuwa mai sauƙi suna canje-canje a kan aikin telomerase da kuma tsawon telomere a cikin maza da cutar ciwon kwari mai kwakwalwa ta kwayar cutar mai kwakwalwa: kimanin shekaru biyar na binciken gwajin gwagwarmaya.
Marcon F, Siniscalchi E, Crebelli R, et al. Telomere na rage cin abinci da kuma kwanciyar hankali na chromosome. Mutagenesis 2012, 27: 49-57.