Sanin abin da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta zai iya taimaka maka ka fahimci matsalar kwayoyin halitta
Cibiyoyin kimiyya na ilimin jinsin ya kara ƙaruwa a kowace rana, yin bincike da kuma maganin likita a kowane lokaci. Idan kai ko wanda kake ƙauna an gano shi tare da yanayin kwayoyin halitta, mai yiwuwa yana da wuya a ci gaba da bin dukkan waɗannan maganganun jinsin. Ga wasu shafukan da aka fi kowa da kuma abin da kuke bukata don sanin su.
Menene DNA?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) yana dauke da bayanan kwayoyin cikin jikin jikin ku. DNA ya ƙunshi sunadarai hudu-adenine, thymine, cytosine, da guanine-waɗanda ake kira asali da kuma raguwa kamar yadda A, T, C, da G. Wadannan asali suna maimaitawa a cikin nau'i biyu don samar da DNA naka.
Mene ne Gene?
Kwayar halitta wani ɓangare ne na DNA dinku. Jinsin tsari ne na tsari don yin duk abin da jikinka ke buƙata, musamman ma sunadarai. Kuna da nau'in kwayoyin 25,000. Masu bincike sun riga sun gano abin da mafi yawancin kwayoyinmu suke yi, duk da haka, wasu kwayoyinmu zasu iya haɗuwa da cututtuka irin su cystic fibrosis ko cutar Huntington.
Sunadaran: Gidan Bugun Gininmu
Sunadaran su ne sarƙoƙi na ginin gine-gine da ake kira amino acid. Amfanin gina jiki zai iya ƙunshi kawai amino acid a cikin sarkar ko zai iya samun dubban mutane. Sunadaran sunada asali ga mafi yawan abin da jikinka ke yi kamar narkewa, samar da makamashi, da girma.
Ka'idojin Chromosomes
An saka jinsin a cikin daure da ake kira chromosomes. Mutane suna da nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i biyu na chromosomes, wanda ya haifar da mutumwan mutum 46 na chromosomes. Daga waɗannan nau'i-nau'i, guda biyu, x da y chromosome, ƙayyade ko kai namiji ne ko mace, da wasu siffofin jiki. Ma'aurata suna da nau'i na biyu na chromosomes yayin da maza suna da nau'i na XY chromosomes.
Sauran nau'i nau'i biyu nau'i ne na chromosomes, wanda ya ƙayyade sauran kayan jikinka.
Gidan Dan Adam?
Tsarin ɗan adam shine cikakken kwafin dukkanin umarnin dan Adam. Shirin Tsarin Dan Adam, wanda aka kammala a shekara ta 2003, ya gano dukkanin kwayoyin halitta a cikin DNA kuma ya adana bayanin a cikin bayanai don haka duk masu bincike a ko'ina zasu iya amfani da shi.
Fahimtar Mutuwa
Kayan tsari na nau'i nau'i na As, Ts, Cs, da Gs suna da muhimmanci a cikin DNA. Wani lokaci akwai kuskure-daya daga cikin nau'i-nau'i suna canzawa, kika aika, ko maimaitawa. Wannan yana canza coding ga daya ko fiye kwayoyin kuma an kira maye gurbi. Wasu maye gurɓata ba su da kyau, yayin da wasu maye gurbi na iya haifar da cututtuka ko haifar da ciki ba tare da yiwuwar ba.
Wata hanyar hanyar DNA ta iya canzawa ta hanyar kurakurai ne a cikin chromosomes. Sassan ɓangaren chromosome zasu iya karyawa, canza tare da wani ɓangare na wani chromosome, ko kuma a canza su a cikin wannan chromosome. Idan wani daga cikin waɗannan ko wasu kuskuren faruwa to, canje-canje, wanda aka sani da maye gurbi, yana faruwa a cikin ƙayyadadden jinsin ku. Hakanan zaka iya samun nau'i uku na chromosome, wanda aka sani da trisomy, ko guda ɗaya kawai, maimakon na al'ada. Down syndrome, wanda ake kira trisomy 21, yana faruwa ne a lokacin da akwai nau'i uku na chromosome 21.
Sources
- > Burton, Jess, & Jon Turney. Jagoran Rough ga Yanayin & Cloning . London: Rough Guide Ltd, 2007.
- > "Menene Gene?" Sanin Genetics. The Museum Museum of Innovation. 21 Jan 2008.
- > "Ta yaya Rashin Halitta Kwayoyin Halitta An Sami." Howard Hughes Medical Cibiyar. 21 Jan 2008.
- > "Mahimman Bayani da Gaba." Learn.Genetics. Jami'ar Utah. 21 Jan 2008.