Mitochondria suna da kyawawan kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke zaune a kusan kowane tantanin halitta a jikin mu. Ba kamar sauran sassa na tantanin halitta ba, mitochondria kusan kusan tantanin halitta ne. A gaskiya ma, sun kasance kusan dukkanin kwayoyin halitta, tare da kwayoyin halitta wanda ya bambanta da sauran jikin. Alal misali, muna yarda da cewa mun gaji rabin abincin mu daga mahaifiyarmu da rabi daga ubanmu.
Wannan ba gaskiya bane. Halitta DNA ta rarraba ta wata hanya dabam kuma an gaji gaba ɗaya daga uwa.
Yawancin masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa mitochondria misali ne na dangantaka mai tsayi, wanda kwayoyin da suka wuce sun haɗu tare da kwayoyinmu don haka duka kwayoyin mu da kwayoyin sun dogara ne akan juna. Muna buƙatar mitochondria don aiwatar da yawancin makamashin makamashinmu ya kamata mu tsira. Hasken oxygen da muke numfashi yana inganta tsarin da ba zai yiwu bane ba tare da wannan karamin ba.
Kamar yadda abin mamaki a matsayin mitochondria, sun kasance masu iya lalata kamar yadda wani ɓangare na jikinmu yake. Sauyewar maye gurbin a cikin DNA na iya haifar da wani nau'i daban-daban. Wannan zai haifar da ciwon hauka idan an yi la'akari da zama sabon abu kuma musamman mawuyacin hali, amma yanzu ana ganin su fiye da yadda aka yi tunanin. Wani rukunin dake arewa maso gabashin Ingila ya gano cewa kusan mutane 1 cikin 15,200 mutane ne.
Yawanci mafi yawa, game da 1 a 200, yana da maye gurbin, amma maye gurbi ba alamar alama bane.
Kwayar mai juyayi yana dogara da oxygen don yin aikinsa, kuma hakan yana nufin magungunanmu na bukatar mitochondria suyi aiki sosai. Lokacin da mitochondria ya yi kuskure, tsarin mai juyayi shine sau da farko na shan wahala.
Kwayoyin cututtuka na Mitochondrial Disease
Mafi yawan bayyanar cututtuka da cutar ta haifar da cutar ita ce cututtuka, wanda ke nufin magungunan tsoka.
Sauran cututtuka sun hada da matsalolin hangen nesa, tunanin matsaloli, ko haɗuwa da alamun bayyanar. Kwayoyin cututtuka sukan haɗa tare don haifar da ɗaya daga cikin mahaukaci daban-daban.
Ophthalmoplegia na cigaba na yau da kullum (CPEO) - a cikin CPEO, ƙuƙwalwar ido na sannu a hankali yana ciwo. Wannan yana faruwa a lokacin da mutane ke cikin talatin, amma zasu iya faruwa a kowane zamani. Gani biyu yana da mahimmanci, amma wasu matsalolin gani na iya gano su ta hanyar binciken likita. Wasu siffofin, musamman idan aka samo a cikin iyalai, suna tare da matsaloli na jin, maganganu ko haɗuwa da matsalolin, neuropathies , ko ciki.
Ciwo na Kearns-Sayre - Ciwo na Kearns-Sayre ya kusan kamar CPEO, amma tare da wasu matsaloli masu yawa da kuma farkon shekarun farko. Matsaloli sukan fara ne lokacin da mutane ke da shekaru 20. Wasu matsaloli sun hada da alamar cututtuka, alamomi mai cin gashin zuciya, matsalolin zuciya da rashin hankali. Ciwon ciwo na Kearns-Sayre ya fi muni fiye da CPEO, kuma zai iya haifar da mutuwa ta tsawon shekaru goma na rayuwa.
Leber mai kula da ƙwayoyin cuta mai kwakwalwa (LHON) - LHON shine gadowar hangen nesan da ke haifar da makanta a samari.
Ciwo na rashin lafiya - Har ila yau an san shi kamar yadda ake haifar da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, ƙwayar cuta mai sauƙi yakan kasance a cikin ƙananan yara. cutar ta haifar da lalacewa, rikici , rauni, jinkiri na cigaba, dystonia , da sauransu. Hanyoyin fuska na Magnetic (MRI) na kwakwalwa suna nuna alamar rashin tausayi a cikin ganglia basal. Kwayar cutar ita ce yawanci a cikin watanni.
Madachondrial encephalopathy tare da lactic acidosis da annoba-kamar episodes (MELAS) - MELAS yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan iri iri na mitochondrial cuta. An gaji daga uwarsa. Haka kuma cutar tana haifar da cututtukan da suka shafi cututtuka, wanda zai iya haifar da rauni ko asarar hangen nesa. Sauran bayyanar cututtuka sun haɗa da haɗari, ƙaura, vomiting, ɓacin ji, rauni na tsoka, da ɗan gajeren lokaci. Cutar ta fara farawa yayin ƙuruciya kuma yana cigaba da ciwo. Ana iya bincikar shi da ƙananan matakan lactic acids a cikin jini da kuma irin "mummunan jan fiber" bayyanar tsoka a karkashin na'urar microscope.
Ƙunƙarar rigakafi tare da ragged ja fibers (MERRF) - Myoclonus shi ne mai tsabta mai tsoka sosai, kamar abin da mutane da yawa sun riga mu barci barci. Myoclonus a cikin MERRF ya fi yawanci kuma ana biye da shi ta hanyar kamala, hoto, da kuma rauni na tsoka. Rashin baƙin ciki, matsalolin hangen nesa, neuropathy na jiki, da kuma lalacewa na iya faruwa.
Mahaukaciyar gaji da kuma ciwon sukari (MIDD) - Wannan mummunar cuta yana shafar mutane tsakanin shekaru 30 zuwa 40. Bugu da ƙari, gajiyar hasara da kuma ciwon sukari, mutanen da ke tare da MIDD na iya samun lalacewar hangen nesa, rauni na tsoka, matsalolin zuciya, cututtukan koda, cututtukan gastrointestinal, da kuma gajere.
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE) - Wannan yana haifar da mummunan lalacewa na hanji, wanda zai haifar da mummunan rauni da ƙyama. Matsaloli tare da ido ido suna da mahimmanci, kamar yadda neuropathies da launin fata suka canza a kwakwalwa. Cutar ta zo a ko'ina daga yaro har zuwa hamsin hamsin amma yafi kowa a cikin yara.
Neuropathy, ataxia da retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) - Bugu da ƙari ga matsalolin ciwon jijiya da ƙyama, NARP na iya haifar da jinkiri, ciwo, rauni, da damuwa.
Sauran cututtukan mitochondrial sun hada da ciwo na Pearson (cututtukan anemia da pancreatic), rashin ciwo na Barth (cututtuka na XSS, cardiomyopathy, da mopodrial myopathy, da neutropenia cyclic), da ciwon girma, amino aciduria, cholestasis, ƙarfe ƙarfe, lactic acidosis, da kuma mutuwar farko (GRACILE ).
Binciken Mitochondrial Diseases
Saboda cutar mitochondrial zai iya haifar da mummunar yanayin bayyanar cututtuka, waɗannan cututtuka na da wuya ko da ma likitocin horo su gane. A cikin halin da ke faruwa a halin yanzu inda dukkanin bayyanar cututtuka sun zama alama ga wata cuta ta musamman, za a iya gwada gwajin kwayoyin don tabbatar da ganewar asali. In ba haka ba, wasu gwaje-gwaje na iya zama dole.
Mitochondria ne ke da alhakin maganin mairobic metabolism, wanda mafi yawan mu ke amfani da rana zuwa rana don motsawa. Lokacin da motar mairobic metabolism ya ƙare, kamar yadda a cikin motsa jiki mai zurfi, jiki yana da tsari mai tsafta wanda zai haifar da gina lactic acid. Wannan shine abinda yake sa ƙwaƙwalwarmu ya ji zafi kuma ya ƙone lokacin da muka dame su saboda dogon lokaci. Saboda mutanen da ke fama da cutar mitochondrial suna da kasafin amfani da maganin su na haya, ana yaduwa da lactic acid, kuma ana iya auna wannan kuma alamar alama cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne da mitochondria. Wasu abubuwa na iya kara yawan lactate, duk da haka. Alal misali, acid mai lactic acid a cikin ruwa mai mahimmanci zai iya ɗaukakawa bayan tacewa ko bugun jini. Bugu da ƙari kuma, wasu nau'o'in cututtuka na mitochondrial, kamar cutar Leigh, suna da matakan lactate da ke cikin iyakokin al'ada.
Kayan gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da matakan lactate a cikin plasma da ruwa mai kwakwalwa. Electrocardiograms iya kimantawa ga arrhythmias, wanda zai iya zama m. Hoto na ainihi (MRI) zai iya nema canza canjin . Za a iya amfani da na'ura mai walƙiya don bincika cutar ƙwayar tsoka. Idan akwai damuwa don samowa, za'a iya ba da umurni ga electroencephalography. Dangane da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, ilimin halayyar jijiyo ko gwajin gwaji na iya ƙila za a bada shawara.
Musamman kwayoyin halitta yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya magance matsalolin mitochondrial. Yawancin cututtuka na mitochondrial sun zo tare da myopathy, wani lokacin ma ko babu wata alamar bayyanar cututtuka kamar ƙwayar tsoka ko rauni.
Jiyya a Mitochondrial Cututtuka
A wannan lokacin, babu tabbacin tabbacin maganin matsalar mitochondrial. Manufar mayar da hankali ita ce kan gudanar da bayyanar cututtuka kamar yadda suke tashi. Duk da haka, kyakkyawan ganewar asali zai iya taimakawa wajen shirya ci gaba, kuma a yanayin yanayin rashin lafiya, zai iya tasiri ga tsarin iyali.
Takaitaccen
A takaice, dole ne a yi la'akari da cutar mitochondrial idan akwai haɗuwa da alamar cututtuka da suka shafi zuciyar tsohuwar zuciya, kwakwalwa, ko idanu. Duk da yake gadon mahaifiyar yana da tunani, yana yiwuwa kuma har ma da galibi ga cutar mitochondrial ya haifar da maye gurbin cikin DNA, saboda haɗin kai tsakanin kwayoyin halittar kwayoyin halitta da mitochondria. Bugu da ƙari kuma, wasu cututtuka ba su da wani lokaci, ma'ana suna faruwa a karon farko ba tare da an gaji ba. Har ila yau, cututtuka na mitochondrial har yanzu suna da ɗan inganci kuma mafi kwarewa ne ta hanyar likita tare da fahimta sosai game da wannan sashin cutar cutar.
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