Tarihi, Imfanoninsa, da kuma yadda za ta iya tsara sabon gyaran lafiya
Saitunan Hyde sun hana kudaden tarayya don yin amfani da su don biya zubar da ciki-tare da ƙananan iyakance-ta hanyar duk wani shirin da Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam (HHS) ke gudanarwa.
An kafa dokar gyarawa, wanda aka gabatar da Henry Hyde (R, Illinois) a shekara ta 1976, kuma kodayake bai zama doka ta har abada ba, majalisa ta sake sabunta shi a cikin shekaru arba'in da suka gabata, da sanya shi a matsayin mahayi zuwa kudaden HHS .
Abubuwan da ke cikin Hyde gyare-gyaren sune lokuta ne da ke faruwa da fyade ko hawaye, ko kuma lokacin da mahaifiyarsa ta kasance cikin haɗari.
Wanene An Yi Wa Kuɗi?
Amfanin gyare-gyaren ya shafi matan da Medicaid ke rufe, amma har ya kai ga shirin Assurance lafiyar Yara , Ayyukan Lafiya Indiya, da Medicare (kimanin miliyoyin mata masu haihuwa da aka haifa a ƙarƙashin Medicare, yayin da shirin ya rufe wadanda ke da nakasa ban da tsofaffi).
Kuma an tanadar da irin wannan tanadi a tsawon shekarun da suka shafi ɗaukar hoto da aka ba wa mata a cikin soja (TRICARE), ma'aikatan tarayya da ke daukar nauyin su ta hanyar Shirin Maida lafiyar ma'aikatan lafiyar ma'aikatan Tarayya, da kuma matan da suke aiki a cikin Peace Corps.
Hanyoyin da aka haramta a kan zubar da ciki ga ma'aikatan agaji na Peace Corps da mata da suke aiki a cikin soja sun wuce abin da ake bukata na Amintattun Hyde, daga 1979 zuwa 2014 don ba da agaji na ma'aikatan lafiya, kuma daga 1981 zuwa 2013 ga mata a cikin sojan.
Shirin Harkokin Aminci na 1979 ya hada da duk wani nauyin da aka yi wa masu aikin sa kai, duk da cewa fyade, haɗari ko haɗari ga lafiyar mata. Wannan ban ya kasance a wurin har zuwa shekarar 2014, lokacin da sabon tsarin kudade ya ba da tallafin zubar da ciki ga ma'aikatan agaji na Peace Corps a lokuta da fyade ko hawaye, ko lokacin da rayuwar mace za ta zama cikin hadari ta hanyar daukar ciki zuwa lokaci.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, masu aikin agaji na Peace Corps sun sami zubar da ciki daidai da abin da Hyde Amendment ya bayar. Wato, ba a taɓa rufe shi ba, amma a lokuta da fyade, haɗari, ko haɗari ga rayuwar mahaifiyar, shi ne.
Tun daga shekara ta 1981, ga matan da suke aiki a cikin soja, zubar da ciki ne kawai aka rufe idan rayuwar mace ta kasance cikin hatsarin ci gaba da ciki. Amma a shekara ta 2013, an kara yawan karfin soja don ɗaukar ɗaukar hoto game da fyade a cikin lokuta na fyade ko dangi, ya kawo shi tare da gyaran Hyde.
Medicaid Coverage na Abortions
Saboda sabuntawar Hyde, ba a iya amfani da kudi na Medicaid na tarayya (wanda ke gudana ta wurin HHS) don biyan bashin zubar da ciki sai dai a lokuta da fyade, haɗari, ko haɗari ga rayuwar uwar.
Na gode a sashi na Dokar Kulawa da Kulawa ta Ma'aikatar Medicaid (wadda ta kasance a cikin haɗari bayan zaben Donald Trump), biyu daga kowace 10 mata na Amurka masu haifuwa suna rufe su da Medicaid.
Kuma zubar da ciki suna da rashin daidaitattun abubuwan da mata suka samu. Kusan rabin raguwa da aka yi a shekarar 2014 sun kasance ga mata masu samun kudin shiga a kasa da talauci. A karkashin Dokar Kasuwanci (ACA), kowa da kowa da samun kudin shiga a karkashin matakin talauci zai sami damar zuwa Medicaid, amma har yanzu akwai jihohi 19 da suka ki fadada Medicaid, kuma a cikin 18 daga cikinsu, akwai raguwa .
Don haka wasu mata da samun kudin shiga a kasa da matakin talauci ba su da wani zaɓi na hakika don inshora na kiwon lafiya. Yawancin sauran suna da Medicaid, kodayake Hyde Kwaskwarima sun kalubalanci kudade na Medicaid na tarayya don abortions a mafi yawan lokuta.
Amma Medicaid yana haɗin kuɗin da gwamnatocin tarayya da tarayya ke biya. Kuma jihohi 15 na amfani da Dokokin Medicaid na Jihar don rufe abortions a cikin wasu yanayi ba tare da fyade ba, hawaye, ko haɗari ga rayuwar mahaifiyar:
- Alaska
- California
- Connecticut
- Hawaii
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Minnesota
- Montana
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- Oregon
- Vermont
- Washington
- West Virginia
Yawancin jihohi sunyi haka saboda sakamakon kotu.
Arizona da Illinois sun kasance suna bin umarnin kotu kamar haka amma suna ci gaba-a kan keta kotu - don samar da kudade na Medicaid ne kawai don zubar da ciki a cikin lokuta da fyade, haɗari, ko haɗari ga rayuwar mahaifiyar.
Menene Game da Musayar Ma'aikatar Lafiya?
Donald Trump ya lashe zaben shugaban kasa a shekara ta 2016 kuma ya yi alkawalin sake sokewa da maye gurbin ACA. Saboda haka makomar doka ta kasance cikin iska. Amma a halin yanzu, Hyde Gyara yana taka muhimmiyar rawa game da yadda aka bayar da tallafi kuma an biya shi a cikin musayar inshora na kiwon lafiya.
Kamfanin ACA ya kafa musayar inshora na asibiti a kowace jiha, mafi yawan abin da gwamnatin tarayya ta gudanar ta hanyar HealthCare.gov. Dukkan tsare-tsaren kasuwannin da aka sayar tun shekara ta 2014-ciki har da waɗanda suke sayarwa a musayar-dole ne su haɗa da ɗaukar hoto don amfanin 10 da ACA ta ba da damar. Kodayake kulawa da mata masu kyau, ƙwaƙwalwa, da kuma ɗaukar nauyin haihuwa suna buƙatar amfani, zubar da ciki ba. Amma a lokaci guda, ba a dakatar da tsare-tsaren kiwon lafiyar ACA daga rufewa.
Ƙasashen na iya aiwatar da ka'idodi na kansu dangane da tsarin kiwon lafiyar da ake sayarwa akan musayar zai iya samar da ɗaukar hoto don abortions. Tun daga shekara ta 2016, akwai jihohi 25 da suka aiwatar da ka'idodin su don hana damar yin aikin zubar da ciki a kan tsare-tsaren da aka sayar ta hanyar musayar. Yawancin su sun bayar da wasu waɗanda suka dace da gyaran Hyde (watau, fyade, haɗari ko haɗari ga rayuwar mahaifiyar).
Musayar ita ce kadai wurin da ake samun tallafin kuɗi , kuma masu bayar da shawarwari ga haƙƙin haifa sun lura cewa a cikin waɗannan jihohi 25 (tare da wasu jihohi shida da aka ba masu insurers hade da ɗaukar hoto don zubar da ciki a kan tsare-tsare na musayar su amma sun zaɓa kada suyi haka ), babu wata hanyar shiga inshora na asibiti da zubar da ciki.
Amma a wani ɓangare na muhawara, masu ba da shawara sun lura cewa a jihohi inda aka ba da damar daukar ciki a cikin musayar, ana iya yin wuyar matsala don ƙaddamar da kwayoyin halitta don sanin abin da tsare-tsaren ke ɗaukar abortions da abin da ba haka ba. Tun daga shekara ta 2016, akwai jihohin biyu-Hawaii da Vermont-inda duk shirye-shiryen musayar da aka samu sun hada da ɗaukar hoto, zubar da ciki don ƙaddamar da haɗin kai tare da adawa da falsafar zubar da ciki.
Asusun kula da lafiya na kiwon lafiya da aka sayar ta hanyar musayar da aka samu ta hanyar tallafin kuɗi na ACA. Don haka yarda da gyare-gyare na Hyde ya buƙaci masu sayen lafiya a cikin musayar da ke ba da zubar da ciki-fiye da ƙananan ɗakunan a Hyde Kwaskwarima-don tattara biyan kuɗi guda biyu da kuma ajiye su a cikin asusun. Wannan shine yadda suke tabbatar da cewa tallafi ne kawai ana amfani da su don rage farashin ɗaukar hoto don ayyukan da ba su shafi abortions. Amma daga yanayin da mabukaci ya ke, ba abin da ya faru ba ne, kamar yadda dokar ta ba da izinin biya bashin biyan kuɗi tare da biya ɗaya, kuma mai ɗaukar hoto zai iya rarraba kudaden bayan karɓar biya.
Wani ƙalubalantar kula da lafiyar mai biyan kuɗi
Kodayake magoya bayan Colorado sun yi nasara a zaben da aka yi a 2016, masu bada shawara guda daya sunyi kokarin gabatar da ColoradoCare , tsarin kula da lafiyar guda daya wanda zai yi tasiri a shekara ta 2019. Wannan tsari ne, wanda ba shi da mamaki, ya ƙi shi. Amma wasu kungiyoyi masu cigaba sun ƙi shi, wanda za su kasance suna son tallafin lafiyar guda ɗaya. Daya daga cikin matsala ga masu bada shawara na gaba sunyi da kudaden zubar da ciki.
NARAL Pro-Choice Colorado ya yi tsayayya da ColoradoCare a kan filaye cewa zai kawar da ɗaukar hoto don abortions a jihar. Abin damuwa shine cewa tsarin mulkin Colorado, tun 1984, ya hana yin amfani da kudade na gida don biya zubar da ciki "sai dai idan ya cancanci ya hana mutuwar mace ko ba a haife shi ba inda duk kokarin da ya dace ya kiyaye rayuwar kowa."
ColoradoCare za ta biya ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar jihohin tarayya da tarayya a karkashin Dokar Kulawa ta Shari'a 1332 Innovation waiver. Kodayake bayanin ColoradoCare da aka gabatar kafin zaben bai ambaci zubar da ciki ba, duk wanda ya sa ya zaba ya yi tunanin cewa babu wata hanya da shirin zai iya samar da zubar da ciki, kuma suna damu da cewa matan dake Colorado wadanda a halin yanzu da zubar da ciki ɗaukar hoto via masu zaman kansu inshora zai rasa damar zuwa ɗaukar hoto don abortions karkashin ColoradoCare.
An damu da irin wannan damuwa lokacin da Sanata Bernie Sanders (D, Vermont) ya ba da shawara ga mai bin kudi "Medicare for All". Tun da tsarin shirin Sanders zai shafe kan tsare-tsaren tsare-tsaren (inda zubar da ciki ke yadu) kuma ya maye gurbin su tare da kamfanonin kiwon lafiya na kudi wanda HHS ke kula da su (kuma ta haka ne batun Tsarin Hyde) miliyoyin mata zasu rasa asibiti na asibiti don zubar da ciki .
Amma ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya guda ɗaya sun kare gaba ɗaya a kan teburin don gaba mai yiwuwa, bayan lashe zaben a zaben shugaban kasa da rinjayen Republican a cikin House da Senate.
Shin za a gyara Amsa Hyde a cikin Dokar?
Zaben Shugaban kasa Donald Trump ya bayyana sau da yawa a lokacin yakin da yake yi na tsayayya da zubar da ciki. Kuma kodayake shafukan yanar gizonsa ba su haɗa da zubar da ciki a dandalin lafiyar sa ba, gidan yanar gizon sa na da taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen tsarin kiwon lafiyar wanda ya bayyana cewa gwamnatinsa zatayi aiki don "kare rayukan mutane marasa rai daga zato ga mutuwar halitta."
Yayin da 'yan Democrat da Hillary Clinton suka yi kira don cire shirin Hyde a gaba ɗaya, Jam'iyyar Republican Party Platform ta yi kira da ta sauya shi a cikin doka . Wakilan wakilai sun yi doka a shekarar 2011 cewa sun sanya Yarjejeniya ta Hyde ta zama doka ta har abada, amma ba ta wuce Majalisar Dattijai ba.
A cikin watan Satumba 2016, Trump ya rubuta wasika da ya sau biyu a kan maɓallinsa na zubar da ciki, ciki harda shirinsa na yin hukuncin adalci da zubar da ciki ga Kotun Koli, da kuma sha'awar yin gyare-gyaren Hyde.
Har yanzu za a gani ko yin gyare-gyaren Hyde zai zama na har abada. A yanzu, zamu iya ɗauka cewa a mafi ƙanƙanta, za a ci gaba da karawa da takardun kudade na gaba a gaba.
> Sources:
> ACLU Fact Sheet a kan Kasuwancin Zaman Lafiya Zubar da ciki, 2014
> Bernie 2016, Medicare ga Duk.
> Ƙungiyar Karanta ta Katolika, Ƙungiyar Kula da Zubar da ciki a Medicaid, Shirye-shiryen Kasuwanci, da Shirye-shiryen Gida. Janairu 20, 2016.
> Gidauniyar Kaiser, Tsarin Harkokin Hyde da Coverage na Abortion Services, Satumba 30, 2016.
> NARAL Pro-Choice Colorado. NARAL Pro-Choice Colorado ta sanar da adawa ga Amsawa 69. Yuni 22, 2016.