Me yasa mahaliccin DSM5 suka kawar da bayanin kwayoyin PDD-NOS?
A watan Mayun 2013, Cibiyar Harkokin Ƙwararru ta Amirka (APA) ta fitar da Magungunan Lafiya da Ta'idodi na Dokar Mutuwar (DSM) Version 5. DSM wata hanya ce ta tsara dabi'u da bayyanar cututtuka cikin ƙungiyoyi masu bincike don dalilai na asibiti da kuma kulawa da shawarar.
A tsawon lokaci, DSM ya canza radically; Ma'anar '' autism spectrum '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' yan kwanan nan, kuma manyan canje-canje ga ka'idoji na binciken autism za su canza abin da muke tunani a yanzu a matsayin "autism duniya." Abubuwa biyu da suka fi muhimmanci shine kawar da wanzuwa guda biyu da aka gano na Austism - PDD-NOS da Asperger ciwo - daga littafin.
Mene ne waɗannan canje-canje suke nufi? Don neman ƙarin bayani game da canje-canje da aka kawo, na tuntubi APA kuma na gabatar da wasu tambayoyi. Bayan 'yan makonni, na sami amsoshin, mafi yawan rubutun da Dokta Bryan King na Kungiyar Neurodevelopmental Disorders ya rubuta.
A cewar Dokta King, sababbin ka'idoji shine hanya mai kyau don samun karin bayani game da batun mutum autism. Ana tsara wannan ma'auni don rarrabe yara waɗanda kalubale ba su dace da ka'idodin autism ba. Kafin DSM5, yara da "ba kusan autism" an bincikar su tare da PDD-NOS - wani ɓangare na alamar autism.
Dokta King ya ce:
A canje-canjen da aka tsara a cikin DSM 5, mayar da hankali akan halaye ba canzawa ba. Duk da haka, akwai marmarin samun damar kwatanta mutane da gangan fiye da yadda ake iya yiwuwa tare da DSM-IV, kuma a wasu lokuta wannan zai iya haɗawa da yin amfani da ƙididdiga fiye da ɗaya. Alal misali, ta hanyar jawo lalata harshe daga ka'idodin bincike don autism, zamu iya kwatanta mutane tare da autism tare da ko ba tare da rashin fahimtar harshe ba, kamar yadda ya saba da ba su irin wannan ganewar. Hakazalika, DSM-IV tana hana co-diagnoses na ADHD da autism, ko na schizophrenia da autism. Amma mun san cewa waɗannan yanayi zasu iya faruwa, kuma DSM 5 zai ba da dama ga wannan ƙwarewa don ƙwarewa ga abin da ke faruwa ga mutum wanda aka ba shi kawai "rashin lafiya autistic"
Bugu da ƙari kuma, PDD-NOS ba shi da ka'idodin bincike, kamar yadda aka ƙaddara ne kawai don amfani dashi kawai ga yara waɗanda ba su dace da ka'idodin autism ko Asperger cuta ba. Saboda DSM-IV ba su da wata hanyar bincike ga yara tare da matsalolin sadarwar zamantakewa kawai, waɗannan yara ana ba da basirar PDD-NOS sau da yawa. Wannan ba daidai ba ne da ganewar cutar rashin lafiya, saboda ya ƙunshi wasu ci gaban ci gaban. Sabbin ka'idodin za su iya sake rarraba yara waɗanda ba su da iyakancewa ga sadarwar zamantakewa (da kuma wanda ba haka ba ne na bangaren autism), da sauransu, ta hanyar fadada shiga cikin tarin autism. Sabbin ka'idodin na iya samar da ƙarin ƙididdigar ƙwaƙwalwar sadarwar zamantakewar jama'a , kuma zai iya haifar da magani mafi dacewa.