ADI-R yana daya daga cikin muhimman gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani dasu don gano asalin autism.
Tambayar Intanit ta Autism-Revised, wanda aka fi sani da ADI-R, wani lamari ne na tambayoyin da ake gudanarwa ga iyaye na yara ƙanƙara tare da alamun alamar autism ko rashin lafiya autism. Tambayoyi ya kamata kimanin minti 90 ko don haka don gudanar da aikin.
Mene ne daidai da ADI-R?
A cewar shafin yanar gizo na Autism Genetic Research website (AGRE):
Tambayar ta ƙunshi abubuwa 93 da kuma mayar da hankali kan halaye a cikin yankuna uku ko yankuna: inganci na hulɗar zamantakewar jama'a (misali, raba tunanin juna, bada kyauta da kuma neman ta'aziyya, zamantakewar al'umma da amsawa ga sauran yara); sadarwa da kuma harshe (misali, maganganu na stereotyped, faɗakarwar magana, yin amfani da harshe); da kuma maimaitawa, ƙuntatawa da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi stereotyped (misali, damuwa da sababbin abubuwa, hannun hannu da yatsan hannu, abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci na asali). Gwargwadon ya haɗa da wasu abubuwa masu dacewa da shirin tsara maganin, kamar raunin kai da kuma aiki.
Tambayar ta tambayi tambayoyin musamman da takamaimai. Alal misali, ana tambayar iyaye game da kwarewar sadarwar yaro tare da ƙididdiga ta musamman akan batutuwa kamar su nunawa , ɗaukar hoto, da sauransu. Dukkanin maganganun da ba na magana ba tare da maganganu na zamantakewar al'umma suna sha, tare da la'akari da shekarun tarihin yaron.
Ana haifar da ƙananan abubuwa a wuraren sadarwa da harshe, hulɗar zamantakewa, da kuma ƙuntatawa ko kuma saiti. Matsayin da ya fi girma yana nuna jinkirin raya cigaba. A cewar AGRE:
Ana ba da jimawalin autism lokacin da yawancin bangarori uku na sadarwa, hulɗar zamantakewa, da kuma dabi'un halayen haɗuwa ko ƙetare cutoffs, da kuma farawar cutar ta bayyana ta tsawon watanni 36. ... Labaran cutoff ga sadarwa da yanki harshen shine 8 ga batutuwa masu magana da kuma 7 don batutuwa marasa bi. Ga dukkanin batutuwa, lalacewar yanki na zamantakewar zamantakewa shine 10, kuma cutoff don ƙuntatawa da sake saiti shine 3.
Wadanne Gwaje-gwajen da Ya kamata Ya Yi amfani da su don Tattaunawa Autism?
Tabbas, ADI-R bai kamata ya zama kayan aikin kayan aiki kawai wanda aka yi amfani dashi don gano asalin ilimin kimiyya ba - yana da matukar damuwa cewa gwani gwani ya gwada jariri a kanka. Gwaje-gwajen da ake amfani dasu don kimanta jinkirin da bayyanar cututtuka a cikin yara sun hada da ADOS Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale da Lissafin Lissafi na Autism A Toddlers (CHAT).
Tabbatacce, a gaskiya, mahimmin ganewar autism ya kamata ya ƙunshi mutum ɗaya amma ƙungiyar. Ya kamata membobin kungiyar su hada da dan jariri (wanda ya dace da mutum wanda ke da ƙwarewa a cikin ci gaban bunkasa), masanin ilimin psychologist , maganganun magana da magungunan harshe , da kuma magungunan sana'a t. Wadannan ƙwararrun na iya gudanar da jimlalin da za su binciki nau'ikan kalubale da kuma halayyar da za su nuna autism (kamar yadda ya saba da ko basa ga wasu, matsalolin da ke tattare da su kamar ADHD, Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙƙarwa, tashin hankali da zamantakewar jama'a, ko kuma sadarwar zamantakewa ).
Ta yaya za a kafa wani kimani na ɗanka
A mafi yawan lokuta, kuna da 'yan zaɓuɓɓuka don kimantawa. Kuna iya zaɓar farawa tare da dan jaririn, wanda zai iya bayar da shawara ga ɗakin koyon autism ko cibiyar inda za'a iya nazarin ɗanka.
Kuna iya zaɓar yin aiki ta wurin gundumar makaranta. Ana buƙatar gundumar don biya wasu kimantawa, kuma zai iya samar da masana likitoci marasa lafiya kamar mai magana da labarun harshe da likitancin likita don tantance ɗanku. Yana da mahimmanci ku tuna, cewa, ƙididdiga na zaman kanta na iya zama da amfani yayin da kuka fara aiki tare da makaranta don inganta tsarin ilimi da magani.
Resources:
S. Ozonoff, S., BL Goodlin-Jones, et al. "Tambayoyin shaida na autism na bambance-bambance a yara da matasa." Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 34 (3): 523-540, 2005.
Anne Le Couteur, Catherine Lord, Michael Rutter. Interview Interview (Autism Diagnostic Interview) (ADI-R) , Ayyukan Tarihin Yamma, 2003