Shin zai yiwu wani abu da ya ɗauki kawai sakanni zai iya kiyaye ka mafi lafiya wannan kakar? Haka dai, bisa ga Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC), Health Canada, da sauran hukumomin kiwon lafiya a duniya, wannan shine ainihin abin da kika samu na shekara-shekara. Kuma idan kun wuce shekaru 50, sun ce kuna bukatar wannan alurar riga kafi. Me ya sa?
Mutane da yawa fiye da 50 (musamman ma wadanda shekarun da suka wuce 65) suna dauke da hatsarin rikitarwa daga cutar , kamar yadda suke cikin wasu ƙananan kamfanoni kamar mata masu juna biyu, mutanen da ke da shekaru masu zaman kansu tare da yanayin kiwon lafiya kamar ciwon daji na yau da kullum cututtuka ( COPD ), cututtukan zuciya, ciwon sukari ko fuka, da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya.
Ana ganin maganin alurar rigakafin hanya mafi kyau da kuma mafi inganci don kare kanka-da waɗanda kuke tare da su-daga mura.
Mene ne Rashin Ƙari?
Rashin kamuwa, ko "mura" don takaice, yana da cututtukan numfashi na jini wanda ke haifar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suke yadawa a cikin iska yayin da wani ya sneezes ko tari, ko kuma ta hanyar hulɗa da wani abu da cutar ke ciki, kamar mabukaci ko waya. Kwayar cutar za ta iya tsira har tsawon sa'o'i a cikin iska, bisa ga Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙungiyar Aiki.
Duk da yake yana da sauƙi don kuskuren sanyi mai guba saboda mura, alamar alamar alamar taƙar mura ta kunshi zazzabi, ciwon kai, tari, da kuma ciwo mai tsanani. Babban gajiya, tare da gajiya mai tsanani har zuwa makonni uku, ma na kowa. Matsaloli irin su mashako da ciwon huhu iya haifar da asibiti ko ma mutuwa.
Mene ne Cutar Gurasar?
Kowace shekara ana yin sabon rigakafi ko harbi, bisa ga shawarwarin masu ilimin cutar annoba da sauran masana ilimin cutar daga CDC, Cibiyar Abinci da Drugura ta Amirka (FDA), Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), da sauransu.
Bayanan da aka samo daga dakunan dakunan gwajin fiye da 100, a cikin kasashe fiye da 100, ana nazari.
Kowace shekara, ƙungiyar duniya ta ƙayyade ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta guda uku wanda zai iya haifar da muradi a cikin shekara mai zuwa da kuma ruwan sanyi. Wani lokaci maganin ya hada da wannan cutar daga shekara ta baya; wasu lokuta an tsara maganin alurar rigakafi don yaki da sabon ƙwayoyin cuta.
Gwanin mura a kowace shekara zai dogara ne akan ko ƙwayar ƙwayoyin guda uku da aka zaba don maganin maganin ya fi dacewa da siffofin da suka fi yawa a cikin jama'a, da kuma shekaru da kuma lafiyar mutanen da suke harbi. Idan tsofaffi yana da rauni mai tsabta, kare su akan ƙwayoyin cutar ba zai zama mai karfi ba, ko dai.
Rashin barazana ga tsofaffi
Manya tsofaffi suna fama da rikitarwa masu kamuwa da cuta fiye da ƙananan yara, masu lafiya. CDC ta kiyasta cewa, a Amurka, mutane fiye da 65 na asusun na yawancin-kashi 90 zuwa dari-na mutu saboda mura. Fiye da rabi (kashi 60) na asibitoci don cutar shine marasa lafiya a cikin wannan shekara.
Duk da yake mutane da yawa na kowane zamani suna farkawa sosai daga mura, cutar tana da haɗari sosai ga wani wanda yake kula da cutar rashin lafiya. Alal misali, mura zai iya haifar da hare-haren ƙwayar asibiti , na iya haifar da wahalar numfashi a cikin wani wanda ke fama da cutar kututture ko ciwo na yanayin zuciya kamar ƙwayar zuciya .
Mafi yawan lokuta masu tsanani sun faru a cikin tsofaffi fiye da shekarun 65. Amma, Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka suna bayar da shawara ga wani mutum mai shekaru 50 ko fiye da wanda yake kulawa da mutum a cikin wannan shekara.
Yaya Yawan Rashin Kusa?
Mafi yawan annobar cutar ta faru tsakanin watan Nuwamba da Afrilu, tare da tasiri a cikin Janairu ko Fabrairu.
Flu Shot da Immunity
Da zarar ka sami fitilar mura, yana da kimanin makonni biyu don ya zama cikakkun tasiri. An riga an bada maganin rigakafi na shekara shekara saboda rigakafi ga ƙwayoyin cuta yana karuwa a tsawon lokaci kuma saboda sabon ƙwayoyin ƙwayar rigakafin za a iya zaɓa don zama wani ɓangare na kowace shekara.
Fluzone High-Dose
Wannan maganin alurar rigakafin cutar ta kunshi sau hudu antigen ko maganin alurar rigakafi na yau da kullum kuma yana samuwa ga mutanen da ke da shekaru 65. Yawancin kashi na gaba shine don ramawa ga maganin rigakafi da aka rage don maganin alurar riga kafi da tsawon lokaci na immunity bayan maganin alurar riga kafi, wanda ke biye da saurin shekaru.
A Amurka, kamfanonin inshora masu yawa suna rufe kudaden kamuwa. A Kanada, yankuna da yankuna sun ƙayyade ko za a ba da alurar riga kafi kyauta ga mazaunansu.
Sources:
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). Fayil na Jama'a.
http://www.cdc.gov/Features/FLU/
Flu - Get Shot. Cibiyar Nazarin {asashen Wajen NIH ta {asar Amirka, game da Farin Bayanai na Jama'a.
http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/publication/flu-get-shot
Cutar Abun Hoto & Girma. NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Fuskantar Bayani.
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/flu/understandingflu/Pages/sympComp.aspx
Tsofaffi da Flu Shot. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Amirka da Harkokin Kiyukan Dan Adam. Fayil na Jama'a.
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/65over.htm