Harkokin Cutar da Aka Yi da HIV da sauransu
Kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, cutar kwayar cutar dan adam (HIV) ta shafi tsarin rigakafi. Kwayar cutar HIV ta kai hari ga sel da ake kira CD4 masu tarin kwayoyin T. Yayin da waɗannan kwayoyin suka mutu, jiki ya zama mafi sauki ga cututtuka da cututtukan da mutane masu lafiya za su iya yin yaki.
Abin da wasu mutane basu sani shine cewa kwayar cutar HIV kanta zata iya haifar da matsala mai tsanani ba tare da wasu cututtuka ba.
Ɗaya daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine HIV-Associated Dementia (HAD) , wanda aka fi sani da cutar HIV ko ƙwaƙwalwar cutar ta AIDS.
Duk da yake ana tunanin cewa kawai ya faru ne a cikin ciwon ƙwayar cutar HIV, yanzu muna ganin wannan a cikin mutanen da suka kasance marasa lafiya a kan magunguna da kuma waɗanda suke da ƙimar CD4 masu daraja.
Magungunan Neurocognitive HIV-Associated
Irin nauyin rashin lafiya da ke tattare da cutar HIV yana wanzuwar nau'i. Lokacin da aka yi la'akari da juna, waɗannan nau'i-nau'i ne ake kira HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.
Sashin kwayar cutar Neurocognitive wanda ya fi kamu da kwayar cutar HIV ya zama mummunan ƙananan ƙarancin jiki, wanda wani ya yi rashin talauci a kan wani bangare na gwajin neuropsychological, amma ba a lura da rayuwarsu ba. Idan rayuwar mutum tana tasiri amma ba mahimmanci ba, wasu likitoci za su gwada marasa lafiya da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (MCMD).
Idan matsalar ta kasance mai ganowa a kan gwajin neuropsychological kuma tana da tasiri sosai a rayuwar yau da kullum, ana iya gane ganewar asirin HIV-Associated Dementia.
Alamun da ke da alaƙa da cutar ta HIV
Mutane da yawa sun ɗauka cewa HIV-Associated Dementia (HAD) zai kasance kamar misalin cututtuka irin su cutar Alzheimer.
Wannan ba yawanci batu. Yayinda ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar zata iya cutar kamar yadda zai iya a cikin cutar Alzheimer, mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV-Associated Dementia na iya samun matsala wajen saka hankali ko kula da hankali, wanda ba'a gani a kullum a cikin cutar Alzheimer. Mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar ta HIV suna da hankali fiye da yadda zasu zama, ba kawai a tunani ba, amma sau da yawa a motsi. Ta wannan hanyar, cutar da cutar ta HIV ta iya haifar da ciwon cututtuka na Parkinson (PDD).
Mutanen da ke tare da HAD suna iya canzawa a yanayin su kamar rashin tausayi, inda basu da dalili don yin komai. Yayin da cutar ta ci gaba, za su iya zama mafi banƙyama, kuma kimanin kashi 5 zuwa 8 na ci gaba da cutar kanjamau tare da abubuwa masu kwakwalwa irin su paranoia da hallucinations.
Dalilin HAND
Kwayar cutar ta HIV ta shiga cikin jiki mai tsanani (CNS) ba da daɗewa ba bayan kamuwa ta farko. Kodayake kwakwalwa ta kiyaye shi ta jerin nau'in takalma da aka sani da ƙwayar cutar kwakwalwar jini , wasu ƙwayoyin cuta marasa ƙarfi, kamar macrophages , zasu iya shiga. Wannan ya sa wani mataki na ji. Yawancin lokaci, waɗannan kwayoyin suna amfani da su don yaki da kamuwa da cuta. A cikin kwayar cutar HIV, duk da haka, kwayoyin suna ɗauke da kamuwa da cuta. Yana da kamar kamar gyare-gyare kamar tsaro don ya shiga cikin kagara.
Da zarar a cikin kwakwalwa, kwayar cutar ba ta shigar da kwayoyin jikinsu ba amma tana lalata su ta hanyar kai tsaye ta hanyar haifar da martani.
Dalili na Hadarin ga HAD
Babban magungunan haɓaka ga HAD sun hada da rashin kulawa da magungunan rigakafi da kuma kayan aikin hoto . Tsawon lokacin da wani ya kamu da kwayar cutar HIV ba shi da mahimmanci fiye da yadda adadin CD4 ya ba su.
Binciken HAD
Saboda cutar HIV ta sa mutane su shiga wasu matsalolin da zasu iya haifar da canje-canje na zuciya, irin su cututtuka da cututtuka, an yi nazari sosai idan wani da ke dauke da HIV yana canji a yadda suke tunani.
Wannan gaskiya ne idan wani ya ci gaba da sauri. Mafi yawan damuwa suna jinkirin, kuma hanya mai sauri zai iya nuna cewa akwai matsala daban-daban, ko kuma cewa cutar HIV tana fita daga cikin iko.
Ayyukan maganin cutar kanjamau ya kamata ya hada da MRI na kwakwalwa don neman alamun kamuwa da cuta ko ciwon daji. Jigilar cutar ta HIV kanta tana haifar da canje-canje a cikin hoto na kwakwalwa ta MRI. Zaka iya nuna kwakwalwa ya zama mai raguwa, kuma akwai ƙarin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i na launin fata, waxanda suke da zane mai haske a inda basu kasancewa ba.
Jiyya na HAD
Kamar sauran siffofin lalata, ba a bayyana abin da, idan akwai wani, jiyya zai iya taimaka wa wani da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV-Associated Dementia. Daya daga cikin magunguna da aka yi amfani dashi a cikin cutar Alzheimer, Memantine, an tabbatar da cewa ba zai taimaka ba, kuma babu wata dalili da za ta gaskata cewa wasu magunguna da aka yi amfani da Alzheimer za su kasance da amfani.
Kyakkyawan kulawa da maganin rigakafi an haɗa shi da ƙananan haɗari na HAD, amma ba ku san ko ƙara ko canza magunguna a wani tare da HAD ba na amfani. A cikin binciken daya, canza magungunan rigakafi da gaske ya sa mutane suka fi muni. Duk da haka, idan wani yana da mahimmanci game da HIV / Associated Dementia, mutane da yawa za su canza magunguna, musamman idan magunguna masu haƙuri sun kasance ba a san su ba saboda shiga cikin tsarin kulawa na tsakiya (CNS). Magunguna irin su tenofovir, zalcitabine, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir da enfuviritide duk an nuna su da kyau shiga cikin CNS, kodayake taimakon wannan shiga ya kasance a cikin tambaya, kuma zai iya haifar da mummunar cutar fiye da kyau.
Wasu mutane suna amfani da methylphenidate (Ritalin) don taimakawa tare da halayyar hankali. Bugu da ƙari, yin shawarwari, tunani da kuma aikin jiki.
Cutar cutar HIV tana da babbar matsala, kuma rashin alheri, har yanzu ba mu sani ba game da shi. Ba kamar sauran ƙwayoyin cuta ba, mutanen da ke dauke da ciwon ta HIV suna yin tasiri a wasu lokuta, don haka yana da muhimmanci muyi magana akan wadannan cututtuka tare da likitan likita.
Sources:
Antinori A, Arendt G, Becker JT, et al. Binciken binciken binciken da aka yi game da kwayoyin cutar HIV. Kwararru na 2007; 69: 1789.
Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da bincike na binciken bincike game da bayyanar cututtuka na kwayar cuta na mutum-type 1 (HIV-1). Rahoton Ƙungiyar Gudanar da Ƙungiyar Cibiyar Harkokin Kwayoyin cutar Kanjamau ta Amirka. Binciken Halitta 1991; 41: 778.
Farashin RW. Matsalar rashin lafiya na cutar HIV. Lancet 1996; 348: 445.