Toxoplasmosis (wanda aka fi sani da "toxo") a cikin cututtukan da cutar ta haifar da kwayar cutar guda daya da ake kira Toxoplasma gondii. A mafi yawancin lokuta, kamuwa da cuta mai sauƙi zai kasance mai sauƙi kuma warware kansa ba tare da magani ba. Idan ana buƙatar magani, zai kasance daya daga cikin kwayoyin cutar ko kwayoyin antimalarial iya magance kamuwa da cuta.
Duk da haka, a lokacin daukar ciki ko a cikin mutane da ke da tsarin sulhu , za a iya buƙatar yin magani mai tsanani don kare ko kuma hana rigakafi da kuma kauce wa matsalolin kamuwa da cuta. Wannan hakika gaskiya ne a lokuta na kamuwa da cutar HIV.
M jiyya
A cikin mutane tare da tsari na yau da kullum , har zuwa 90 bisa dari na kwayoyin cutar T. gondii ba za su sami alamun bayyanar ba. Wadanda suke yin zasu zama sauƙi da sauƙin kuskure ga cutar, ko da likita. A yayin da aka gano likita, likita zai bayar da shawarar kwanciyar gado kuma watakila mai saurin maganin jin dadi (OTC) kamar Tylenol (acetaminophen) ko Advil (ibuprofen).
Ana ba da shawarar rigakafi sosai ga mutanen da ke dauke da tsarin da ba su da kariya ba tare da kariya ba. Wadannan sun hada da mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV gaba daya amma har ila yau zasu iya haɗawa da masu karɓar kayan jiki da mutanen da ke shan maganin cutar kanjamau (dukansu biyu suna shan maganin maganin cututtuka).
Shawarar da aka ba da shawarar
Don magance wani kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, likitoci za su rubuta maganin rigakafi da sauran magunguna da zasu iya kawar da kamuwa da cuta kuma su hana cutar daga ci gaba. Mafi magungunan likita sun hada da:
- Pyrimethamine, magungunan maganin antimalarial yayi la'akari da mafi mahimmanci a cikin zaluntar kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani
- Sulfadiazine, likitan maganin kwayoyi da ake amfani dashi tare da pyrimethamine
- Clindamycin, wasu kwayoyin da ake amfani dasu tare da pyrimethamine
- Minocycline, kwayoyin amfani ne kawai idan mutum yana da tsayayya ga sulfadiazine da clindamycin
- Folinic acid amfani da shi azaman ƙarin don rage haɗarin thrombocytopenia (lowletslets)
Hanya na mako shida zai ƙunshi kwayar cuta na kullum na pyrimethamine, jinsin yau da kullum na kwayoyin da aka zaba, da kuma yawan kowace rana na folinic acid. Don hana sake komawa, za a dauki magungunan maganin magunguna da sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) sau ɗaya kowace rana don makonni hudu.
Jiyya a ciki
Tsara ta T. gondii daga uwarsa zuwa yaro yana da wuya sai dai idan mahaifiyar tana da kwayar cutar HIV kuma tana da mummunar rashin daidaito. Daga cikin waɗannan uwaye, an umarce su da magani don hana ƙwayar cutar tayi.
Masana kimiyya ba su da wani mahimmanci game da iyaye mata da aiki na yau da kullum. Yayinda kamuwa da cutar ta faru, to amma har yanzu akwai damuwa da yawa game da yadda tasirin maganin rigakafi ke hana maganin, musamman tun da yake yana da wuyar ganewa toxoplasmosis a lokacin daukar ciki.
Don haka, ya kamata a nemi mahimmin kulawa idan kana da ciki kuma suna fuskantar haɗarin toxoplasmosis.
Jiyya yana yawanci wajabta kamar haka:
- Idan wani kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani ya auku a farkon farkon watanni uku, za'a yi wa spiramycin takaddama daga lokacin ganewar asali zuwa lokacin aikawa.
- Bayan da aka fara tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar ta tayi (pyramethamine, sulfadiazine), da kuma folinic acid za'a iya amfani dasu daga ganewar asali zuwa bayarwa.
Bayanan lafiyar yara
Ana ba da shawarar sosai ga magani ga jarirai wanda aka gano mamacin cutar HIV tare da T. gondii a lokacin daukar ciki. Wannan gaskiya ne ko iyayen suna da alamun cututtuka ko ba a ba su magani ba. Tsawancin magani (pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, da acid folinic) zai iya bambanta amma zai iya zama na tsawon watanni 12.
Idan jaririn ko jariri an gano shi tare da toxoplasmosis da HIV, TMP-SMX za a tsara shi tare da cutar HIV . Za a yi amfani da TMP-SMX don hana ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na toxoplasmic (matsananciyar wahala na toxoplasmosis) kuma ya ci gaba har sai lokacin da kwayoyin cutar HIV ke iya daidaita tsarin tsarin jaririn.
A yayin da aka samu kwakwalwan ƙwayar cuta, za a ba da corticosteroids don rage ƙushin ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa. Ana iya amfani da magungunan anticonvulsive don hana haɗuwa .
Jiyya a Mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV
Toxoplasmosis a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV na iya haifar da mummunar haɗari, da kuma barazana ga rayuwa, cututtukan da ke shafi kwakwalwa, idanu, da huhu. A mafi yawancin lokuta, cutar za ta haifar da sake dawowa da kamuwa da cutar ta baya fiye da sabon abu.
Idan ba tare da kariya ba don magance kamuwa da cuta, mutum zai iya shiga cikin rashin lafiya sau da yawa sai dai idan an dauki matakan gaggawa don mayar da aikin rigakafi, a kawar da kwayar cutar T. gondii , da kuma magance cutar.
Magungunan maganin rigakafi
Toxoplasmosis a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV ana daukar su a matsayin mai dacewa saboda abin da zai iya haifar da cutar lokacin da tsarin rigakafi ya yi rauni sosai don dakatar da shi.
A karshen wannan, hanyar da za ta sake dawowa daga toxoplasmosis shine a sake mayar da kariya ga jiki. Magungunan rigakafi sunyi wannan ta hanyar tsangwama tare da iyawar HIV na iya canzawa. Yayinda basu iya warkar da cutar ba, suna ci gaba da yawan yawan mutane masu yawan gaske kamar yadda ya kamata don haka ba zai iya kamawa ba kuma ya kashe kwayoyin jikinsu wanda aka kare don kare mu.
Yawancin da aka tsara a cikin hade da kwayoyi uku , maganin rigakafi na iya mayar da aikin rigakafi har ma da marasa lafiya, sau da yawa a cikin 'yan watanni. Za a ci gaba da jiyya don rayuwa da kuma hada da likita na yau da kullum don duba matsayinka na rigakafi da kuma bincika yiwuwar sakamako.
Ciwon asibiti
A lura da wani reactivated T. gondii kamuwa da cuta ne kama da cewa na wani m kamuwa da cuta kuma zai iya hada da:
- Pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, da kuma folinic acid
- Pyrimethamine, clindamycin, da kuma folinic acid
- Atovaquone (mai yiwuwar antifungal) amfani da shi tare da pyrimethamine da kuma folinic acid
- Azithromycin (wasu kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta), pyrimethamine, da kuma folinic acid
- Atovaquone da sulfadiazine
Da zarar an bar kamuwa da cutar, TMP-SMX za a umarce shi don hana komawa kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da magungunan antiretroviral zasu iya mayar da aikin aikin rigakafi.
Yin maganin matsalolin cututtuka
Abubuwa uku da suka fi dacewa da toxoplasmosis a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV sune kwayoyin cutar toxoplasmosis (shafi idanunsu), CNS toxoplasmosis (shafi kwakwalwa da kuma juyayi tsarin), da kuma toxoplasmosis na huhu. Yin jiyya ga kowanne zai jagorancin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka da kuma yanayin kiwon lafiyar mutum.
Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don maganin toxoplasmosis zai iya haɗawa da:
- Corticosteroids na jiki don taimakawa wajen ƙone kumburi
- Injections na corticosteroids da clindamycin cikin ido
- Tsarin hannu na clindamycin pellets cikin ido
Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don CNS toxoplasmosis na iya hada da:
- Corticosteroids na jiki don rage ƙusar ƙwayar kwakwalwa da kuma tsarin tsakiya na tsakiya (CNS)
- Magungunan Anticonvulsive don magance farauta
Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don toxoplasmosis na huhu sun haɗa da:
- Corticosteroids na jiki don rage ƙumburi
- TMX-SMP don kula da kamuwa da cutar pneumocystis na huhu
Prophylactic Kwayar cuta
Idan kana dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, kwayoyi na kwayoyi (m) za a iya tsarawa idan an daidaita tsarinka na rigakafi.
Wannan zai iya ƙayyadadden ƙimar CD4 naka wadda ke auna yawan adadin jinin T4 na CD4 naka. A cikin mutum mai lafiya, yawan CD4 zai kasance tsakanin 800 da 1,500. A cikin mutanen da ke da tsarin da ba su dace ba, wannan lambar zai sauke a kasa 200.
Don hana toxoplasmosis, TMP-SMX za a ba da umurni a kowace rana kamar yadda ƙididdigar CD4 ta fuskanci "hadarin hatsari" na 100. Tare da magunguna na maganin rigakafi, za ku ci gaba da ɗaukar TMP-SMX har sai lokacin da CD4 ya kasance a sama 200 kuma yana iya zama a can. Hakanan zaka iya dakatar da kwayoyin halitta kuma ci gaba da daukar kwayar cutar HIV.
Kayayyakin Rigakafin
Idan kun kasance ciki ko kuma yana da tsarin da ba shi da lafiya, za ku buƙaci kuyi matakai don kaucewa daukan hoto ga T. gondii a rayuwar ku. Wadannan kariya za su iya kare ka daga toxoplasmosis mafi kyau fiye da dukkanin jiyya a duniya.
Wasu daga cikin matakan da suka fi dacewa sun hada da:
- Yarda ɗayan safofin hannu a lokacin tsaftacewa a cikin ɗakin ajiyar cat ko, mafi kyau duk da haka, tare da wani ya yi shi
- Gudun safofin hannu lokacin da kake aikin lambu
- Dafa nama, kaji, da kifi da kyau
- Kwafa da wanke kayan lambu ko 'ya'yan itatuwa da ke fitowa daga gonar lambu ko manomi
- Ana iya wanke katako, wukake, ko saman nama na nama mai yiwuwa ya hadu da
- Yin watsi da ruwa marar kyau na kowane irin
- Tsayar da cat cikin gida
- Ciyar da cat kawai gwangwani ko kayan abinci mai sauƙi da kuma guje wa hatsi ko kayan cin nama
- Rufe ɗakin sandbox dinku
- Wanke hannuwanku sosai da ruwan zafi da sabulu bayan girbi, yin wasa tare da cat, shirya abinci, ko tsabtataccen sandbox
- Koyarwa 'ya'yanku dacewa da basirar hannu
> Sources:
> Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka. "Balanci - Toxoplasmosis (Ciwon Toxoplasma): Rigakafin da Gudanarwa." Atlanta, Jojiya; sabunta Janairu 10, 2013.
> Lee, S. da kuma Lee. T. "Tashin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin haƙuri tare da ciwon rashin lafiya na rashin lafiya" . 2017; 5 (1): 34-36. DOI: 10.1479 / btrt.2017.5.1.34.
> Park, Y. da Nam. H. "Ayyukan Harkokin Bidiyo da Kula da Ingancin Toxoplasmosis." Korean J Parasitol. 2013; 51 (4): 393-399. DOI: 10.3357 / kjp.2013.51.4.393.
> Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam. "Sharuɗɗa don Rigakafin da magance cututtuka da dama a cikin kwayar cutar HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents." AIDSInfo. Rockville, Maryland; sabunta Oktoba 28, 2015.