Arthritis Za A iya Sakamako Lokacin da Rashin Jirgin Kan Kayan Gudanarwar Kira
Menene Tsarin Rashin Gida?
Tsarin na rigakafi shine cibiyar sadarwa mai rikitarwa na sel, kyallen takalma, da kuma gabobin da ke aiki tare don kare jiki daga masu haɗari. Mahimmanci, ƙananan mahaukaci sune kwayoyin halitta wanda zai iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta (kwayoyin cuta, parasites, ko fungi). Tsarin na rigakafi yana aiki don kare masu fita daga cikin jiki, ko kuma idan sun shiga jiki, don gano su kuma hallaka su.
Ta Yaya Ayyukan Tsarin Kasuwanci?
Tsarin tsarin na sarrafawa yana aiki ne kamar tsarin sadarwa na sophisticated. Lokacin da mahaukaci na kasashen waje ya shiga cikin jiki, ana sanar da tsarin rigakafi. A wannan batu, an kunna sassan jiki na rigakafi kuma suna fara samar da sunadarai mai karfi. Kwayoyin sel ba tare da haɗuwa ta hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar kai tsaye ba ko kuma zasu iya sadarwa ta hanyar sakewa manzannin sunadarai.
Fatar jiki yana aiki ne a matsayin shinge na farko don mamaye kwayoyin. Masu haɗuwa zasu iya samun shigarwa ta hanyar cututtuka ko fashewa a fata, ko da yake. Har ila yau, magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta da na numfashi na iya zama wuraren shiga ga masu haɗari na kasashen waje amma su, ma, suna da ikon kansu don kare su daga masu mamayewa (misali, ƙuƙwalwa cikin hanci, tari ko kuma tsoma baki don ci gaba da kaiwa daga hanci da huhu, ruwa mai ciki lalata masu haɗari a cikin ƙugi). Idan ƙwayoyin microbes su shiga wadannan shingen farko, to dole ne suyi ta ta hanyar ganuwar sassan jiki na narkewa, na numfashi, ko hanyoyin urogenital don kaiwa kwayoyin halitta.
Anyi amfani da sassan a jikin sel wanda aka rufe a cikin wani ma'auni na ƙuduri don taimakawa wajen hana sakon mamaye zuwa cikin zurfin tantanin halitta.
Tsarin mucosal yana kare IgA, sau da yawa farkon nau'in antibody ya sadu da kwayar cutar. A ƙarƙashin ɗakunan daji, wasu nau'o'in kwayoyin halitta, ciki har da macrophages, sassan B, da kuma T, jira don masu haɗari wanda zasu iya wuce bayanan da suke a saman.
Da zarar ya wuce filin, masu mamaye dole ne su wuce kariya na kariya daga tsarin kwayoyin halitta (magungunan bala'i, kullun halitta T, da kuma karawa). Idan masu haɗari sun sace su gaba ɗaya, sun hadu tare da makamai masu mahimmanci na tsarin maganin rigakafi, da magunguna da kwayoyin T waɗanda ke da masu karɓa waɗanda ke jagorantar su zuwa makircinsu.
Mene ne Matsayi na Rashin Ƙwayoyin Cell?
Tsarin na rigakafi yana da ƙungiyar sel a cikin shirye (ciki har da lymphocytes da phagocytes). Yayinda wasu kwayoyin rigakafi suka kai hari ga dukan masu haɗari, wasu suna horar da su don amsawa da takamaimai kawai. Dukkanin kwayoyin jikinsu suna samuwa ne daga kwayoyin kwayoyin ba a cikin kasusuwan kasusuwa. Kwayoyin da ba su da tsabta, saboda amsawar sassan cytokine da sauran siginonin sinadarai, sun kasance cikin ƙwayoyin cell kwayoyi masu mahimmanci (T, cell B, ko phagocytes).
Kwayoyin B da T ana da nau'i na lymphocytes. B suna ɓoye kwayoyin cuta a jikin ruwan jikin. Kwayoyin rigakafi sun kai farmaki ga 'yan kasashen waje (kamar antigens) da aka gano ana rarraba a cikin ruwaye amma kwayoyin ba su iya shiga cikin kwayoyin halitta ba. Tarin ƙwayoyin T, a gefe guda, suna da masu kama da masu kama da kwayoyin halitta a kan fuskar su waɗanda suke gane ɓangaren antigens akan kamuwa da kwayar cutar.
Kwayoyin T za su iya jagorantar da kuma tsara maganganun rigakafi, ko kuma za su iya kai tsaye ga kamuwa da cutar ko kuma kwayoyin cutar.
Fannun furanni sune manyan kullun Kwayoyin da ke cinye masu haɗuwar kasashen waje ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin waje. Monocytes ne nau'i na phagocyte wanda ke gudana cikin jini. Lokacin da monocytes suyi tafiya cikin kyallen takarda, sai su juya cikin macrophages. A matsayin macrophages, suna iya kawar da jikin tsofaffin kwayoyin halitta da tarkace. Macrophages kuma iya nuna bits na antigen kasashen waje don jawo hankulan lymphocytes. Suna kuma samar da siginar sinadaran da suke da muhimmanci ga amsawar da ba a yi ba. Granulocytes, kwayoyin mast, plalets, da kuma kwayoyin dendritic suna da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin amsawa na rigakafi.
Kwayoyin tsarin jiki ba tare da haɗuwa da amsawa ga manzannin sunadarai, wanda ake kira cytokines . Cytokines, wadanda suka hada da interleukins, interferons, da kuma abubuwan ci gaba, sunadaran sunadarai wadanda suke karewa daga kwayoyin halitta don yin aiki a kan wasu kwayoyin halitta, suna samar da amsa galiba ga magungunan kasashen waje.
Immunity Ya Kamata Kare Tsaro Mai Kyau
Duk da yake mun bayyana yadda amsar da ba ta dace ba ta kare mu daga magungunan kasashen waje da kuma sakamakon rashin lafiya, rashin haƙuri na da muhimmanci wajen hana rashin lafiya. Rashin rashin haƙuri ya bayyana yadda ƙwayoyin T ko B sun watsar da jikin ta jiki yayin da ke neman masu haɗari na kasashen waje. Rashin jima'i yana da mahimmanci don hana tsarin rigakafi daga kaiwa jikin jikin jikin.
Lokacin da tsarin jiki na jiki ya kasa yin aiki yadda ya kamata, jiki yana samar da kwayoyin T da kwayoyin cutar da aka umarce su da antigens a cikin jikinsa da kyallen takalma, a wasu kalmomi, kan kansa. Lokacin da wannan ya auku, kwayoyin lafiya da kyallen takalma sun lalace, kuma cututtuka na autoimmune zasu iya ci gaba. Rheumatoid arthritis da lupus su ne misalai na cututtuka na asibiti . Baya ga halayen motsa jiki, tsarin na rigakafi na iya zama alhakin rashin lafiyar cuta, yana fama da cuta mai rikitarwa, kuma yana fama da matsalar rashin ƙarfi.
Sources:
Tsarin Rashin Jima'i. Cibiyar Allergy da cututtuka ta kasa ta kasa. Disamba 19, 2011.
Magungunan kwayoyin halitta da salon salula na Immunity da cututtuka na Immunological. Mahimmanci a kan cututtuka na Rheumatic. Klippel J. Shafukan 94-97. An wallafa ta asusun Arthritis. Thirteeth Edition.