Ta yaya kuma me yasa Asbestos mai hadari?
Sau da yawa mun ji cewa asbestos yana da haɗari, amma menene wannan yake nufi? Wadanne yanayin kiwon lafiya ne ke haifarwa ta hanyar daukan hotuna, kuma yaya yaduwar da ake bukata don asbestos ya zama haɗari?
Me yasa Asbestos ya hadari?
Bayyanawa zuwa asbestos ƙura da fiber na iya haifar da ciwon daji, cutar huhu, da sauran yanayi. Abin takaici, babu wani sanannen yadawa wanda aka dauka lafiya.
Yayin da aka dakatar da amfani da asbestos a Amurka, har yanzu ana iya yin amfani da ita har yanzu akwai ƙananan bango, kuma asbestos har yanzu yana a cikin manyan gine-gine da gidajensu. A gaskiya, yanayin kiwon lafiyar asbestos yana ci gaba da karuwa a dukan duniya. Mutane mafi yawan hatsari sun hada da waɗanda aka fallasa a kan aikin, amma wadanda suka yanke shawara su dauki ayyukan kansu-da-kanka a gidajen da ke dauke da asbestos rufi na iya kasancewa cikin haɗari.
Kafin ka kwatanta yanayin kiwon lafiyar asbestos, bari mu ayyana wasu kalmomi. Maganin su ne membranes da suke kewaye da su kuma suna kare laka. Wani lokaci wanda ake magana da ita shi ne mesothelium . Macijin din shine murfin da ke kewaye da gabobin a cikin kirji da ciki kuma an raba zuwa kashi 3. Addu'ar (wanda ke kewaye da huhu kamar yadda aka gani a sama,) da pericardium (wanda ke kewaye da zuciya,) da kuma peritoneal mesothelium (nau'in karewa dake kewaye da gabobin a cikin ciki.)
Cancers Caused by Asbestos Exposure
Masu gwagwarmaya sunyi aiki mai kyau wajen samar da jama'a da masu tsara manufofi game da hadarin irin wannan ciwon daji na huhu - mesothelioma - wanda aka haifar da asbestos daukan hotuna. Ga wadanda suka yi tambaya ko kokarin da suke yi don tayar da muryar su da kuma neman canji lokacin da lafiyar su ke fuskantar hadarin, wannan misali ne mai kyau na yadda mutane zasu iya haifar da bambanci.
An tattauna game da bambancin fiber da siffofin da ke tattare da hadari daban-daban, amma don manufar wannan tattaunawa za mu dubi hoto na gaba. Magunguna da aka sa ko zaton za a haifar da asbestos sun hada da:
- Masiyothelioma mummunan - Mesothelioma shine ciwon daji wanda zai fara a cikin wani yankunan da aka gano kamar yadda aka gani a sama, amma yawanci yana faruwa a cikin roka (membranes a kusa da huhu.) Yana da ciwon daji, tare da kashi 5 zuwa 10 kawai na mutane tsira shekaru 5 ba tare da ganewar asali ba.
- Kwayar huhu - Lung cancers da sauran mesothelioma kuma karu da daukan hotuna. Dukkan marasa ciwon huhu da kwayar cutar ciwon huhu da ƙananan ciwon ƙwayar cutar kwayar cutar suna karuwa.
- Ogancin ciwon daji - Kadan da aka sani shine ƙara yawan ciwon daji na ovarian . A cikin nazari na binciken har zuwa yau, an yi zaton cewa labarun da ake yi a asbestos ya kara yawan ciwon daji na ovarian da ke cikin kashi 70 cikin dari .
- Sauran cututtuka - Nazarin ya zuwa yanzu an hade shi, kuma bai tabbatar da cewa ko bayyanar asbestos ya kara haɓakar cutar ciwon laryngeal (ciwon daji na tsoho ba,) ko ciwon daji.
Harkokin Kiwon Lafiya na Asbestos Exposure
Kadan da aka sani, amma matsala mafi girma shine cutar kututtukan da ke da dangantaka da asbestos.
Wasu daga cikin waɗannan yanayi sun haɗa da:
- Asbestosis - Asbestosis wani yanayin ne wanda fibrosis (maganin) ya faru saboda asbestos daukan hotuna. Wannan yanayin, ban da haddasa bayyanar cututtuka a kansa, kara kara haɓakar cutar ciwon huhu. An tattauna wannan a kasa a kasa a karkashin "wane matakin yadawa mai hatsari."
- Pleural plaques.
- Pleural thickening.
- Abubuwan da suka shafi kullun - Wasu mutanen da aka fallasa su asbestos suna inganta haɓakar ruwa a tsakanin membranes wanda ke cikin huhu. An kira wannan labaran da ake kira "BAPEs" na asbestos.
Wane matakin yuwuwar yana da haɗari?
Tambayar tambaya ita ce, "Yaya yawancin asbestos nake bukata a bayyana su zama hadari?" Amsar ita ce babu matakin matakin asbestos wanda yake lafiya.
Amma ƙananan bincike sun taimaka wajen amsa tambayoyin a wannan tambayar.
Ɗaya daga cikin binciken da aka yi yana kallon farko ga mutanen dake da asbestosis. Wannan babban bincike ne wanda ya kwatanta kimanin kusan 2400 'yan mata maza (wanda aka bayyana su zuwa asbestos,) zuwa rukuni na sama da 54,000 wadanda ba su da irin wannan tasiri. Bugu da ƙari, cutar kanjamau na da alhakin mutuwar kashi 19 cikin dari na masu tayar da hankali (kamar yadda 1 cikin 14 suka mutu daga ciwon huhu na huhu). Rashin mutuwa ya bambanta da yawa dangane da ɗaukar hoto kawai, ci gaba da asbestosis, da kuma haɗarin haɗari factor na shan taba, kuma tun da tebur yana da daraja dubu kalmomi, sakamakon haka ne kamar haka:
- Asbestos yana nunawa a cikin wadanda basu taba shan taba - Akwai lokuta sau 3,6 da yawa na cutar kanjamau.
- Asbestosis a cikin marasa shan taba - Rashin haɗari ya kasance sau 7.4 na yawan jama'a.
- Shan taba ba tare da asbestos daukan hotuna - Wannan hadarin ciwon daji na huhu a wadanda suke shan taba shine sau 10.3 na yawan jama'a a wannan binciken.
- Asbestos daukan hotuna tare da shan taba - Nuni ga asbestos hade tare da shan taba ya sa yiwuwar ciwon huhu na huhu 14.4 sau da talakawan.
- Asbestos daukan hotuna, asbestosis, tare da shan taba - Idan mutanen da aka fallasa su asbestos, bunkasa asbestosis, tare da kyafaffen, sakamakon shi ne kabari. Rashin ciwon daji na huhu shi ne sau 36,8 fiye da yawan jama'a.
Zamu iya kallon asbestos a cikin wata hanya don samun babban hoton da kuma kara fadada matsala ga wadanda ke cikin masana'antu. An kiyasta cewa nau'i 170 na samar da cinyewar asbestos sun hada da mutuwar guda daga mesothelioma.
Tambaya mai muhimmanci shine yadda muhimmancin lokacin daukan hotuna - a wasu kalmomi, shin wadanda wadanda aka fallasa su na tsawon shekaru 30 sun kamu da su fiye da wadanda aka bayyana har shekaru biyar? Ba mu da nazarin da ke nuna ainihin hadarin a lokaci, amma mai yiwuwa akwai wanda ya fallasa, yafi yawan hadarin cututtukan asbestos. Wannan ya ce, akwai wasu mutanen da suka ci gaba da ciwon mesothelioma tare da lokaci mai ɗaukar hotuna kawai 'yan kwanaki.
Yaya Asbestos Dan Danadi?
Ta yaya asbestos ta lalata jiki yana iya haɗuwa da nau'in fiber da girman, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, da kuma kwayoyin halitta. Wasu 'yan ra'ayoyin sun fito. A daya, ana tunanin cewa filastar asbestos na iya haifar da mummunan tasiri a jikin kwayoyin da ke ɗaukar huhu, haifar da ƙonewa wanda ke haifar da yaduwa. Wani ɓangare na lalacewa na iya danganta da yadda jikin ya ke kasancewa a gaban asbestos fibers, yayin da jikin ya ɓoye abubuwa masu kumburi irin su cytokines da abubuwan ci gaba don mayar da martani ga kayan waje. Sabuwar shaida yana nuna cewa kasancewar asbestos yana haifar da lalata DNA a jikin kwayoyin halitta, wanda hakan zai iya haifar da rashin ciwon daji da ciwon daji.
Asbestos Tsaro da Kariya
Hanya mafi kyau don kauce wa matsalolin kiwon lafiyar asbestos shine yin aiki na farko lafiya. Menene ma'anar wannan?
Ga ma'aikatan da aka nuna wa asbestos, akwai dokoki don kare kanka. Yi iyali tare da tsare-tsaren tsaro, kazalika da hakkinka a matsayin ma'aikaci. Ga wasu matakai don farawa:
- Daga Hukumar Kariya ta Yankin Muhalli: Kare Kalma daga Asbestos
- Daga Tsarin Tsaro da Kula da Lafiya: OSHA Asbestos Fact Sheet
Ga wadanda ke damuwa game da asbestos a gidajensu , ko kuma wadanda ke la'akari da aikin gyaran gida, Kamfanin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci yana ba da bayani kan inda aka samo shi, menene ya kamata a yi game da asbestos a gidanka, da kuma yadda za a magance matsalolin asbestos a cikin wannan labarin:
- Asbestos a cikin Home
Menene Za Ka Yi Idan An Bayyana Ka?
Babu halin yanzu gwajin gwajin cutar shan kwari wanda aka ba da shawara ga mutanen da aka fallasa su a asbestos, kamar yadda akwai masu shan taba, amma yana da kyau magana da likitan ku. Wani binciken da aka yi a 2007 ya nuna cewa samfurin CT na takaice don ma'aikatan asbestos na iya zama akalla don amfani a gano kwayar cutar kanjamau a farkon matakai kamar yadda masu shan taba masu nauyi suke . Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa bayanan da aka samu a shekarar 2013 ya gano cewa nunawa mutane tare da tarihin shan taba na shekaru 30 da ke tsakanin shekarun 55 zuwa 74 na iya rage cutar kanjamau ta hanyar kashi 20 cikin 100 . Tabbas, idan kun kasance mahaukaci ba tare da nunawa ga asbestos ba, zance da likitan ku na da kyau.
Wani bincike na shekara ta 2017 ya gano cewa zane-zane na iya zama kyakkyawan kayan aiki don nunawa ga ciwon daji na huhu a cikin waɗanda aka fallasa su zuwa asbestos. A gaskiya ma, bisa ga sakamakon binciken, masu bincike sun bada shawarar cewa duk wanda aka fallasa zuwa asbestos ya kamata ya yi nazarin rubutun ra'ayin saƙo kuma ya sake maimaita shi a cikin shekaru uku.
Cibiyar Magunguna da Ciwon Magunguna (ATSDR) ta ci gaba da jagorancin jagorancin maganin cututtukan asbestos ciki har da ciwon daji da kuma yanayin huhu. Wadannan jagororin sun ba da shawara cewa ka ga likita wanda ya saba da cutar asbestos . (Ba zan iya jaddada yadda wannan mahimmanci yake ba kamar yadda wasu likitoci suke aiki tare da mutanen da ke nunawa asbestos.) Wani matsala tare da wadanda aka ba da shaida ga asbestos shine CT ta nuna yawancin gwajin "gwagwarmaya" - ma'anar cewa wani abu zai iya zama abu maras kyau lokacin da yake da kyau. Alal misali, a cikin binciken daya, fiye da rabin ma'aikatan asbestos suna da kisa guda daya da aka gani a kan CT scan.
Bugu da ƙari ga nunawa, spirometry, da kare kariya, watakila abu mafi mahimmanci mutum zai iya yi shi ne guje wa shan taba. Haka kuma akwai wasu abubuwa da za ku iya yi wanda zai iya rage haɗarinku. Idan kana da damuwa, tabbatar da duba wadannan.
> Sources
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> Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). Asbestosis na tsawon shekarun da suka rasa rayukansu kafin shekaru 65 - Amurka, 1968-2005. Rashin ƙuntatawa da Mutuwa a Kullum . 2008. 57 (49: 1321-5.
> Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka. Aikace-aikace don Magunguna masu guba da ƙwayar cuta. Ka'idojin Kulawa na Clinical for Asbestos-Related Disease. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/asbestos/medical_community/working_with_patients/docs/clinscrguide_32205_lo.pdf
> Hukumar Kariya ta Yankin Muhalli. Asbestos. Updated 12/04/16. https://www.epa.gov/asbestos
> Burkina Faso, G. et al. Ƙananan kashi da aka lissafta nazarin rikice-rikice akan ciwon daji da kuma jigilar mesothelioma a cikin wani asbestos-fallasa yawan: sakamako na karshe na yiwuwar, gwaji na iya yiwuwa - wani Alpe-andria Thoracic Oncology Karatu Group Group (ATOM 001). Oncologist . 2007. 12 (10): 1215-24.
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