Irin ciwon daji da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta ya kamata ka sani
Akwai ƙwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da ciwon daji? Idan haka ne, menene ƙwayoyin cuta, ta yaya suke haifar da ciwon daji, kuma menene cututtukan suke haifar? Shin akwai wata hanya ta hana wannan daga faruwa?
Kwayoyin cuta ne Dalili na Ciwon Ciwon Cutar
Kuna iya tunanin yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta kamar yadda mummunar cutar ta haifar da sanyi , amma wasu daga cikin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta sunyi yawa. A gaskiya ma, ana tunanin cewa a duk duniya, kimanin kashi 20 cikin dari na cututtuka suna haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta.
A {asar Amirka, yawancin yana da ƙananan, amma ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin suna tunanin sa a tsakanin 5 da 10% na ciwon daji.
Yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa mafi yawan ƙwayoyin cuta ba sa haifar da ciwon daji ba. Bugu da ƙari, ko da lokacin da ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifar da maye gurbin kwayoyin da ake buƙata don tantanin halitta ya zama rikici, mafi yawan waɗannan lalacewa sun cire su ta hanyar tsarin rigakafi. Lokacin da kamuwa da kwayar cutar ta haifar da ciwon daji, wanda hakan zai iya tserewa daga tsarin na rigakafi, akwai wasu lokuta a aiki, kamar yadda aka gani a kasa.
Yaya cutar take haifar da ciwon ƙwayar cuta?
Kwayar cutar ba kome ba ne kawai fiye da DNA ko RNA da aka nannade cikin gashin gashin. Abin da ke sa su zama mahimmanci shi ne cewa ba su ƙunshi kayan da suka dace don aiki a kan kansu ba. An tilasta musu su mamaye tantanin tantanin halitta (iya zama tsire-tsire, dabba, ko kwayan cuta) don bunkasa da kuma haifuwa. Akwai hanyoyi da dama da cutar zata iya haifar da ciwon daji.
- Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da kumburi na kullum. Sakamakon kumburi yana haifar da haɓaka ƙwayar tantanin halitta a cikin aiwatar da yin sel don maye gurbin kwayoyin lalacewa. Duk lokacin da Kwayoyin ke raba, akwai hadarin cewa maye gurbin kwayar halitta zai faru. Sabili da haka, ƙonewa da wasu daga cikin wadannan ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa ya haifar da raguwar ƙwayar cell, wanda zai haifar da ƙarin damar cewa kurakurai a cikin kwayoyin halitta zai faru, wanda zai haifar da ciwon daji.
- Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta zasu iya lalata DNA a cikin kwayoyin da ke haifar da ciwon daji.
- Wasu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na iya canza tsarin na rigakafi don haka ya kasa iya yakin cutar kwayar cutar.
Kwayoyin da aka sani suna haifar da ciwon daji
Cutar ƙwayoyin cuta na iya zama ko dai DNA ko RNA. Kwayoyin da aka sani ana haifar da ciwon daji an lakafta su a ƙasa, koda yake yana yiwuwa wasu za su samu a nan gaba.
Lura cewa akwai kuma wasu kwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin da suke hade da ci gaban ciwon daji.
Kwayoyin cutar ta mutum (HPV) da Ciwon daji
Kwayar cutar ta mutum (HPV) ita ce cutar dauke da kwayar cutar da ta shafi mutane fiye da miliyan 20. Wannan shi ne mafi yawan nau'in kamuwa da cutar da jima'i. Akwai halin yanzu fiye da mutum ɗari da aka sani da cutar ta HPV, amma kimanin 30 daga cikinsu ana zaton zasu haifar da ciwon daji.
Sashin cutar HPV mafi yawanci da ciwon daji ya hada da HPV 16 da HPV 18.
Alurar riga kafi na HPV - harbin da ke karewa daga HPV 16 da HPV 18 - yana samuwa ga yara tsakanin shekarun 11 zuwa 12, kuma ana iya ba su tun daga lokacin da suka fara shekaru 9 da haihuwa har shekara 26.
Ciwon daji ke hade da haɗarin HPV sun hada da:
- Ciwon jijiyoyin ƙwayar cutar ciwon daji - Raunin cutar HPV suna da alhakin kusan dukkanin cututtuka na mahaifa
- Ciwon daji na Vulvar - 69% na cututtukan cututtuka da ke cutar ta hanyar HPV
- Magungunan ciwon daji - Kusan 91% na cututtukan zazzage da cutar ta hanyar HPV
- Ciwon daji na asibiti - 75% na cututtuka na jiki ne saboda HPV
- Ciwon daji na Penile - 63% na cututtukan penile suna da alaka da HPV.
- Ciwon daji da kuma na Abun ciki - An yi tunanin cewa 72% na cututtuka a kusa da baya na makogwaro suna da alaka da HPV.
A wasu cututtuka, bayanai ba su da tabbas.
Alal misali, ana danganta HPV da cutar ciwon huhu , amma ba a san idan HPV na taimakawa wajen ci gaba da ciwon huhu ba, idan a maimakon haka, ciwon ciwon huhu ya ƙaru da damar yin kwangila na HPV, ko kuma idan kawai ya faru ba tare da alaƙa ba.
Abin godiya, yana nuna cewa wasu cututtuka suna da ƙwarewa mafi kyau idan an haɗa su da cututtukan HPV. Alal misali, ciwon daji da aka tsammanin zai haifar da haɗuwa da shan taba da barasa suna da alamun rashin lafiya fiye da waɗanda suka ji cewa cutar ta HPV zata haifar.
Hepatitis B da Ciwon daji
Cutar da cutar Harshen B (HBV) tana kara haɗarin haɓaka cutar ciwon huhu .
Wadannan cututtuka masu kamuwa da cututtukan kwayoyi sune masu yaduwa ne ta hanyar watsa jini, maniyyi, da sauran ruwaye na jiki daga mutum daya zuwa wani. Hanyoyi na yau da kullum sun hada da jima'i ba tare da karewa ba, mahaifiyar haihuwa a lokacin haihuwar haihuwa, da kuma rarraba magunguna na intravenous (mafi yawan lokuta ta hanyar amfani da dutse, amma yana iya faruwa yayin tattooing).
Yawancin mutane suna fama da cutar rashin ciwon hauka na ciwon hepatitis B (kusan 70% suna da alamun bayyanar cututtuka kuma sauran 30% suna da matukar damuwa), amma wasu suna ci gaba da ci gaba da kamuwa da cuta tare da cutar hepatitis B, mafi yawan waɗanda ke fama da cutar a lokacin ƙuruciya da waɗanda wanda ba su da wata alamar bayyanar cututtuka. Ciwon daji na yaduwa yafi yawa daga wadanda ke ciwon ciwon hauka na B (masu haɗarin B.
Yawancin yara da aka haifa tun daga shekarun 1980 sun riga an rigakafin rigakafin cutar B, kuma balagar da ba a rigakafin rigakafi ya kamata su yi haka.
Hepatitis C da Ciwon daji
Harkokin cutar Hepatitis C yana ƙara haɓakar ƙwayar cutar ciwon huhu. Har zuwa shekarun 1980s, an gano cutar rashin ciwon Cizon C (HCV) da ba a B da ke ba B-hepatitis. Ƙungiyar ta farko zata iya samun alamun bayyanar, amma yawancin mutane ba su da alamun bayyanar. Yayinda cutar hepatitis B , wadda cutar bata sau da yawa ta zama na yau da kullum, kimanin kashi 80 cikin dari na mutanen da ke fama da ciwon hauka C na ci gaba da kamuwa da cuta.
Yayin da tsarin rigakafi ya ci gaba da kai farmaki akan cutar a tsawon lokaci, fibrosis tasowa, yana haifar da cirrhosis. Wannan mummunan ciwon kima yana iya haifar da ciwon hanta.
Kwayar cutar ta yada ta jini, irin su tare da fassarar jini da kuma miyagun kwayoyi, amma mutane da dama ba su da wata matsala ga cutar. A yanzu an ba da shawarar cewa an haifi jaririn da aka haifa a tsakanin 1945 zuwa 1965 don cutar, da kuma wasu waɗanda suke da hatsari.
Virus Epstein-Barr (EBV) da Ciwon Cutar
An gano mafi yawan cutar cutar Epstein-Barr don haddasa mononucleosis amma an danganta shi da ci gaba da ilimin lymphoma daban-daban . Wadannan sun hada da
- Lymphoma Posttransplant - Tsakanin 1 zuwa 20% na mutanen da ke samar da lymphoma bayan an cire sutura, kuma kusan dukkanin waɗannan suna da alaka da cututtuka na Epstein-Barr.
- Ciwon lymphoma da ake dangantawa da kwayar cutar HIV.
- Lymphoma na Burkitt - A Afirka, lymphoma na Burkitt yana da alhakin rabi na cutar ciwon yara, kuma 98% daga cikin waɗannan suna da alaka da cutar Epstein-Barr. Hanya tsakanin Epstein Barr da lymphoma na Burkitt ba su da karfi a cikin yara da wannan cuta a Amurka, kuma suna tunanin cewa cutar zazzaranci zai iya raunana tsarin rigakafi a cikin yara na Afirka wanda zai iya yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa ciwon daji.
- Lymphoma na Hodgkin - Anyi tunanin cewa cutar Epstein-Barr tana taka rawar a kashi 40 zuwa 50% na lokuta na Hodgkin cuta a Amurka.
T da cutar Epstein-Barr kuma an san shi don haifar da carcinoma na nasopharyngeal da kuma gastric carcinoma.
Kwayar Immunficiency (HIV) da Ciwon Cutar
Ana danganta cutar HIV da ciwon daji a wasu hanyoyi . Kamar yadda muka san shekaru da yawa cewa kwayoyin rigakafin rigakafi na iya haifar da mummunan tsarin da zai haifar da ciwon daji, yaduwar cutar da kwayar cutar ta HIV ta haifar da cutar da cutar ga mutane. Lymphoma non-Hodgkin, lymphoma Hodgkin, lymphoma CNS na farko, cutar sankarar bargo, da kuma myeloma duk sun hada da cutar. Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, yana nuna cewa kwayar cutar ta HIV ta raunana tsarin rigakafi (kamar yadda malaria ke ba da damar barin cutar Epstein Barr don haifar da canjin da ake buƙata don lympohocytes ya zama lymphoma.
Bugu da ƙari, lymphomas, HIV yana kara yawan hadarin Sarcoma na Kaposi, ciwon jijiyar mahaifa, ciwon huhu na huhu, ciwon daji, da ciwon hanta.
T- Lymphotrophic Virus (HTLV-1) da Ciwon daji
HTLV-1 shine retrovirus (kama da HIV) wanda ke haifar da cutar tarin kwayar cutar ta T-cell mutum da lymphoma.
Kwayar cutar ta mutum 8 (HHV-8) da Ciwon daji
HHV-8 zai iya sa sarcoma na Kaposi kuma an san shi kamar KSHV - Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus.
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
Merkel cell polyvirus - wanda aka sani da McPyV - na iya haifar da wani nau'i na ciwon daji wanda ake kira Merkel cell carcinoma. Duk da haka kodayake kwayar cutar tafi kowa a cikin jama'a a matsayin cikakke, cutar ciwon daji ta haifar da shi ba abu ba ne.
Rigakafin
Gwaran rigakafi ya fi dacewa da magani, kuma yana da kyau cewa yawancin wadannan ƙwayoyin cuta da zasu iya haifar da ciwon daji sun wuce daga mutum zuwa mutum. Yin jima'i da jima'i ba tare da raba raguwa ba ne wata hanya ta rage hadarin. Muhimmancin kasancewa lafiya a gaba ɗaya - cin abinci daidai da yin amfani da ita - an ƙarfafa ganin yadda zazzage aikin aiki zai iya haifar da haɗarin wasu ciwon daji na kwayar cutar.
Rigakafin ciwon daji da cutar ta haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta ne mai mahimmanci na bincike - musamman ma ra'ayin cewa yana iya hana wasu daga cikin wadannan cututtukan ta hanyar maganin rigakafi don hana cutar daga farawa jiki a farkon.
A bayanin karshe, masana kimiyya suna aiki a kan daban-daban hade da ƙwayoyin cuta da ciwon daji da kuma amfani da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta don yaki da ciwon daji maimakon yasa shi.
Sources:
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka. Jirgin tsakanin HPV da Ciwo.
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka. Shawarar gwaji don cutar kututture C.
Geng, L., da X. Wang. Epstein-Barr Ciwon kwayoyin lymphoproliferative haɗuwar cuta: gwajin gwaji da ƙwarewa. Jaridar Duniya ta Cibiyar Nazarin Gudanarwa da Gwaji . 2015. 8 (9): 14656-71.
Grundhoff, A., da N. Fischer. Merkel cell polyomavirus, wata cuta mai cike da kwayar cutar da tumorigenic yiwuwar. Bayani na yanzu a cikin Virology . 2015. 14: 129-37.
Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Ma'aikata marasa lafiya.
Vedham, V., Verma, M., da S. Mahabir. Rahotanni na farko sun bayyana ga magunguna masu ciwon maɗamfari da kuma cigaban ciwon daji. Magungunan Cancer . 2015. 4912): 1908-22.