A dermis shine karo na biyu da kuma mafi girma daga cikin manyan manyan manyan layuka na fata , da ke tsakanin epidermis da takaddun sutura , wanda aka fi sani da subcutis da hypodermis.
Kodayake mun duba kullun kamar yadda kawai kariya daga abubuwa, muna koyon cewa launi na fata yana da matukar haɗari kuma yana da ayyuka masu muhimmanci.
Daga goosebumps da kwantar da hankali a cikin sauna don barin kwakwalwarka san hannunka yana kan mai ƙonawa, bari mu koyi game da yadda aka tsara wannan layin kuma abin da yake aikatawa.
Anatomy da Tsarin
Dandalin yana da sassa biyu: wani abu mai mahimmanci, babba wanda aka sani da lakabi na papillary , da kuma lokacin farin ciki, ƙananan ƙanƙara wanda ake kira dericular dermis . Tsarinta ya bambanta dangane da wurin da fata yake. Alal misali, derms a kan eyelids na da 0.6 millimeters lokacin farin ciki; a baya, da hannayen hannu da ƙafar ƙafa yana da mintuna 3.
A dermis yana dauke da yawancin ruwa na jiki kuma yana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita yanayin zazzabi da bada jini ga epidermis. Sassan da aka samu a cikin dermi sun haɗa da:
- Nau'in haɗin gwiwa - Musamman collagen da elastin
- Bloodries (mafi karami na jini) da sauran kananan jirgi
- Tasirin jirgin sama na Lymph
- Sugar gland
- Gilashi mai sassauci ( gland oil) - Mafi sananne don zama mai layi da kuma haddasa mummunan hawaye na kuraje, glandan shinge yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye jiki
- Maganin Nerve
- Hair follicles - jiki ya ƙunshi kusa da miliyan biyu gashi follicles
Abun Daftarin
Kayan ya ƙunshi nau'in nau'i na nau'in nau'i na kyallen takarda wanda ke cikin dukkanin bayanan, ba a cikin layuka ba:
- Collagen
- Rubutun ƙira
- Ƙananan zaruruwa
Rubutun papillary, Layer Layer na dermis, ya ƙunshi tsari na bakin ciki na filastin collagen.
Ƙananan, mai ɗauka na kwanciyar hankali ya fi ƙarfin kuma an sanya shi cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin kafa wanda aka shirya a layi daya zuwa fatar jiki.
Matsayin da Ya Yi
A dermis shine karamin fata na fata kuma yana da mahimmanci. Yana taka rawa da dama, ciki har da:
- Samar da gumi da gyaran jikin jiki. A cikin ragowar su ne gland wanda ya samar da gumi wanda ya fito daga cikin pores. Rashin jiki yana yunkuri a matsayin hanyar da za ta kwantar da kanta, ta samar da zazzabi da kuma fitar da gubobi. Akwai fiye da mutane miliyan 2.5 a cikin jiki, kuma akwai nau'i biyu: apocrine da eccrine. An gano gishiri mai suna Apocrine a cikin sassan jiki mafi girma, ciki har da tsalle-tsalle, ɓoye-tsalle da kuma gundumomi. Gudun ruwa, wanda ya zama mai aiki a lokacin balaga, ya ɓoye abubuwa a cikin gashin gashi. Gudun da aka ɓoye shi ne ainihin maras kyau a farko; shi kawai fara jin warin lokacin da ya zo cikin hulɗa da kwayoyin fata. Eccrine gland gland yana samuwa a ko'ina cikin jiki: a kan dabino, da ƙafafun ƙafafun, hagu da goshin. Wadannan glanders suna fitar da kayan su kai tsaye a fatar jiki.
- Samar da mai. Gwargwadon gine-gizen yana samar da sebum ko man. Sebum ya hana ciwon kwayan cuta akan fata da yanayin gashi da fata. Idan jingin abin da aka gano a cikin gilashi ya zama gwaninta tare da man fetur mai fatalwa ko ƙwayoyin fataccen fata, wani abu mai girma yana tasowa.
- Girma gashi. Gudun gashi suna samuwa a cikin ƙananan. Kowace tushe mai haɗari yana haɗe da ƙananan ƙwayoyin jiki, wanda aka sani da tsohuwar mahaukaci, wanda kwangila lokacin da jikin ya zama sanyi ko tsorata, haifar da goosebumps.
- Feeling. Ƙungiyar ta cike da ciwon daji wanda ke aika sakonni ga kwakwalwa game da yadda abubuwa ke ji: idan wani abu yana da zafi, rashin lafiya, ko jin dadi.
- Raba jini. Jirgin jini yana samuwa a cikin kwaskwarima, wanda ke ciyar da fata, yana kawar da gubobi. da kuma samar da epidermis tare da jini.
- Kare sauran jikin. A dermis yana dauke da phagocytes , waxanda su ne kwayoyin da ke cinye gubobi da cututtuka, ciki har da kwayoyin cuta. A baya riga ya kare jiki, amma phagocytes suna samar da ƙarin kariya na kariya daga wani abu mai cutarwa wanda ya shiga cikin epidermis.
- Bayar da tsarin fata don haka yana riƙe da siffarsa - Layer dermal yana da alhakin turgor na fata, yana aiki kamar yadda ya gina harsashi.
Haɗi tare da Epidermis
Ba kamar ra'ayoyin tsohuwar da suka kalli kamannin launin fata ba kawai a matsayin kariya ga waje a duniya, ba wai kawai abubuwan da ke tattare da su ba ne kawai, amma dermos da epidermis sun kasance suna tuntuɓar juna da kuma sadarwa da ke tafiyar da matakai masu muhimmanci.
Sel a cikin epidermis yana tasiri ga dermis, sannan kuma, (ta hanyar abubuwa irin su kwayoyin mast da ke ɓoye cytokines) suna tasiri tasirin sel a cikin epidermis. Abun hulɗar waɗannan layuka guda biyu ne, a gaskiya, mafi yawancin rushewa a wasu yanayi kamar psoriasis .
Tsarin daji
Yayin da kake tunani game da tsari da aikin fata za ka iya yin tunani game da abin da ke sa fata ya tsufa-abin da ke sa wrinkling. Akwai sauye-sauye masu yawa a fata mu tare da tsufa a kowane nau'i na fatar jikin mu kamar yadda muka tsufa.
Maganin lalata ya zama mai zurfi tare da ƙwayar ƙwayar ɗan adam da ƙasa. Elastin yana fitar da ƙananan raɗaɗɗa kamar yadda yunkuri na waistband a cikin takalma na biyu zai iya rasa haɓakarta. Wannan shi ne abin da ke haifar da wrinkling da sagging.
Girasar da ke tattare da ƙananan abu yana haifar da ƙananan motsa jiki yayin da gumi gland ya haifar da gumi, dukansu suna taimakawa wajen fatar gashin fata.
Yankin yanki ko adadin lambar sadarwa tsakanin gajerun da kuma epidermis yana ragewa. Wannan yana haifar da rashin jinin da aka samu daga dermos zuwa epidermis da ƙananan abubuwan gina jiki don sanya shi zuwa wannan launi na fata. Wannan fitarwa daga yankin haɗin yana kuma sa fata ya fi m.
Tumors
Kamar yadda cikewar girma a cikin epidermis ya haifar da ciwon daji na fata, ciwon sukari zai iya fitowa daga lakarar fata na fata. Ɗaya daga cikin irin ciwon da ke farawa a cikin dermos ana kiransa dermatofibroma (ko tarihin dabarar fibrous histoci.) Wadannan ƙwayar ciwon daji na yau da kullum suna faruwa ne a kafafu na mata na tsakiya. Ba a san abin da ya sa wadannan ciwon sukari ba, amma suna faruwa akai-akai bayan wasu nau'i na cuta.
Kariya
Kamar dai yadda yake da muhimmanci a kare kakananku daga hasken rana, yana da mahimmanci don kare kantunku. Haɗuwar rana sun lalata collagen (kuma yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin elastin) wanda zai haifar da tsoma baki.
Sources:
Kumar, Vinay, Abul K. Abbas, Jon C. Aster, da James A. Perkins. Robbins da Cotran Pathologic Basis na cuta. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier / Saunders, 2015. Print.