Duk abin da kuke buƙatar sanin game da Endocrine System
Tsarin endocrine yana kunshe da glandu da yawa a cikin jiki. Wadannan sunadarai sunadarai ne - jakadun sinadaran da ke nuna jikin su don aiwatar da ayyuka masu muhimmanci, yawanci da alaka da girma da kuma metabolism.
Akwai nau'i-nau'i guda biyu a cikin tsarin endocrine.
Endocrine gland sun hada da pancreas, thyroid, pituitary da adrenal gland.
Suna ɓoye jikinsu a cikin jini, inda aka kai su wurin aikin.
Exocrin gland secrete su hormones kai tsaye a cikin ducts. Misalan gine-gizon exocrine sun hada da sifa, mammary, salivary da glandes.
Ta Yaya Hormones ke aiki?
Yawancin glandocin endocrin suna da damuwa ga ƙaddamarwa ko dai da hormone da suka samar ko abu da ke kunna su. Idan maida hankali ne na hormone ko abu abu ne ƙananan amma al'ada, zai saba kunna glandan. Idan maida hankali yayi girma, zai dakatar da samar da hormone. Wannan shi ne abin da aka kira shi a matsayin tsarin jituwa mai ban sha'awa. Har ila yau, za'a iya kunna endocrine gland kai tsaye ta hanyar damuwa.
Lokacin da masu karɓa a kan tantanin halitta sunadarai na glandon endocrin suna aiki ne ta wani hormone, ana haifar da matsalolin sinadarai a cikin tantanin halitta. Masu karɓa da jarabanci suna da ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
Sai kawai nau'i na hormone zai dace a cikin mai karɓa. Idan ɓacin hankalin da ba daidai ba yayi ƙoƙari ya shiga cikin mai karɓa ba, ba za a sami amsa ba.
Endocrine Gland da Hormones Suka samar
Gudun Pituitary - An kira wannan "gland gland" ne saboda yawancin ayyukan da ke da alaka da metabolism da kuma kula da homeostasis.
Akwai lobes biyu na pituitary: na baya da na baya.
Lobe na baya yana fitowa da yawa daga cikin kwayoyin halitta ciki har da:
- Prolactin
- Girmone girma
- Hannar kwayar halitta ta tasowa
- Harshen Luteinizing
- Yourroid stimulating hormone
- Adonocorticotropin hormone
Bayanin lobe na ɓoye:
- Tsarin anti-diuretic hormone
- Oxytocin
Hypothalmus - The hypothalmus ƙananan ƙananan kwakwalwa ne wanda ke kusa da kuskuren gypsum. Yana iko da hormones na pituitary ta hanyar watsar da hormones da ke motsawa ko hana su saki. Alal misali, hypothalamus ya ɓoye magungunan gonadotropin, wanda ya haifar da samar da gonadotropin (hormonon da kuma luteinizing hormone) ta hanyar pituitary. Har ila yau yana haifar da hormone sake rarraba corticotrophin, maganin da aka fitar da kwayar cutar karanka, da kuma ƙarar hormone da ke fitowa.
Thymus - Gland din da aka yi amfani dashi a lokacin yaro, kamus na sirri ne da ke taimakawa tsarin ci gaba. A lokacin lokacin haihuwa, ana maye gurbin jikinsa da kitsen kuma ba ya buƙata don aiki na yau da kullum.
Pineal Gland - Wannan karamin gland shine a cikin kwakwalwar da ta ɓoye melatonin. An gano Melatonin don tsara tsarin tsaran barci.
Thyroid - Thyroid ne glandin da aka samo a kan iska a gaba na makogwaro.
Yana samar da thyroxin (T4) da tri-iodothyronine (T3), wanda aka sani da shi don daidaita metabolism. Har ila yau, yana ɓoye calcitonin , wanda ke taimakawa wajen tsara tsarin ƙwayoyin calcium.
Parathyroid - Glandan da ke cikin kwayoyi hudu da ke tsaye a kan thyroid ya zama parathyroid. Suna samar da hormone parathyroid . Hakan da yake da mahimmancin sarrafawa na ma'auni da phosphorus a jiki.
Adrenal Glands - Akwai glanden biyu, wanda aka gano a saman kowane koda. Kowace gland yana rarraba zuwa yankuna biyu, da ƙwayoyin kwari da ƙira, waɗanda suke da ayyuka daban-daban.
Hanyoyin hormones da sinadarai suka samar suna da muhimmanci ga rayuwa kuma sun hada da glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids da wasu daga cikin hormones jima'i, kamar androgens da ƙananan estrogen .
Jirgin da ya dace ya ɓoye lambobin da ba su da muhimmanci ga rayuwa kuma sun hada da epinephrine da norepinephrine.
Rashin ƙwayar jiki - Rashin katako shine babban gland shine a cikin ciki da ke ɓoye insulin da glucagon. Wadannan kwayoyin biyu sune mahimmanci a cikin tsari da kuma kula da matakan sukari na al'ada. Glucagon yana motsa hanta don saki mafi yawan glucose cikin jiki, yayin da insulin ya sa jikin jikin yayi karin glucose.
Ovaries - Da aka samu a cikin mata kawai, waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyi biyu suna samar da estrogen, progesterone da inhibin. Estrogen da progesterone sune ainihin jima'i na jima'i da ke da alhakin yawancin halayen mata na jima'i. Inhibin wani hormone ne wanda ke kula da matakan jigilar hormone, wanda yake sarrafa tsarin cin nama.
Gwaje-gwaje-gwaje - Girasar da aka samo ne kawai a cikin maza, masu binciken kwayoyin sautin testosterone, ainihin hormone da ke da alhakin siffofin jima'i na maza.
Menene Yake faruwa da Cutar Endocrin?
Duk lokacin da daya daga cikin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta ba shi da daidaito, da dama sauran tsarin, gland da hormones za a iya shafa. Mata da ciwon polycystic ovary , alal misali, na iya nuna canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin stimulant hormone, hormone luteinizing, androgens (testosterone) da kuma insulin, wanda zai iya rinjayar da matakan estrogen. Canje-canje na kowane daga cikin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta na iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin nauyi, metabolism da matakan makamashi.
Sources:
SEUR Training Modules, Endocrine System. Cibiyar Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amurka, Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Samun shiga Nov 28, 2009. http://training.seer.cancer.gov
Tsarin Endocrine: Cututtuka, Hormones & Ƙari. Hormone Foundation. Samun shiga Nov 28, 2009. http://www.hormone.org/endo101.